Discalced Augustinians
Encyclopedia
The reform movement of Roman Catholic religious order
s, which occurred as part of the Counterreformation developing in Catholic Europe, also found sympathy among the friar
s of the Augustinian Order. As the order to which Martin Luther
belonged, there was a special interest among them in the theological
debates of the day, as well as a need to retun to the roots of their way of life.
In an effort to seek a more simple and spiritual life, various friars banded together and followed a pattern seen in other mendicant orders
, in which simplicity of dress and a stricter form of a life of prayer
and penance
were embraced. Among the Augustinians, there also was an effort to return to the eremetical
origins of their Order. As with the Carmelite reform of the same period, these friars came to be known by their practice of wearing sandals, as opposed to shoes (thus the term discalced or barefoot), in an effort to live more like the poor.
This reform was approved by the 100th General Chapter
of the Augustinian friars, which was held during May 1592 at the Friary of St. Augustine in Rome
, motherhouse
of the entire Order. The new branch which thus developed was approved by the Vatican
as a separate Order in 1610.
Their current motherhouse
is in Rome. As of A.D. 2009, they numbered 222 friars, of which 123 were priests, and served at 27 parishes located in Italy
, Brazil
and the Philippines
. They use the postnominal initials of O.A.D. to identify themselves.
Roman Catholic religious order
Catholic religious orders are, historically, a category of Catholic religious institutes.Subcategories are canons regular ; monastics ; mendicants Catholic religious orders are, historically, a category of Catholic religious institutes.Subcategories are canons regular (canons and canonesses regular...
s, which occurred as part of the Counterreformation developing in Catholic Europe, also found sympathy among the friar
Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders.-Friars and monks:...
s of the Augustinian Order. As the order to which Martin Luther
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517...
belonged, there was a special interest among them in the theological
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
debates of the day, as well as a need to retun to the roots of their way of life.
In an effort to seek a more simple and spiritual life, various friars banded together and followed a pattern seen in other mendicant orders
Mendicant Orders
The mendicant orders are religious orders which depend directly on the charity of the people for their livelihood. In principle, they do not own property, either individually or collectively , believing that this was the most pure way of life to copy followed by Jesus Christ, in order that all...
, in which simplicity of dress and a stricter form of a life of prayer
Prayer
Prayer is a form of religious practice that seeks to activate a volitional rapport to a deity through deliberate practice. Prayer may be either individual or communal and take place in public or in private. It may involve the use of words or song. When language is used, prayer may take the form of...
and penance
Penance
Penance is repentance of sins as well as the proper name of the Roman Catholic, Orthodox Christian, and Anglican Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation/Confession. It also plays a part in non-sacramental confession among Lutherans and other Protestants...
were embraced. Among the Augustinians, there also was an effort to return to the eremetical
Hermit
A hermit is a person who lives, to some degree, in seclusion from society.In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Christian who lives the eremitic life out of a religious conviction, namely the Desert Theology of the Old Testament .In the...
origins of their Order. As with the Carmelite reform of the same period, these friars came to be known by their practice of wearing sandals, as opposed to shoes (thus the term discalced or barefoot), in an effort to live more like the poor.
This reform was approved by the 100th General Chapter
Chapter (religion)
Chapter designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Nordic Lutheran churches....
of the Augustinian friars, which was held during May 1592 at the Friary of St. Augustine in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, motherhouse
Motherhouse
The term motherhouse is used by religious Orders and religious congregations to designate the principal house or community for that group. It can be either for the entire institute or for a region....
of the entire Order. The new branch which thus developed was approved by the Vatican
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
as a separate Order in 1610.
Their current motherhouse
Motherhouse
The term motherhouse is used by religious Orders and religious congregations to designate the principal house or community for that group. It can be either for the entire institute or for a region....
is in Rome. As of A.D. 2009, they numbered 222 friars, of which 123 were priests, and served at 27 parishes located in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
and the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. They use the postnominal initials of O.A.D. to identify themselves.