Dokyo
Encyclopedia
was a Nara Period
Japanese
monk of the Dharma character school
. As he was born in the family of Yuge, in the lineage of the Mononobe clan, Dōkyō was also known as . He was the brother of Yuge no Kiyoto.
(today Yao, Osaka
), in his youth Dōkyō became the disciple of the monk Gien and learned Sanskrit
from Rōben
. In addition, it was said that Dōkyō acquired the mysterious spells of Esoteric Buddhism while studying in the mountains of Yamato Province
.
After serving as a nursing monk, in 761 he cured the illness of the then Empress Kōken
(later Empress Shotoku). This earned him her political support. He was appointed Shosozu in 763 and Daijin zenji in 765. In the next year he was promoted to Hō-ō (法王; king of the dharma
). With these offices he advanced political measures based on the philosophy of Buddhism
. He obtained a divine proclamation from the Shinto
god Hachiman
at the Usa Shrine
in Buzen Province
stating "Dōkyō is to be the next Emperor." But his coronation plan failed after Fujiwara no Momokawa
sent Wake no Kiyomaro
to get a new divine proclamation that rejected the first one. Angry at the new proclamation, he had Wake no Kiyomaro sent into exile. After Empress Shotoku died in 770, Dōkyō fell from power. He was sent to Shimotsuke Province
(today Tochigi Prefecture
) and died there. On April 7, 772, a report of his death came to the capital.
In a temple
in Minamikawachi
, Tochigi
, there is a tomb that is believed to be the grave of Dōkyō.
Nara period
The of the history of Japan covers the years from AD 710 to 794. Empress Gemmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō . Except for 5 years , when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kammu established a new capital, Nagaoka-kyō, in 784...
Japanese
Japanese people
The are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries...
monk of the Dharma character school
Dharma character school
East Asian Yogācāra refers to the traditions in East Asia which represent the Indian Yogācāra system of thought. It is a school of Buddhism originating in China. In China, it is known as Wéishí-zōng , or Fǎxiàng-zōng...
. As he was born in the family of Yuge, in the lineage of the Mononobe clan, Dōkyō was also known as . He was the brother of Yuge no Kiyoto.
Background
Born in Wakaegun, Kawachi ProvinceKawachi Province
was a province of Japan in the eastern part of modern Osaka Prefecture. It originally held the southwestern area that was split off into Izumi Province...
(today Yao, Osaka
Yao, Osaka
is a city in Osaka, Japan.As of 2009, the city has an estimated population of 271,454 and the density of 6,510 persons per km². The total area is 41.71 km².Yao is home to a general aviation airport, Yao Airport.The city was founded on April 1, 1948....
), in his youth Dōkyō became the disciple of the monk Gien and learned Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
from Rōben
Roben
, also known as Ryōben, was a Japanese Buddhist monk of the Kegon sect, and clerical founder of the Tōdai-ji temple in Nara, Japan. He is popularly known as the ....
. In addition, it was said that Dōkyō acquired the mysterious spells of Esoteric Buddhism while studying in the mountains of Yamato Province
Yamato Province
was a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. It was also called . At first, the name was written with one different character , and for about ten years after 737, this was revised to use more desirable characters . The final revision was made in...
.
After serving as a nursing monk, in 761 he cured the illness of the then Empress Kōken
Empress Koken
, also known as , was the 46th and the 48th emperor of Japan respectively, according to the traditional order of succession. Empress Kōken first reigned from 749 to 758, then she reascended the throne as Empress Shōtoku from 765 until her death in 770....
(later Empress Shotoku). This earned him her political support. He was appointed Shosozu in 763 and Daijin zenji in 765. In the next year he was promoted to Hō-ō (法王; king of the dharma
Dharma
Dharma means Law or Natural Law and is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and religion. In the context of Hinduism, it refers to one's personal obligations, calling and duties, and a Hindu's dharma is affected by the person's age, caste, class, occupation, and gender...
). With these offices he advanced political measures based on the philosophy of Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
. He obtained a divine proclamation from the Shinto
Shinto
or Shintoism, also kami-no-michi, is the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. It is a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past. Shinto practices were first recorded and codified in the written...
god Hachiman
Hachiman
In Japanese mythology, is the Japanese syncretic god of archery and war, incorporating elements from both Shinto and Buddhism. Although often called the god of war, he is more correctly defined as the tutelary god of warriors. He is also divine protector of Japan and the Japanese people...
at the Usa Shrine
Usa Shrine
, also known as , is a Shinto shrine in the city of Usa in Ōita Prefecture in Japan. Emperor Ojin, who was deified as Hachiman-jin , is said to be enshrined in all the sites dedicated to him; and the first and earliest of these was at Usa in the early 8th century...
in Buzen Province
Buzen Province
was an old province of Japan in northern Kyūshū in the area of Fukuoka Prefecture and Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called , with Bungo Province. Buzen bordered on Bungo and Chikuzen Provinces....
stating "Dōkyō is to be the next Emperor." But his coronation plan failed after Fujiwara no Momokawa
Fujiwara no Momokawa
was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Nara period. His original name was .-Career at court:He was a minister during the reigns of Empress Kōken/Shōtoku and Emperor Kōnin....
sent Wake no Kiyomaro
Wake no Kiyomaro
was a high-ranking Japanese official during the Nara period. He was born in Bizen Province to a family of politically important, devoted Buddhists who hoped to keep Buddhism and politics separate through religious reform...
to get a new divine proclamation that rejected the first one. Angry at the new proclamation, he had Wake no Kiyomaro sent into exile. After Empress Shotoku died in 770, Dōkyō fell from power. He was sent to Shimotsuke Province
Shimotsuke Province
is an old province of Japan in the area of Tochigi Prefecture in the Kanto region. It was sometimes called or .The ancient capital of the province was near the city of Tochigi, but in feudal times the main center of the province was near the modern capital, Utsunomiya.-History:Different parts of...
(today Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the Kantō region on the island of Honshū, Japan. The capital is the city of Utsunomiya.Nikkō, whose ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples UNESCO has recognized by naming them a World Heritage Site, is in this prefecture...
) and died there. On April 7, 772, a report of his death came to the capital.
In a temple
Temple
A temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur. It has the same root as the word "template," a plan in preparation of the building that was marked out...
in Minamikawachi
Minamikawachi, Tochigi
Minamikawachi was a town located in Kawachi District, Tochigi, Japan.On January 10, 2006 Minamikawachi was merged with the towns of Ishibashi and Kokubunji, both from Shimotsuga District, to form the new city of Shimotsuke....
, Tochigi
Tochigi Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the Kantō region on the island of Honshū, Japan. The capital is the city of Utsunomiya.Nikkō, whose ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples UNESCO has recognized by naming them a World Heritage Site, is in this prefecture...
, there is a tomb that is believed to be the grave of Dōkyō.