Demographics of Kyrgyzstan - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Demographics of Kyrgyzstan is about the demographic

Demographics

Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...

features of the population

Population

A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...

of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...

, including population growth, population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

, ethnicity

Ethnic group

An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...

, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The name Kyrgyz, both for the people and the country, means "forty girls" or "forty tribes", a reference to the epic hero Manas

Epic of Manas

The Epic of Manas is a traditional epic poem claimed by the Kyrgyz people dating to the 18th century, though it is possibly much older. In some earlier versions, however, Manas is identified as Nogay. This opens the possibility of Manas having spoken a dialect of Turki similar to that of the...

who unified forty tribes against the Oirats

Oirats

Oirats are the westernmost group of the Mongols who unified several tribes origin whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia. Although the Oirats originated in the eastern parts of Central Asia, the most prominent group today is located in the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal...

, as symbolized by the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan.

Demographic trends

Kyrgyzstan's population increased from 2.1 million to 4.8 million between the censuses of 1959 and 1999. Official estimates set the population at 5.2 million in 2007. Of those, 34.4% are under the age of 15 and 6.2% are over the age of 65. The country is rural

Rural

Rural areas or the country or countryside are areas that are not urbanized, though when large areas are described, country towns and smaller cities will be included. They have a low population density, and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture...

: only about one-third of Kyrgyzstan's population live in urban areas. The average population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

is 69 people per square mile (29 people per km²).

The nation's largest ethnic group

Ethnic group

are the Kyrgyz, a Turkic

Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...

people, which comprise 71% of the population (2009 census). Other ethnic groups include Russians

Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....

(9.0%) concentrated in the north and Uzbeks

Uzbeks

The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China...

(14.5%) living in the south. Small but noticeable minorities include Tatars

Tatars

Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...

(1.9%), Uyghurs

Uyghur people

The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...

(1.1%), Tajiks (1.1%), Kazakhs

Kazakhs

The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....

(0.7%) and Ukrainians

Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...

(0.5%), and other smaller ethnic minorities (1.7%). Of the formerly sizable Volga German

Volga German

The Volga Germans were ethnic Germans living along the River Volga in the region of southern European Russia around Saratov and to the south. Recruited as immigrants to Russia in the 18th century, they were allowed to maintain German culture, language, traditions and churches: Lutherans, Reformed,...

community, exiled here by Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...

from their earlier homes in the Volga German Republic, most have returned to Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

, and only a few small groups remain. A small percentage of the population are also Koreans

Koryo-saram

Koryo-saram is the name which ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves. Approximately 500,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former Soviet Union, primarily in the now-independent states of Central Asia. There are also large Korean communities in southern Russia , the...

, who are the descendants of the Koreans deported

Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union

Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, originally conceived in 1926, initiated in 1930, and carried through in 1937, was the first mass transfer of an entire nationality based on their ethnicity to be committed by the Soviet Union...

in 1937 from the Soviet Far East

Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...

to Central Asia.

Kyrgyzstan has undergone a pronounced change in its ethnic composition since independence. The percentage of ethnic Kyrgyz increased from around 50% in 1979 to nearly 70% in 2007, while the percentage of European ethnic groups (Russians, Ukrainians, and Germans) as well as Tatars dropped from 35% to about 10%.

The Kyrgyz have historically been semi-nomad

Nomad

Nomadic people , commonly known as itinerants in modern-day contexts, are communities of people who move from one place to another, rather than settling permanently in one location. There are an estimated 30-40 million nomads in the world. Many cultures have traditionally been nomadic, but...

ic herders, living in round tents called yurt

Yurt

A yurt is a portable, bent wood-framed dwelling structure traditionally used by Turkic nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. The structure comprises a crown or compression wheel usually steam bent, supported by roof ribs which are bent down at the end where they meet the lattice wall...

s and tending sheep, horse

Horse

The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...

s and yak

Yak

The yak, Bos grunniens or Bos mutus, is a long-haired bovine found throughout the Himalayan region of south Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. In addition to a large domestic population, there is a small, vulnerable wild yak population...

s. This nomadic tradition continues to function seasonally (see transhumance

Transhumance

Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and to lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Only the herds travel, with...

) as herding families return to the high mountain pasture (or jailoo) in the summer. The retention of this nomadic heritage and the freedoms that it implies continue to have an impact on the political atmosphere in the country.

Births and deaths

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1980	3 628	107 278	30 460	76 818	29.6	8.4	21.2
1981	3 699	113 434	29 591	83 843	30.7	8.0	22.7
1982	3 775	117 235	29 194	88 041	31.1	7.7	23.3
1983	3 857	120 708	30 241	90 467	31.3	7.8	23.5
1984	3 937	126 075	32 603	93 472	32.0	8.3	23.7
1985	4 014	128 460	32 332	96 128	32.0	8.1	23.9
1986	4 093	133 728	29 083	104 645	32.7	7.1	25.6
1987	4 173	136 588	30 597	105 991	32.7	7.3	25.4
1988	4 250	133 710	31 879	101 831	31.5	7.5	24.0
1989	4 327	131 508	31 156	100 352	30.4	7.2	23.2
1990	4 395	128 810	30 580	98 230	29.3	7.0	22.4
1991	4 464	129 536	30 859	98 677	29.0	6.9	22.1
1992	4 515	128 352	32 163	96 189	28.4	7.1	21.3
1993	4 515	116 795	34 513	82 282	25.9	7.6	18.2
1994	4 513	110 113	37 109	73 004	24.4	8.2	16.2
1995	4 560	117 340	36 915	80 425	25.7	8.1	17.6
1996	4 628	108 007	34 562	73 445	23.3	7.5	15.9
1997	4 696	102 050	34 540	67 510	21.7	7.4	14.4
1998	4 769	104 183	34 596	69 587	21.8	7.3	14.6
1999	4 837	104 068	32 850	71 218	21.5	6.8	14.7
2000	4 888	96 770	34 111	62 659	19.8	7.0	12.8
2001	4 927	98 138	32 677	65 461	19.9	6.6	13.3
2002	4 965	101 012	35 235	65 777	20.3	7.1	13.2
2003	5 011	105 490	35 941	69 549	21.1	7.2	13.9
2004	5 065	109 939	35 061	74 878	21.7	6.9	14.8
2005	5 116	109 839	36 992	72 847	21.5	7.2	14.2
2006	5 164	120 737	38 566	82 171	23.4	7.5	15.9
2007	5 207	123 251	38 180	85 071	23.7	7.3	16.3
2008	5 250	127 332	37 710	89 622	24.3	7.2	17.1
2009	5 301	135 494	37 000	98 494	25.6	7,0	18.6
2010

Total fertility rate

2.65 children born/woman (2009 est.)

The differences in the number of children by nationality are significant: Uzbeks (3.0 children), Tajiks (3.0 children), Turks

Turkish people

Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...

(2.9), Kyrgyz (2.9), Dungans (2.8) Russians

Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....

(1.7), Koreans (1.7), Germans

Germans

The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

(1.8), Ukrainians

Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...

(2.1), Tatars

Tatars

(2.1), Kazakhs

Kazakhs

The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....

(2.3) and Ugyhur

Uyghur people

The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...

s (2.5). The TFR for Russians in Kyrgyzstan is more than 60% higher than that in Russia and the TFR for Ukrainians is 100% higher than in Ukraine. TFR for Koreans in Kyrgyzstan is also very high compared to TFR of South Korea. Same is true for Germans.

Ethnic groups

According to the 1999 census, the ethnic composition of the population was as follows: Kyrgyz (Kara Kyrgyz) 64.9%, Uzbeks

Uzbeks

13.8%, Russians

Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....

12.5%, Dungans 1.1%, Ukrainians

Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...

1%, Ugyhurs

Uyghur people

The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...

1%, other 5.7%, including Koreans 0.4% and Germans

Germans

The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

0.4% (among them Low German-speaking Mennonites). Most Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Germans, and Koreans lived in northeast, especially around the city of Karakol

Karakol

Karakol , formerly Przhevalsk, is fourth largest city in Kyrgyzstan, near the eastern tip of Issyk Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan, about from the Kyrgyzstan-China border and from the capital Bishkek. It is the administrative capital of Issyk Kul Province...

. Most of the Dungans and Ugyhurs

Uyghur people

The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...

are found along the Chinese border. Most of the Tajiks and Uzbeks

Uzbeks

live in the south. The emigration of non-Turkic people to Russia

Russia

Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

, Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

, and Germany

Germany

is now negligible, in part because most of them left prior to 1999 and in part because Kyrgyzstan is the most tolerant Central Asian nation.

The table shows the ethnic composition of Kyrgyzstan's population according to all population censuses between 1926 and 2009. There has been a sharp decline in the European ethnic groups (Russians, Ukrainians, Germans) and also Tatars since independence (as captured in the 1989, 1999 and 2009 censuses).

**Population of Kyrgyzstan according to ethnic group 1926–2009**
Ethnic group	census 1926¹		census 1939²		census 1959³		census 1970⁴		census 1979⁵		census 1989⁶		census 1999⁷		census 2009⁸
Ethnic group	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Kyrgyz	661,171	66.6	754,323	51.7	836,831	40.5	1,284,773	43.8	1,687,382	47.9	2,229,663	52.4	3,128,147	64.9	3,804,800	70.9
Uzbeks Uzbeks The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China...	110,463	11.1	151,551	10.4	218,640	10.6	332,638	11.3	426,194	12.1	550,096	12.9	664,950	13.8	768,400	14.3
Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....	116,436	11.7	302,916	20.8	623,562	30.2	855,935	29.2	911,703	25.9	916,558	21.5	603,201	12.5	419,600	7.8
Dungans	6,004	0.6	5,921	0.4	11,088	0.5	19,837	0.7	26,661	0.8	36,928	0.9	51,766	1.1	58,400	1.1
Uygurs	7,540	0.8	9,412	0.6	13,757	0.7	24,872	0.8	29,817	0.8	36,779	0.9	46,944	1.0	48,500	0.9
Tajiks Tajiks Tajik is a general designation for a wide range of Persian-speaking people of Iranic origin, with traditional homelands in present-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan...	2,667	0.3	10,670	0.7	15,221	0.7	21,927	0.7	23,209	0.7	33,518	0.8	42,636	0.9	46,100	0.9
Turks	44	0.0	33	0.0	542	0.0	3,076	0.1	5,160	0.1	21,294	0.5	33,327	0.7	39,100	0.7
Kazakhs Kazakhs The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....	1,766	0.2	23,925	1.6	20,067	1.0	21,998	0.8	27,442	0.8	37,318	0.9	42,657	0.9	33,200	0.6
Tatars Tatars Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...	4,902	0.5	20,017	1.4	56,209	2.7	68,827	2.3	71,744	2.0	70,068	1.6	45,438	0.9	31,500	0.6
Ukrainians Ukrainians Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...	64,128	6.5	137,299	9.4	137,031	6.6	120,081	4.1	109,324	3.1	108,027	2.5	50,442	1.0	21,900	0.4
Koreans	9	0.0	508	0.0	3,622	0.2	9,404	0.3	14,481	0.4	18,355	0.4	19,784	0.4	17,300	0.3
Azeris	3,631	0.4	7,724	0.5	10,428	0.5	12,536	0.4	17,207	0.5	15,775	0.4	14,014	0.3	17,300	0.3
Germans Germans The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....	4,291	0.4	11,741	0.8	39,915	1.9	89,834	3.1	101,057	2.9	101,309	2.4	21,471	0.4	9,500	0.2
Kurds	-		1,490	0.1	4,783	0.2	7,974	0.3	9,544	0.3	14,262	0.3	-		-
Chechens	1	0.0	7	0.0	25,208	1.2	3,391	0.1	2,654	0.1	2,873	0.1	2,612	0.1	1,900	0.0
Belorussians	333	0.0	1,520	0.1	4,613	0.2	6,868	0.2	7,676	0.2	9,187	0.2	3,208	0.1	1,400	0.0
Jews Jews The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...	318	0.0	1,895	0.1	8,607	0.4	7,677	0.3	6,836	0.2	6,005	0.1	1,571	0.0	600	0.0
Others	9,300	0.9	17,261	1.2	35,713	1.7	41,157	1.4	44,741	1.3	49,740	1.2	50,770	1.1	43,300	0.8
Total	993,004		1,458,213		2,065,837		2,932,805		3,522,832		4,257,755		4,822,938		5,362,800
¹ Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_26.php. ² Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_39.php. ³ Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php. ⁴ Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php. ⁵ Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php. ⁶ Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php. ⁷ Source: http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/din.files/census/5010003.pdf. ⁸ Source: http://www.stat.kg/stat.files/tematika/демограф/Кыргызстан%20в%20цифрах/демо6.pdf

Languages

Kyrgyz

Kyrgyz language

Kyrgyz or Kirgiz, also Kirghiz, Kyrghiz, Qyrghiz is a Turkic language and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan...

- 64.7%, Uzbek

Uzbek language

Uzbek is a Turkic language and the official language of Uzbekistan. It has about 25.5 million native speakers, and it is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia...

- 13.6% Russian

Russian language

Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...

- 12.5%, Dungun

Dungan language

The Dungan language is a Sinitic language spoken by the Dungan of Central Asia, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China.-History:...

1%, other 8.2% (census 1999)

In March 1996, the Kyrgyzstani legislature amended the constitution to make Russian an official language, along with Kyrgyz, in territories and work places where Russian-speaking citizens predominate.

Religions

Muslim

A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

are 75%, Russian Orthodox are 20%, and other are 5% of the Population (1999 census).

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Data from CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15–64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.64 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate

Total 31.26 deaths/1,000 live births

Male 36.19 deaths/1,000 live births

Female 26.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:
69.43 years

male:
65.43 years

female:
73.64 years (2009 est.)

Literacy

definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98.7%

male:
99.3%

female:
98.1% (1999 census)

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