Digital pattern generator
Encyclopedia
A digital pattern generator is a piece of electronic test equipment or software used to generate digital electronics stimuli. Digital electronics stimuli are a specific kind of electrical waveform varying between two conventional voltages that correspond to two logic states (‘low state’ and ‘high state’, ‘0’ and ‘1’). The main purpose of a digital pattern generator is to stimulate the inputs of a digital electronic device. For that reason, the voltage levels generated by a digital pattern generator are often compatible with digital electronics I/O standards – TTL, LVTTL, LVCMOS
and LVDS, for instance.
Digital pattern generators are sometimes referred to as ‘pulse generator’ or ‘pulse pattern generator’ which may be able to function as digital pattern generators as well. Hence, the distinction between the two types of equipments may not be clear. A digital pattern generator is a source of synchronous digital stimulus; the generated signal is interesting for testing digital electronics at logic level - this is why they are also called 'logic source'. A pulse generator is of purpose to generate electrical pulse of different shapes; they are mostly used for tests at an electrical or analog level.
Another common name for such equipment is 'digital logic source' or 'logic source'.
Digital pattern generator can produce either repetitive, or single-shot signals in which case some kind of triggering source is required (internal or external).
Stand-alone units are self-contained devices that include everything from the user interface to define the patterns that should be generated to the electronic that actually generates the output signal.
Some test equipment manufacturers propose pattern generators as add-on modules for logic analyzers (see for example the PG3A module for Tektronix' TLA7000 series of logic analyzers). In this case, the pattern generator is the 'generation counterpart' to the analysis functionality offered by logic analyzers.
PC-based digital pattern generators are connected to a PC through peripheral ports such as PCI, USB and/or Ethernet (see for example the 'Wave Generator Xpress' from Byte Paradigm, connected through USB). They use the PC as user interface for defining and storing the digital patterns to be sent.
Most digital pattern generator add features such as the ability to generate a repetitive sequence or a digital clock signal at a specified frequency, the ability to use an external clock input and triggering options, to start pattern generation upon the reception of an event from an external input.
or HDMI
.
LVCMOS
Low Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor is a low voltage class of CMOS technology integrated circuits.To obtain better performance and lower costs, semiconductor manufacturers reduce the device geometries of integrated circuits...
and LVDS, for instance.
Digital pattern generators are sometimes referred to as ‘pulse generator’ or ‘pulse pattern generator’ which may be able to function as digital pattern generators as well. Hence, the distinction between the two types of equipments may not be clear. A digital pattern generator is a source of synchronous digital stimulus; the generated signal is interesting for testing digital electronics at logic level - this is why they are also called 'logic source'. A pulse generator is of purpose to generate electrical pulse of different shapes; they are mostly used for tests at an electrical or analog level.
Another common name for such equipment is 'digital logic source' or 'logic source'.
Digital pattern generator can produce either repetitive, or single-shot signals in which case some kind of triggering source is required (internal or external).
Types of digital pattern generators
Digital pattern generators are today available as stand-alone units, add-on hardware modules for other equipment such as a [logic analyzer] or as PC-based equipment.Stand-alone units are self-contained devices that include everything from the user interface to define the patterns that should be generated to the electronic that actually generates the output signal.
Some test equipment manufacturers propose pattern generators as add-on modules for logic analyzers (see for example the PG3A module for Tektronix' TLA7000 series of logic analyzers). In this case, the pattern generator is the 'generation counterpart' to the analysis functionality offered by logic analyzers.
PC-based digital pattern generators are connected to a PC through peripheral ports such as PCI, USB and/or Ethernet (see for example the 'Wave Generator Xpress' from Byte Paradigm, connected through USB). They use the PC as user interface for defining and storing the digital patterns to be sent.
Features
Digital pattern generators are primarily characterized by a number of digital channels, a maximum rate and the supported voltage standards.- The number of digital channels defines the maximum width of any pattern generated - typically, 8-bits, 16-bits, 32 bits pattern generator. A 16-bits pattern generator is able to generate arbitrary digital samples on from 1 to 16 bits.
- The maximum rate defines the minimum time interval between 2 successive patterns. For instance, a 50 MHz (50 MSample/s) digital pattern generator is able to output a new pattern every 20 nanoseconds.
- The supported voltage standards ultimately define the set of electronic devices a digital pattern generator can be used with. Concretely, the voltages and the transition characteristics of the signal at the output of the digital pattern generator will be compliant to these voltage standards. Examples of supported voltage standards: TTLTTLTTL may refer to:* Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor, a state-owned manufacturer of cigarettes and alcohol in Taiwan* Through-the-lens metering, a feature of cameras capable of measuring light levels in a scene through their lens...
, LVTTL, LVCMOSLVCMOSLow Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor is a low voltage class of CMOS technology integrated circuits.To obtain better performance and lower costs, semiconductor manufacturers reduce the device geometries of integrated circuits...
, LVDS.
Most digital pattern generator add features such as the ability to generate a repetitive sequence or a digital clock signal at a specified frequency, the ability to use an external clock input and triggering options, to start pattern generation upon the reception of an event from an external input.
Common applications
- Digital electronics and embedded systemEmbedded systemAn embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system. often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal...
testing and debugging - Stimulation of digital signal processingDigital signal processingDigital signal processing is concerned with the representation of discrete time signals by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals. Digital signal processing and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing...
hardware - Digital-to-analog converterDigital-to-analog converterIn electronics, a digital-to-analog converter is a device that converts a digital code to an analog signal . An analog-to-digital converter performs the reverse operation...
stimulation
Special purpose digital pattern generators
Video digital pattern generators are digital pattern generators dedicated to the generation of a specific test pattern in a specific digital video format such as DVIDigital Visual Interface
The Digital Visual Interface is a video interface standard covering the transmission of video between a source device and a display device. The DVI standard has achieved widespread acceptance in the PC industry, both in desktop PCs and monitors...
or HDMI
High-Definition Multimedia Interface
HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. It is a digital alternative to consumer analog standards, such as radio frequency coaxial cable, composite video, S-Video, SCART, component video, D-Terminal, or VGA...
.
Manufacturers of digital pattern generators
- Agilent
- Berkeley Nucleonics
- Byte Paradigm
- ChromaChromaChroma, the Greek word for color, may refer to:* Colorfulness or chroma, the perceived intensity of a specific color* Chrominance or chroma, one of the two components of a television signal* Chroma, a measure of color purity in the Munsell color system...
- National InstrumentsNational InstrumentsNational Instruments Corporation, or NI , is an American company with over 5,000 employees and direct operations in 41 countries. Headquartered in Austin, Texas, it is a producer of automated test equipment and virtual instrumentation software...
- TektronixTektronixTektronix, Inc. is an American company best known for its test and measurement equipment such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment. In November 2007, Tektronix became a subsidiary of Danaher Corporation....
- The Moving Pixel Company
External links
- Example of 'stand-alone digital pattern generator'
- Example of 'PC-based digital pattern generator'
- Example of 'add-on module digital pattern generator'
Sources
- Witte, Robert A.: "Electronic Test Instruments: Analog and Digital Measurements, 2nd Edition", Prentice Hall, 2002
- Leens, F. : "The Digital Pattern Generator - An essential instrument for digital system development", Byte Paradigm, 2010 White Paper