Divinylbenzene
Encyclopedia
Divinylbenzene consists of a benzene
ring bonded
to two vinyl
groups. It is related to styrene (vinylbenzene) by the addition of a second vinyl group. Divinylbenzene, as it is usually encountered, is a 2:1 mixture of m- and p-divinylbenzene, containing also the corresponding ethylvinylbenzene isomers. It is manufactured by the thermal dehydrogenation
of isomeric diethylbenzenes. Under synthesis conditions, o-divinylbenzene converts to naphthalene
and thus is not a component of the usual mixtures of DVB.
in polyester resin
s. Styrene and divinylbenzene react together to form the copolymer styrene-divinylbenzene, S-DVB or Sty-DVB. The resulting cross-link
ed polymer is mainly used for the production of ion exchange resin
.
Density is 0.914 g/mL
Divinylbenzene can exist in the form of 3 structural isomer
s that differ with respect to the positioning of the vinyl groups.
These compounds are systematically
called as diethenylbenzene, although this nomenclature is rarely encountered.
Benzene
Benzene is an organic chemical compound. It is composed of 6 carbon atoms in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom, with the molecular formula C6H6....
ring bonded
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction...
to two vinyl
Vinyl
A vinyl compound is any organic compound that contains a vinyl group ,which are derivatives of ethene, CH2=CH2, with one hydrogen atom replaced with some other group...
groups. It is related to styrene (vinylbenzene) by the addition of a second vinyl group. Divinylbenzene, as it is usually encountered, is a 2:1 mixture of m- and p-divinylbenzene, containing also the corresponding ethylvinylbenzene isomers. It is manufactured by the thermal dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of hydrogen . It is the reverse process of hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation reactions may be either large scale industrial processes or smaller scale laboratory procedures....
of isomeric diethylbenzenes. Under synthesis conditions, o-divinylbenzene converts to naphthalene
Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings...
and thus is not a component of the usual mixtures of DVB.
Applications
When reacted together with styrene, divinylbenzene can be used as a reactive monomerMonomer
A monomer is an atom or a small molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer; the term "monomeric protein" may also be used to describe one of the proteins making up a multiprotein complex...
in polyester resin
Polyester resin
Polyester resins are unsaturated resins formed by the reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols. Polyester resins are used in sheet moulding compound, bulk moulding compound and the toner of laser printers...
s. Styrene and divinylbenzene react together to form the copolymer styrene-divinylbenzene, S-DVB or Sty-DVB. The resulting cross-link
Cross-link
Cross-links are bonds that link one polymer chain to another. They can be covalent bonds or ionic bonds. "Polymer chains" can refer to synthetic polymers or natural polymers . When the term "cross-linking" is used in the synthetic polymer science field, it usually refers to the use of...
ed polymer is mainly used for the production of ion exchange resin
Ion exchange resin
An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is an insoluble matrix normally in the form of small beads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate. The material has highly developed structure of pores on the surface of which are sites with easily trapped and...
.
Density is 0.914 g/mL
Nomenclature
See also: Arene substitution patternsArene substitution patterns
Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon.- Ortho, meta, and para substitution :...
Divinylbenzene can exist in the form of 3 structural isomer
Isomer
In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical...
s that differ with respect to the positioning of the vinyl groups.
- Ortho: variously known as 1,2-diethenylbenzene, 1,2-divinylbenzene, o-vinylstyrene, o-divinylbenzene
- Meta: known as 1,3-diethenylbenzene, 1,3-divinylbenzene, m-vinylstyrene, m-divinylbenzene
- Para: known as 1,4-diethenylbenzene, 1,4-divinylbenzene, p-vinylstyrene, p-divinylbenzene.
These compounds are systematically
IUPAC nomenclature
A chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds. The nomenclature used most frequently worldwide is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ....
called as diethenylbenzene, although this nomenclature is rarely encountered.