Deep integration, as defined by Simone Claar and Andrea Nölke, means trade agreements which not only contain rules on tariffs and conventional non-tariff trade restrictions, but which also regulate the business environment in a more general sense. Issues of deep integration include competition policy, investor rights, product standards, public procurement and intellectual property rights, for example.

Canada and United States

Deep integration can also specifically refer to the harmonization of policies and regulations of Canada

Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 and the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. Some ^(who?) believe that doing so will result in the formation of a new North American Union

North American Union

The North American Union is a theoretical economic union, in some instances also a political union, of Canada, Mexico, and the United States...

 that effectively erases the border between Canada and the United States in the interest of trade

Trade

Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...

 north of the border and security

National security

National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic, diplomacy, power projection and political power. The concept developed mostly in the United States of America after World War II...

 concerns south of the border.

Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru

In 2011, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru initiated steps to create a Deep Integration bloc.
It is called "The Pacific Alliance".

See also

• Independent Task Force on North America
  Independent Task Force on North America
  The Independent Task Force on the Future of North America advocates a greater economic and social integration between Canada, Mexico, and the United States as a region...
  
  
• Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
  Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
  The Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America was a region-level dialogue with the stated purpose of providing greater cooperation on security and economic issues. The Partnership was founded in Waco, Texas on March 23, 2005 by Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada, Vicente Fox,...
  
  
• Trade, Investment and Labour Mobility Agreement