Dibba Al-Hisn
Encyclopedia
Dibba Al-Hisn is an enclave of the emirate
of Al-Sharjah, one of the seven of the United Arab Emirates
. It is bordered by the Gulf of Oman
from the East, Dibba Al-Baya
from the North, and Dibba Al-Fujairah
from the South. It is also geographically part of the Dibba
region. It is the smallest in size among the other Dibbas. It is mostly known for the its fish market and the ancient fortress, where it got its name from. Also known for its high density population relative to the other Dibbas.
built a fort and a wall around the city.http://www.colonialvoyage.com/persfortdoba.html In August 1648, the Arabs besieged Muscat, Oman
and on October 31, 1648 a treaty was signed between the two opponents. The terms were as follows: the Portuguese should build the fortress of Kuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn and Matrah
(Oman). http://www.colonialvoyage.com/hormuz.html
Note: There have been land disputes between Dibba Al-Hisn and Dibba Al-Baya
but these were resolved in the 1990s
.
Emirate
An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Muslim monarch styled emir.-Etymology:Etymologically emirate or amirate is the quality, dignity, office or territorial competence of any emir ....
of Al-Sharjah, one of the seven of the United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
. It is bordered by the Gulf of Oman
Gulf of Oman
The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman is a strait that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It is generally included as a branch of the Persian Gulf, not as an arm of the Arabian Sea. On the north coast is Pakistan and Iran...
from the East, Dibba Al-Baya
Dibba Al-Baya
Dibba Al-Baya is geographically part of the Dibba region. It is a district or a wilaya in the governorate or the muhafazah of Musandam part of the Sultanate of Oman, on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula....
from the North, and Dibba Al-Fujairah
Dibba Al-Fujairah
Dibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
from the South. It is also geographically part of the Dibba
Dibba
Dibba , sometimes spelled Diba or Daba, is a coastal region at the northeastern tip of the United Arab Emirates/Oman peninsula on the Gulf of Oman...
region. It is the smallest in size among the other Dibbas. It is mostly known for the its fish market and the ancient fortress, where it got its name from. Also known for its high density population relative to the other Dibbas.
Pre-Islamic Period
- Dibba Al-Hisn has been an important site of maritime trade and settlement since the pre-Islamic eraPre-Islamic ArabiaPre-Islamic Arabia refers to the Arabic civilization which existed in the Arabian Plate before the rise of Islam in the 630s. The study of Pre-Islamic Arabia is important to Islamic studies as it provides the context for the development of Islam.-Studies:...
. Although there is slight information, mainly from tombs, of settlement during the later 2nd millennium and early first millennium BC, contemporary with such sites as Shimal, Tell Abraq and Rumeilah, and of scattered occupation during the period of al-Dur and MileihaMileihaMileiha is a village in the United Arab Emirates and the location of archaeological remnants dating from the Neolithic to pre-Islamic Arabia....
, it is in the period just prior to and after the coming of Islam that it is heard most about Dibba. Under the SasaniansSassanid EmpireThe Sassanid Empire , known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr and Ērān in Middle Persian and resulting in the New Persian terms Iranshahr and Iran , was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty from 224 to 651...
and their Omani clients the Al-Juland, an important market existed at Dibba. Dibba was sometimes the capital of Oman. According to Ibn Habib, 'merchants from SindhSindhSindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
, India, China, people of the East and West came to it'.
Islamic Period
- (632 -633 AD) Soon after the death of Prophet MuhammadMuhammadMuhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
, a rebellion broke out at Dibba and a faction of the AzdAzdThe Azd or Al Azd, are an Arabian tribe. They were a branch of the Kahlan tribe, which was one of the two branches of Qahtan the other being Himyar.In the ancient times, they inhabited Ma'rib, the capital city of the Sabaean Kingdom in modern-day Yemen...
, led by Laqit bin Malik, nicknamed "Thu at-Taj ذو التاج" means "The Crowned", rejected Islam by refusing to pay the ZakatZakatZakāt , one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is the giving of a fixed portion of one's wealth to charity, generally to the poor and needy.-History:Zakat, a practice initiated by Muhammed himself, has played an important role throughout Islamic history...
; the Islamic principle of giving a percentage of one's income to charity. Since Zakat is one of the five pillars of IslamFive Pillars of IslamThe Pillars of Islam are basic concepts and duties for accepting the religion for the Muslims.The Shi'i and Sunni both agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts, but the Shi'a do not refer to them by the same name .-Pillars of Shia:According to Shia Islam, the...
, those have committed an act of Ridda (apostasyApostasyApostasy , 'a defection or revolt', from ἀπό, apo, 'away, apart', στάσις, stasis, 'stand, 'standing') is the formal disaffiliation from or abandonment or renunciation of a religion by a person. One who commits apostasy is known as an apostate. These terms have a pejorative implication in everyday...
), according to Islamic beliefs. Laqit was killed by an envoy of the caliph Abu BakrAbu BakrAbu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
, in accordance to one tradition, in what may have been a relatively small struggle, while other sources, including Al-TabariMuhammad ibn Jarir al-TabariAbu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari was a prominent and influential Sunni scholar and exegete of the Qur'an from Persia...
, say that at least 10,000 rebels were killed in one of the biggest battles of the Ridda warsRidda warsThe Ridda wars , also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns against the rebellion of several Arabian tribes launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, after prophet Muhammad died....
(حروب الردة). The plain behind the Omani part of Dibba, Dibba Al-BayaDibba Al-BayaDibba Al-Baya is geographically part of the Dibba region. It is a district or a wilaya in the governorate or the muhafazah of Musandam part of the Sultanate of Oman, on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula....
, still contains a large cemetery which, according to local tradition, represents the fallen apostates of Dibba (Al-Murtaddeen المرتدين).
- During the time of the Abbasid caliphCaliphThe Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
Al Mu'tadidAl-Mu'tadidAl-Mu'tadid was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 892 to 902. As the son and heir of the powerful vizier and virtual regent Al-Muwaffaq , Mu'tadid was already in possession of supreme power even before he was appointed Caliph, and continued as Caliph to ably administer the Government...
(870 - 892 AD), a great battle was fought at Dibba during the conquest of Oman by the Abbasid governor of Iraq and Bahrain, Muhammad bin Nur.
Portuguese occupation (1624 - 1648 AD)
Dibba Al-Hisn believed to be the site where the Portuguese during the Iberian UnionIberian Union
The Iberian union was a political unit that governed all of the Iberian Peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640, through a dynastic union between the monarchies of Portugal and Spain after the War of the Portuguese Succession...
built a fort and a wall around the city.http://www.colonialvoyage.com/persfortdoba.html In August 1648, the Arabs besieged Muscat, Oman
Muscat, Oman
Muscat is the capital of Oman. It is also the seat of government and largest city in the Governorate of Muscat. As of 2008, the population of the Muscat metropolitan area was 1,090,797. The metropolitan area spans approximately and includes six provinces called wilayats...
and on October 31, 1648 a treaty was signed between the two opponents. The terms were as follows: the Portuguese should build the fortress of Kuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn and Matrah
Matrah
Muttrah, population 150,000 , is a city located in the Muscat province of Oman. Before the discovery of oil, Muttrah was the center of commerce in Oman. It is still a center of commerce as one of largest sea ports of the region is located there...
(Oman). http://www.colonialvoyage.com/hormuz.html
List of Rulers of Dibba
- Under a Hakim
- Sheikh Ahmad ibn Sultan al-Qasimi (1871–1883).
- Sheikh Rashid ibn Ahmad al-Qasimi (1883–1937) with:
- Sheikh Khalid II ibn Ahmad al-Qasimi (1903–1924)
- Sheikh Ahmad ibn Rashid al-Qasimi (1937–1951)
- reincorporated into Sharjah
Note: There have been land disputes between Dibba Al-Hisn and Dibba Al-Baya
Dibba Al-Baya
Dibba Al-Baya is geographically part of the Dibba region. It is a district or a wilaya in the governorate or the muhafazah of Musandam part of the Sultanate of Oman, on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula....
but these were resolved in the 1990s
1990s
File:1990s decade montage.png|From left, clockwise: The Hubble Space Telescope floats in space after it was taken up in 1990; American F-16s and F-15s fly over burning oil fields and the USA Lexie in Operation Desert Storm, also known as the 1991 Gulf War; The signing of the Oslo Accords on...
.
- This timeline states events related to DibbaDibbaDibba , sometimes spelled Diba or Daba, is a coastal region at the northeastern tip of the United Arab Emirates/Oman peninsula on the Gulf of Oman...
of UAE; Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
and Dibba Al-Hisn.- June 3, 1973: Former UAE president Sheikh Zayed began an inspection tour of the Northern Emirates including Ras al-KhaimahRas al-KhaimahRas al-Khaimah is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates , in the east of the Persian Gulf. It is in the northern part of the UAE bordering Oman's exclave. The capital city and home of most residents is also called Ras al-Khaimah. The city has a population of 263,217 as of 2008. The city...
, Al-RamsAr-ramsAl Hayr is a settlement in Ras al-Khaimah. It is about 25 km to the north of Ras al-Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates. It is a major historical town, which was the scene of many battles against the British. Ar-rams has around 2500 residents, most of whom are from the al Tunaiji tribe....
, Dibba Al-Hisn, Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
, Khor FakkanKhor FakkanKhor Fakkan is a town located along the Gulf of Oman on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates . The town is set on the picturesque bay of Khor Fakkan, which means "Creek of Two Jaws". Khor Fakkan belongs to the emirate of Sharjah but is geographically surrounded by the emirate of Fujairah...
, FujairahFujairahFujairah is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, and the only one on the Gulf of Oman in the country's east instead of Persian Gulf .-History:...
, and MasafiMasafiMasafi is a village located on the edge of the Hajar Mountains in the United Arab Emirates. It developed along the old unpaved road which ran from Fujairah to Dubai via Sharjah. It was a trading post and refuelling stop for 4x4 vehicles and camel trains that plied the route before the modern...
. - September 10, 1974: Mohammad Khalifa Al Kindi signed a AEDUnited Arab Emirates dirhamThe dirham is the currency of the United Arab Emirates. The ISO 4217 code for the United Arab Emirates dirham is AED. Unofficial abbreviations include DH or Dhs. The dirham is subdivided into 100 ....
52 million contract for the construction and surfacing of the road between Khor FakkanKhor FakkanKhor Fakkan is a town located along the Gulf of Oman on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates . The town is set on the picturesque bay of Khor Fakkan, which means "Creek of Two Jaws". Khor Fakkan belongs to the emirate of Sharjah but is geographically surrounded by the emirate of Fujairah...
and Dibba; the E99E 99 (UAE)E99 is a UAE road along the eastern coast connecting the two cities of Dibba Al-Fujairah and Khor Fakkan....
road. - June 9, 1975: The Ministry of Communication in a memorandum asked the Supereme Council of the Federation for the authority to supervise transportation, the control of air space in all airports and all agreements made with airline companies in all the emirates. The Council of Ministers approved the construction of the highway between Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
and MasafiMasafiMasafi is a village located on the edge of the Hajar Mountains in the United Arab Emirates. It developed along the old unpaved road which ran from Fujairah to Dubai via Sharjah. It was a trading post and refuelling stop for 4x4 vehicles and camel trains that plied the route before the modern...
at a cost of AED 94.5 Million. - July 23, 1976: Sheikh Zayed visited FujairahFujairahFujairah is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, and the only one on the Gulf of Oman in the country's east instead of Persian Gulf .-History:...
. He also inspected the new Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
- Khor FakkanKhor FakkanKhor Fakkan is a town located along the Gulf of Oman on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates . The town is set on the picturesque bay of Khor Fakkan, which means "Creek of Two Jaws". Khor Fakkan belongs to the emirate of Sharjah but is geographically surrounded by the emirate of Fujairah...
highway project; the E99 road. and visited Falaj Al-MuallaFalaj Ibn Mu'allaFalaj Al Mu'alla is the name of a settlement in Umm al Qawain....
village. - January 19, 1977: The Federal Council of Misniters approved a number of projects costing AED 56 million including water distribution in AjmanAjmanAjman , also spelt Ujman, is one of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates . With an area of just 260 square kilometres , Ajman is the smallest emirate by area...
and Dibba. - January 10, 1978: Sultan bin Mohamed Al-QasimiSultan bin Mohamed Al-QasimiSheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Al-Qasimi III is a member of the Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates and current ruler of the Sharjah emirate...
opened the wharfWharfA wharf or quay is a structure on the shore of a harbor where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.Such a structure includes one or more berths , and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships.A wharf commonly comprises a fixed...
at Dibba Al-Hisn which can accommodate 80 fishing boats. Part of the port will be used as ships berths - February 7, 1978: The Ministry of Water and Electricity announced that the east coast from Dibba to Fujairah had been connected through an electrical feeder station.
- January 11, 1979: The AED 14 million electrical plant in Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
was opened by Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi. - May 27, 1980: Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al MaktoumRashid bin Saeed Al MaktoumHH The Emir Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum was the Vice-President and Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and Emir of Dubai...
ordered the immediate commencement of the 100-bed extension to the Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
and Khor FakkanKhor FakkanKhor Fakkan is a town located along the Gulf of Oman on the east coast of the United Arab Emirates . The town is set on the picturesque bay of Khor Fakkan, which means "Creek of Two Jaws". Khor Fakkan belongs to the emirate of Sharjah but is geographically surrounded by the emirate of Fujairah...
hospitals. - November 19, 1980: Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed Al Sharqi laid the foundation stone for the AED 350 million FujairahFujairahFujairah is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, and the only one on the Gulf of Oman in the country's east instead of Persian Gulf .-History:...
Cement Factory in Dibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-FujairahDibba Al-Fujairah is a name of a settlement in the emirate of Fujairah located on the North east part of the United Arab Emirates. It is geographically part of the Dibba region. Dibba is considered to be the 2nd largest city in the emirate of Fujairah...
.
- June 3, 1973: Former UAE president Sheikh Zayed began an inspection tour of the Northern Emirates including Ras al-Khaimah
Sports
- Dibba Al-Hisn Sports ClubDibba Al-Hisn Sports ClubDibba Al-Hisn Sports Club is a sports club located in the city of Dibba Al-Hisn in the United Arab Emirates. The club was established in 1980.Dibba Al-Hisn Sports Club is a sports club located in the city of Dibba Al-Hisn in the United Arab Emirates...
Universities
A branch of the Community College of the University of SharjahUniversity of Sharjah
The University of Sharjah is a semi-governmental higher educational institution. Its founder, Supreme President and Chairman is the Ruler of Sharjah Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohamed Al-Qasimi himself. Founded 1997, the University of Sharjah aims to meet the Emirate of Sharjah's educational and...
https://www.sharjah.ac.ae is available in Dibba Al-Hisn.
Transportation
- Dibba Al-Hisn can be accessed from one road through UAE and two roads from MusandamMusandamMusandam Governorate is a governorate of Oman.Geographically, the Musandam peninsula juts into the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow entry into the Persian Gulf, from the Arabian Peninsula. The Musandam peninsula is an exclave of Oman, separated from the rest of the country by the United Arab Emirates...
(Oman). - No airports are available in Dibba Al-Hisn due to its small size. There is an airstrip in Dibba Al-BayaDibba AirportDibba Airport is an unpaved airfield or airstrip located in Dibba Al-Baya, the Omani part of Dibba....
for transportation to Musandam. - Taxi service is available. There is a provision for metered taxi service to be provided from the Emirate of Sharjah.