Demographics of Scotland - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

has a population of 5,222,100 (2010 estimate). Covering an area of 78782 square kilometres (30,417.9 sq mi), Scotland has a population density

Population density

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

of 65.6 /km2. Around 70% of the country's population

Population

A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...

live in the Central Lowlands

Central Belt

The Central Belt of Scotland is a common term used to describe the area of highest population density within Scotland. Despite the name, it is not geographically central but is nevertheless situated at the 'waist' of Scotland on a conventional map and the term 'central' is used in many local...

— a broad, fertile valley

Valley

In geology, a valley or dale is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. A very deep river valley may be called a canyon or gorge.The terms U-shaped and V-shaped are descriptive terms of geography to characterize the form of valleys...

stretching in a northeast-southwest orientation between the cities of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...

and Glasgow

Glasgow

Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...

, and including major settlements such as Paisley

Paisley

Paisley is the largest town in the historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland and serves as the administrative centre for the Renfrewshire council area...

, Stirling

Stirling

Stirling is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth...

, Falkirk

Falkirk

Falkirk is a town in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies in the Forth Valley, almost midway between the two most populous cities of Scotland; north-west of Edinburgh and north-east of Glasgow....

, Perth

Perth, Scotland

Perth is a town and former city and royal burgh in central Scotland. Located on the banks of the River Tay, it is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire...

and Dundee

Dundee

Dundee is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and the 39th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea...

. Other concentrations of population include the northeast coast of Scotland, principally the regions around the cities of Aberdeen

Aberdeen

Aberdeen is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 25th most populous city, with an official population estimate of ....

and Inverness

Inverness

Inverness is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland...

. The Highlands of Scotland have the lowest population density at 8 /km2. The City of Glasgow

Glasgow

Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...

has the highest population density at 3292 /km2.

Estimating the population of Scotland

Scotland

, as well as recording births, deaths and marriages in Scotland

Scotland

is overseen by the General Register Office for Scotland

General Register Office for Scotland

The General Register Office for Scotland was a non-ministerial directorate of the Scottish Government that administered the registration of births, deaths, marriages, divorces and adoptions in Scotland. It was also responsible for the statutes relating to the formalities of marriage and conduct...

(GROS), headed by the Registrar-General for Scotland. Under the terms of the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1965

Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1965

The Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages Act 1965, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which amended the existing legislation controlling the registration system of births, deaths and marriages in Scotland founded in 1855...

, the Registrar-General must present an annual report of demographic trends to Scottish Ministers (previously the Secretary of State for Scotland

Secretary of State for Scotland

The Secretary of State for Scotland is the principal minister of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom with responsibilities for Scotland. He heads the Scotland Office , a government department based in London and Edinburgh. The post was created soon after the Union of the Crowns, but was...

prior to devolution

Devolution

Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to government at a subnational level, such as a regional, local, or state level. Devolution can be mainly financial, e.g. giving areas a budget which was formerly administered by central government...

). In conjunction with the rest of the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

a decadal census

Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of population is carried out — the last one being 2011, the next taking place in 2021.

Population data

Total residents:

5,222,000 (2010 est)
5,194,000 (2009 est)
5,168,000 (2008 est)
5,144,000 (2007 est)
5,116,900 (2006 est)
5,094,800 (2005 est)
5,078,400 (2004 est)
5,057,400 (2003 est)
5,054,800 (2002 est)
5,062,011 (2001 est)
5,083,000 (1991 est)
5,180,200 (1981 est)
5,234,000 (1971 est)
5,201,000 (1961 est)

Figures from the decennial Census

Census

are as follows:

1801 1,608,420
1811 1,805,864
1821 2,091,521
1831 2,364,386
1841 2,620,184
1851 2,888,742
1861 3,062,294
1871 3,360,018
1881 3,735,573
1891 4,025,647
1901 4,472,103
1911 4,760,904
1921 4,882,497
1931 4,842,554
1951 5,096,000

According to the annual estimates of the GROS, in 2006, Scotland

Scotland

had a total resident population of 5,116,900 - an increase of 22,100 on the previous year and an increase of nearly 55,000 since mid-2002. The total population

Population

was split between 2,469,407 males and 2,647,693 females.

Vital statistics since 1900

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1900	4 437	131 401	82 296	49 105	29.6	18.5	11.1
1901	4 479	132 192	80 107	52 085	29.5	17.9	11.6
1902	4 507	132 267	77 941	54 326	29.4	17.3	12.0
1903	4 536	133 525	76 002	57 523	29.4	16.8	12.7
1904	4 564	132 603	77 981	54 622	29.1	17.1	12.0
1905	4 593	131 410	74 536	56 874	28.6	16.2	12.4
1906	4 621	132 005	75 635	56 370	28.6	16.4	12.2
1907	4 650	128 840	77 296	51 544	27.7	16.6	11.1
1908	4 680	131 362	77 838	53 524	28.1	16.6	11.4
1909	4 709	128 669	74 632	54 037	27.3	15.8	11.5
1910	4 739	124 059	72 268	51 791	26.2	15.2	11.0
1911	4 751	121 850	71 732	50 118	25.7	15.1	10.6
1912	4 741	122 790	72 340	50 450	25.9	15.3	10.6
1913	4 728	120 516	73 069	47 447	25.5	15.5	10.0
1914	4 747	123 934	73 557	50 377	26.1	15.5	10.6
1915	4 771	114 181	81 631	32 550	23.9	17.1	6.8
1916	4 795	109 942	70 640	39 302	22.9	14.7	8.2
1917	4 810	97 441	69 483	27 958	20.2	14.4	5.8
1918	4 812	98 554	78 372	20 182	20.5	16.3	4.2
1919	4 820	106 268	75 149	31 119	22.1	15.6	6.5
1920	4 864	136 546	68 179	68 367	28.1	14.0	14.1
1921	4 882	123 201	66 210	56 991	25.2	13.6	11.7
1922	4 898	115 085	72 905	42 180	23.5	14.9	8.6
1923	4 888	111 902	63 283	48 619	22.9	13.0	9.9
1924	4 862	106 900	70 357	36 543	22.0	14.5	7.5
1925	4 867	104 137	65 507	38 630	21.4	13.5	7.9
1926	4 864	102 449	63 780	38 669	21.1	13.1	7.9
1927	4 853	96 672	65 830	30 842	19.9	13.6	6.4
1928	4 848	96 822	65 271	31 551	20.0	13.5	6.5
1929	4 832	92 880	70 917	21 963	19.2	14.7	4.6
1930	4 828	94 549	64 285	30 264	19.6	13.3	6.3
1931	4 843	92 220	64 229	27 991	19.0	13.3	5.8
1932	4 883	91 000	66 045	24 955	18.6	13.5	5.1
1933	4 912	86 546	64 848	21 698	17.6	13.2	4.4
1934	4 934	88 836	63 741	25 095	18.0	12.9	5.1
1935	4 953	87 928	65 331	22 597	17.8	13.2	4.6
1936	4 966	88 928	66 749	22 179	17.9	13.4	4.5
1937	4 977	87 810	68 942	18 868	17.6	13.9	3.8
1938	4 993	88 627	62 953	25 674	17.8	12.6	5.1
1939	5 007	86 913	64 413	22 500	17.4	12.9	4.5
1940	5 065	86 392	72 775	13 617	17.1	14.9	2.2
1941	5 160	89 748	72 558	17 190	17.4	14.6	2.8
1942	5 174	90 703	64 963	25 740	17.5	13.2	4.3
1943	5 189	94 669	66 733	27 936	18.2	13.9	4.4
1944	5 210	95 920	64 603	31 317	18.4	13.5	4.9
1945	5 187	86 924	62 655	24 269	16.8	13.1	3.7
1946	5 167	104 413	64 605	39 808	20.2	13.0	7.2
1947	5 120	113 147	66 200	46 947	22.1	12.9	9.2
1948	5 150	100 344	60 979	39 365	19.5	11.8	7.6
1949	5 156	95 674	63 488	32 186	18.6	12.3	6.2
1950	5 168	92 530	63 996	28 534	17.9	12.4	5.5
1951	5 102	90 639	65 778	24 861	17.8	12.9	4.9
1952	5 101	90 422	61 510	28 912	17.7	12.1	5.7
1953	5 100	90 913	58 878	32 035	17.8	11.5	6.3
1954	5 104	92 315	61 380	30 935	18.1	12.0	6.1
1955	5 111	92 539	61 645	30 894	18.1	12.1	6.0
1956	5 120	95 313	61 792	33 521	18.6	12.1	6.5
1957	5 125	97 977	61 143	36 834	19.1	11.9	7.2
1958	5 141	99 481	62 065	37 416	19.4	12.1	7.3
1959	5 163	99 251	63 061	36 190	19.2	12.2	7.0
1960	5 178	101 292	61 764	39 528	19.6	11.9	7.6
1961	5 184	101 169	63 928	37 241	19.5	12.3	7.2
1962	5 198	104 334	63 189	41 145	20.1	12.2	7.9
1963	5 205	102 691	65 521	37 170	19.7	12.6	7.1
1964	5 209	104 355	61 039	43 316	20.0	11.7	8.3
1965	5 210	100 660	62 868	37 792	19.3	12.1	7.3
1966	5 201	96 536	63 689	32 847	18.6	12.2	6.3
1967	5 198	96 221	59 523	36 698	18.5	11.5	7.1
1968	5 200	94 786	63 311	31 475	18.2	12.2	6.1
1969	5 209	90 290	63 821	26 469	17.3	12.3	5.1
1970	5 215	87 335	63 640	23 695	16.7	12.2	4.5
1971	5 219	86 728	61 614	25 114	16.6	11.8	4.8
1972	5 223	78 550	65 017	13 533	15.0	12.4	2.6
1973	5 225	74 392	64 545	9 847	14.2	12.4	1.9
1974	5 226	70 093	64 740	5 353	13.4	12.4	1.0
1975	5 227	67 943	63 125	4 818	13.0	12.1	0.9
1976	5 227	64 895	65 253	- 358	12.4	12.5	-0.1
1977	5 226	62 342	62 294	48	11.9	11.9	0.0
1978	5 212	64 295	65 123	- 828	12.3	12.5	-0.2
1979	5 204	68 366	65 747	2 619	13.1	12.6	0.5
1980	5 194	68 892	63 299	5 593	13.3	12.2	1.1
1981	5 180	69 054	63 828	5 226	13.3	12.3	1.0
1982	5 165	66 196	65 022	1 174	12.8	12.6	0.2
1983	5 148	65 078	63 454	1 624	12.6	12.3	0.3
1984	5 139	65 106	62 345	2 761	12.7	12.1	0.5
1985	5 128	66 676	63 967	2 709	13.0	12.5	0.5
1986	5 112	65 812	63 467	2 345	12.9	12.4	0.5
1987	5 099	66 241	62 014	4 227	13.0	12.2	0.8
1988	5 077	66 212	61 957	4 255	13.0	12.2	0.8
1989	5 078	63 480	65 017	-1 537	12.5	12.8	-0.3
1990	5 081	65 973	61 527	4 446	13.0	12.1	0.9
1991	5 083	67 024	61 041	5 983	13.2	12.0	1.2
1992	5 086	65 789	60 937	4 852	12.9	12.0	1.0
1993	5 092	63 337	64 049	- 712	12.4	12.6	-0.1
1994	5 102	61 656	59 328	2 328	12.1	11.6	0.5
1995	5 104	60 051	60 500	- 449	11.8	11.9	-0.1
1996	5 092	59 296	60 654	-1 358	11.6	11.9	-0.3
1997	5 083	59 440	59 494	- 54	11.7	11.7	-0.0
1998	5 077	57 319	59 164	-1 845	11.3	11.7	-0.4
1999	5 072	55 147	60 281	-5 134	10.9	11.9	-1.0
2000	5 063	53 076	57 799	-4 723	10.5	11.4	-0.9
2001	5 064	52 527	57 380	-4 853	10.4	11.3	-1.0
2002	5 055	51 270	58 103	-6 833	10.1	11.5	-1.4
2003	5 057	52 432	58 472	-6 040	10.4	11.6	-1.2
2004	5 078	53 957	56 187	-2 230	10.6	11.1	-0.4
2005	5 095	54 386	55 747	-1 361	10.7	10.9	-0.3
2006	5 117	55 690	55 093	597	10.9	10.8	0.1
2007	5 144	57 781	55 986	1 795	11.2	10.9	0.3
2008	5 169	60 041	55 700	4 341	11.6	10.8	0.8
2009	5 194	59 046	53 856	5 190	11.4	10.4	1.0
2010	5 222	58 937	53 749	5 188	11.3	10.3	1.0

Population growth rate: 0.4% (2005 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female

total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 76.8 years

male: 74.2 years

female: 79.3 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.73 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Religions:

Christianity (74.9%): primarily Church of Scotland

Church of Scotland

The Church of Scotland, known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is a Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the Scottish Reformation....

(42.4%) and Roman Catholicism (15.9%), non-religious (27.5%), Islam (0.8%), others

Languages: English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

, Scots

Scots language

Scots is the Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster . It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Celtic language variety spoken in most of the western Highlands and in the Hebrides.Since there are no universally accepted...

(Doric

Doric dialect (Scotland)

Doric, the popular name for Mid Northern Scots or Northeast Scots, refers to the dialects of Scots spoken in the northeast of Scotland.-Nomenclature:...

, Central

Central Scots

Central Scots is a group of dialects of Scots language. It was spoken by Robert Burns.Central Scots is spoken from Fife and Perthshire to the Lothians and Wigtownshire, often split into North East Central Scots and South East Central Scots , West Central Scots and South West Central Scots ....

and Border

South Scots

Southern Scots is one of the names given to the dialect of Scots spoken in the Scottish Borders counties of mid and east Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire, with the notable exception of Berwickshire and Peeblesshire, which are, like Edinburgh, part of the SE Central Scots dialect area...

) and Gaelic

Scottish Gaelic language

Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish, and thus descends ultimately from Primitive Irish....

Ethnic Groups

White: 4,960,334 - 98.19%
Scottish: 4,459,071 - 88.09%
Other White British: 373,685 - 7.38%
Any other White background: 87,650 - 1.73%
White Irish: 49,428 - 0.98%
Mixed: 12,764 - 0.25%
South Asian: 55,007 - 1.09%
Pakistani: 31,793 - 0.63% (2008 estimates - 40,000 Pakistanis)
Indian: 15,037 - 0.30%
Bangladeshi: 1,981 - 0.04%
Other South Asian: 6,196 - 0.12%
Black: 8,025 - 0.16%
African: 5,118 - 0.10%
Caribbean: 1,778 - 0.04%
Other Black: 1,129 - 0.02%
Chinese: 16,310 - 0.32%

Marriages: 32,154 (2004 est.)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 99% (2005 est)

Nationality
noun

Scot(s)

adjective

Scottish, Scots
Scottish people
The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...

Population projections

Since the census of 2001, the Scottish Government and leading academics in Scotland

Scotland

have expressed concern over the falling number of births in Scotland and the ageing

Ageing

Ageing or aging is the accumulation of changes in a person over time. Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some dimensions of ageing grow and expand over time, while others decline...

and decline of the population which has occurred over recent decades. Scotland's population reached its peak in the mid-1970s, and has slowly declined since that time to its current total of 5.1m. The major reason is seen to be emigration from Scotland

Scotland

- particularly to the rest of the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

- although recent years have seen that trend reversed with significant immigration to Scotland

Scotland

from the rest of the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=552&id=452972005. Similarly, since 2004 there has been a large influx of arrivals from the new EU accession states such as Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

, Czech Republic

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....

, Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...

and Latvia

Latvia

Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...

, contributing to the recent growth of the population. Since 1997 Scotland has generally experienced a natural decrease in population, with an excess of deaths over births. In 2004, for example, there were 4012 more deaths than births, although for the last five years this process has been reversed with 4342 more births than deaths in 2008.

Compounding the problem of a declining and ageing population, Scotland

Scotland

is experiencing falling fertility

Fertility

Fertility is the natural capability of producing offsprings. As a measure, "fertility rate" is the number of children born per couple, person or population. Fertility differs from fecundity, which is defined as the potential for reproduction...

and birth

Birth

Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring. The offspring is brought forth from the mother. The time of human birth is defined as the time at which the fetus comes out of the mother's womb into the world...

rates - a feature common to much of Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. The ageing population sees the large numbers of people born in the post war period (1950s and 1960s) approach retirement. A common fear amongst commentators is the strain this could impose on the nation's resources, with a smaller working population being insufficient to support a high number of retirees and dependents.

In 2002, according to the GROS, the number of live births in Scotland was the lowest ever recorded, at 51,270. This has however steadily risen, with 53,957 births recorded in 2004 and in 2008 the number of live births was 60,041.http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/2009/births-increase-for-the-sixth-consecutive-year.html

The Scottish Executive

Scottish Executive

The Scottish Government is the executive arm of the devolved government of Scotland. It was established in 1999 as the Scottish Executive, from the extant Scottish Office, and the term Scottish Executive remains its legal name under the Scotland Act 1998...

has responded to these demographic trends by setting up the Fresh Talent - Working in Scotland Scheme

Fresh Talent - Working in Scotland Scheme

The Fresh Talent – Working in Scotland Scheme was a UK immigration scheme which was launched to deal with problems of population decline and skill shortages in Scotland. It ended on 29 June 2008, when it was replaced by Tier 1...

open to foreign (non-EU) graduates from Scotland's universities allowing them a 2 year residency period after graduation

Graduation

Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an academic degree or the ceremony that is sometimes associated, where students become Graduates. Before the graduation, candidates are referred to as Graduands. The date of graduation is often called degree day. The graduation itself is also...

.http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/Promoting-Scotland/18738/14640

Within Scotland itself there is significant regional variation in patterns of population growth

Population growth

Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time" for measurement....

, with areas such as Aberdeenshire

Aberdeenshire

Aberdeenshire is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area.The present day Aberdeenshire council area does not include the City of Aberdeen, now a separate council area, from which its name derives. Together, the modern council area and the city formed historic...

(1.1%), Edinburgh

Edinburgh

(0.9%), Clackmannanshire

Clackmannanshire

Clackmannanshire, often abbreviated to Clacks is a local government council area in Scotland, and a lieutenancy area, bordering Perth and Kinross, Stirling and Fife.As Scotland's smallest historic county, it is often nicknamed 'The Wee County'....

(0.8%) Falkirk

Falkirk

(1.1%), Perth and Kinross

Perth and Kinross

Perth and Kinross is one of 32 council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire, Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas. Perth is the administrative centre...

(0.6%) and West Lothian

West Lothian

West Lothian is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and South Lanarkshire....

(0.6%) seeing the largest increases in population between 2004 and 2005. Conversely Aberdeen City (-0.5%), West Dunbartonshire

West Dunbartonshire

West Dunbartonshire is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland. Bordering onto the west of the City of Glasgow, containing many of Glasgow's commuter towns and villages as well as the city's suburbs, West Dunbartonshire also borders onto Argyll and Bute, Stirling, East...

(-0.6%) and East Dunbartonshire

East Dunbartonshire

This article is about the East Dunbartonshire council area of Scotland. See also East Dunbartonshire .East Dunbartonshire is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders onto the north-west of the City of Glasgow. It contains many of the suburbs of Glasgow as well as containing many of...

(-0.6%) have seen the largest falls in population. The Highlands have also seen a significant rise in population

Population

over recent years, compared with the last 200 years, in which the area lost large volumes of people, due to persistently high rates of (forced

Highland Clearances

The Highland Clearances were forced displacements of the population of the Scottish Highlands during the 18th and 19th centuries. They led to mass emigration to the sea coast, the Scottish Lowlands, and the North American colonies...

) emigration

Emigration

Emigration is the act of leaving one's country or region to settle in another. It is the same as immigration but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state is termed migration. There are many reasons why people...

particularly to places such as Canada

Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

, the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, Australia

Australia

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

and New Zealand

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

.

In December 2005, the GROS published a series of population projections which showed that Scotland's population was projected to rise between then and the year 2038, with both the numbers of births and deaths expected to drop. Immigration

Immigration

Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...

was projected to remain steady, positive and constant.http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/popproj/04population-projections/main-points.html

In January 2008, the GROS figures predicted that Scotland's population would rise to 5.54 million by 2033. Edinburgh's population could rise by 18%, while most other large Scottish cities would suffer a decline.

Council Area Population Estimates

Area Population Estimates in Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

(2005)
Local Council Area	Population (2001)	Population Estimates (2005)	% change 2004 – 2005
Aberdeen City Aberdeen City Council Aberdeen City Council represents the Aberdeen City council area of Scotland.The council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. Act 1994...	212,125	202,370	−0.5
Aberdeenshire Aberdeenshire Aberdeenshire is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area.The present day Aberdeenshire council area does not include the City of Aberdeen, now a separate council area, from which its name derives. Together, the modern council area and the city formed historic...	226,871	235,440	+1.1
Angus Angus Angus is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City...	108,400	109,170	+0.6
Argyll and Bute Argyll and Bute Argyll and Bute is both one of 32 unitary council areas; and a Lieutenancy area in Scotland. The administrative centre for the council area is located in Lochgilphead.Argyll and Bute covers the second largest administrative area of any Scottish council...	112,097	90,870	−0.4
Clackmannanshire Clackmannanshire Clackmannanshire, often abbreviated to Clacks is a local government council area in Scotland, and a lieutenancy area, bordering Perth and Kinross, Stirling and Fife.As Scotland's smallest historic county, it is often nicknamed 'The Wee County'....	48,077	48,630	+0.8
Dumfries and Galloway Dumfries and Galloway Dumfries and Galloway is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland. It was one of the nine administrative 'regions' of mainland Scotland created in 1975 by the Local Government etc. Act 1973...	147,765	148,340	+0.3
Dundee City Politics of Dundee Politics in the Dundee City council area are evident in the deliberations and decisions of Dundee City Council, in elections to the council, and in elections to the Scottish Parliament and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .In the European Parliament, the city area is...	142,170	145,663	+0.2
East Ayrshire East Ayrshire East Ayrshire is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders on to North Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, South Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway...	120,235	119,400	−0.3
East Dunbartonshire East Dunbartonshire This article is about the East Dunbartonshire council area of Scotland. See also East Dunbartonshire .East Dunbartonshire is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders onto the north-west of the City of Glasgow. It contains many of the suburbs of Glasgow as well as containing many of...	108,243	105,960	−0.6
East Lothian East Lothian East Lothian is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Scottish Borders and Midlothian. Its administrative centre is Haddington, although its largest town is Musselburgh....	90,088	91,800	+0.2
East Renfrewshire East Renfrewshire East Renfrewshire is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. Until 1975 it formed part of the county of Renfrewshire for local government purposes along with the modern council areas of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde...	89,311	89,600	0.0
	448,624	457,830	+0.9
Eilean Siar	26,502	26,370	+0.4
Falkirk Falkirk Falkirk is a town in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies in the Forth Valley, almost midway between the two most populous cities of Scotland; north-west of Edinburgh and north-east of Glasgow....	145,191	149,150	+1.1
Fife Fife Fife is a council area and former county of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire...	349,429	356,470	+0.6
Glasgow City Politics of Glasgow Politics in Glasgow, Scotland, is evident in the deliberations and decisions of the city council of Glasgow , in elections to the council, and in elections to the Scottish Parliament and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .In the European Parliament, the city area is...	577,869	578,790	+0.2
Highland	208,914	213,590	+1.1
Inverclyde Inverclyde Inverclyde is one of 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland. Together with the Renfrewshire and East Renfrewshire council areas, Inverclyde forms part of the historic county of Renfrewshire - which current exists as a registration county and lieutenancy area - located in the west...	84,203	82,130	−0.4
Midlothian Midlothian Midlothian is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It borders the Scottish Borders, East Lothian and the City of Edinburgh council areas....	80,941	79,190	−0.5
Moray Moray Moray is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland.- History :...	86,940	88,120	+0.5
North Ayrshire North Ayrshire North Ayrshire is one of 32 council areas in Scotland with a population of roughly 136,000 people. It is located in the south-west region of Scotland, and borders the areas of Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire to the north-east and East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire to the East and South...	135,817	135,830	−0.1
North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire is one of 32 council areas in Scotland. It borders onto the northeast of the City of Glasgow and contains much of Glasgow's suburbs and commuter towns and villages. It also borders Stirling, Falkirk, East Dunbartonshire, West Lothian and South Lanarkshire...	321,067	323,420	+0.2
Orkney Islands Orkney Islands Orkney also known as the Orkney Islands , is an archipelago in northern Scotland, situated north of the coast of Caithness...	19,245	19,590	+0.5
Perth and Kinross Perth and Kinross Perth and Kinross is one of 32 council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. It borders onto the Aberdeenshire, Angus, Dundee City, Fife, Clackmannanshire, Stirling, Argyll and Bute and Highland council areas. Perth is the administrative centre...	134,949	138,400	+0.6
Renfrewshire Renfrewshire Renfrewshire is one of 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland. Located in the west central Lowlands, it is one of three council areas contained within the boundaries of the historic county of Renfrewshire, the others being Inverclyde to the west and East Renfrewshire to the east...	172,867	170,000	−0.4
Scottish Borders Scottish Borders The Scottish Borders is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the non-metropolitan counties of Northumberland...	106,764	109,730	+0.4
Shetland Islands Shetland Islands Shetland is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies north and east of mainland Great Britain. The islands lie some to the northeast of Orkney and southeast of the Faroe Islands and form part of the division between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The total...	21,988	22,000	+0.3
South Ayrshire South Ayrshire South Ayrshire is one of 32 council areas of Scotland, covering the southern part of Ayrshire. It borders onto East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway....	112,097	111,780	−0.1
South Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland, covering the southern part of the former county of Lanarkshire. It borders the south-east of the city of Glasgow and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns and smaller villages....	302,216	306,280	+0.3
Stirling Stirling (council area) Stirling is one of the 32 unitary local government council areas of Scotland, and has a population of about 87,000 . It was created under the Local Government etc Act 1994 with the boundaries of the Stirling district of the former Central local government region, and it covers most of the former...	86,212	86,930	+0.6
West Dunbartonshire West Dunbartonshire West Dunbartonshire is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland. Bordering onto the west of the City of Glasgow, containing many of Glasgow's commuter towns and villages as well as the city's suburbs, West Dunbartonshire also borders onto Argyll and Bute, Stirling, East...	93,378	91,400	−0.6
West Lothian West Lothian West Lothian is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and South Lanarkshire....	158,714	163,780	+0.6

Higher education

95% of Scottish higher education

Higher education

Higher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...

students study in universities in Scotland.

External links

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