De Grote Molen, Marrum
Encyclopedia
De Grote Molen is a smock mill in Marrum
Marrum
Marrum is a small village in Ferwerderadiel in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around 1250 citizens as of 2004.-Windmills:There are two windmills in Marrum, De Grote Molen and De Phenix. A third mill, De Kleilânsmole was dismantled in 2010 for restoration and rebuilding at...

, Friesland
Friesland
Friesland is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the ancient region of Frisia.Until the end of 1996, the province bore Friesland as its official name. In 1997 this Dutch name lost its official status to the Frisian Fryslân...

, Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

 which was built in 1845. The mill has been restored to working order. It is listed as a Rijksmonument
Rijksmonument
A rijksmonument is a National Heritage Site of the Netherlands, listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.-History and criteria:...

, number 15637.

History

De Grote Molen was built by millwright
Millwright
A millwright is a craftsman or tradesman engaged with the construction and maintenance of machinery.Early millwrights were specialist carpenters who erected machines used in agriculture, food processing and processing lumber and paper...

 J T Kingma of Ternaard
Ternaard
Ternaard is a village in the municipality Dongeradeel located in the northeast of the province of Friesland between Dokkum and the Wadden Sea.| - History :...

 in 1845 to drain the 2100 pondemaat Marrum-Westernijtjerk polder
Polder
A polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by embankments known as dikes, that forms an artificial hydrological entity, meaning it has no connection with outside water other than through manually-operated devices...

. As built, the mill was fitted with Patent sails. Later, Common sails fitted with streamlined leading edges on the Dekker System were fitted. These were later replaced by Common sails with leading edges on the Fok System.

The mill was restored in 1957-58, 1965, and again in 1968. On 4 May 1976, the mill was sold to Stichting De Fryske Mole (Frisian Mills Society). A further restoration was undertaken in 1978-78. Auxiliary power is from an EMF Dordt electric motor.

.

Description

DE Grote Molen is what the Dutch describe as a Grondzeiler. It is a two storey smock mill on a single storey base. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost to ground level. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The smock and cap are thatched. The sails are Common sails, fitted with leading edges on the Fok system. They have a span of 22.8 metre. The sails are carried on a cast iron windshaft. which was cast by Prins van Oranje, 's Gravenhage, Zuid Holland in 1868. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the crown wheel, which has 49 cogs drives a gearwheel with 45 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes screw. The axle of the Archimedes screw is 655 millimetre diameter. The screw is 1.72 metre diameter and 2.02 metre long. It is inclined at 19°. Each revolution of the screw lifts 1744 litres (383.6 imp gal) of water.
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