in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait
lies Taiwan
. West across the South China Sea
sits Vietnam
. The Sulu Sea
to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo
, and to the south the Celebes Sea
separates it from other islands of Indonesia
. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea
. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire
and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world.
1519 Ferdinand Magellan's five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe. The Basque second in command Sebastian Elcano will complete the expedition after Magellan's death in the Philippines.
1521 Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines.
1521 Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapu-Lapu.
1565 Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
1594 Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paves way to the creation of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines).
1607 San Agustin Church in Manila is officially completed; it is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines.
1686 Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines.
1814 Mayon Volcano, in the Philippines, erupts, killing around 1,200 people, the most devastating eruption of the volcano.
1896 Eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas. These were Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas.
1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain.