Kawachi Province
Encyclopedia
was a province
of Japan
in the eastern part of modern Osaka Prefecture
. It originally held the southwestern area that was split off into Izumi Province
. It was also known as .
Under Dōkyō
's administration, was established, taking the name of ; moreover, in 769 the office of Kawachi kokushi was abolished, and the special administration structure of was established. With the downfall of Dōkyō, the prior system was restored the following year.
, but this is not known for certain. It may have been moved during the Nara period
(both locations would still be within modern Fujiidera). However, in the Shūgaishō, the capital was in Ōagata District. In the Setsuyōshū
, Tanboku District was mentioned as the seat.
It seems that there was no office of shugo
before the Jōkyū War
. It is unknown where the original shugo's residence was, but afterwards, it transferred to the Tannan, Furuichi, Wakae, and Takaya areas.
for monks was constructed in the Tenpyō
era; they were at modern Kokubuhiganjō in Kashiwara
, but they went out of use in sometime around the Nanboku-chō Period. Similarly, one for nuns was also near the same place, but it seems that it was in ruin by the Heian Period
.
Hiraoka jinja was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Kawachi province.
The shrine is located in Higashiōsaka. In addition, Katano Shrine in Hirakata
, is labelled the , but this may be a mixup where what was once the primary shrine for the Katano township was confused for the primary shrine of Kawachi.
The secondary shrine
is said to have been Onji Shrine. However, just having the second most influence in Kawachi Province doesn't necessarily mean it was a secondary shrine in the shrine system. That it is called the secondary shrine is also a recent innovation.
There were no lower-level shrines.
The sōja was Shiki-Agatanushi Shrine; there is a theory that this shrine was moved to where the sōja's land was, and another theory that it came to be the sōja due to its proximity to the capital.
; Kizuri in Higashiōsaka was, in ancient times, one of their strongholds.
Tsuboi in Habikino
became a stronghold of the warrior family that was the Minamoto clan
(i.e., the Kawachi Genji
). The likes of Hachimantarō Yoshiie
who made vassals out of the samurai of the eastern provinces, his father Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
, and Yoshiyori's father Minamoto no Yorinobu
's tomb of three generations is even now close to the Tsūhō-ji remains that was the Kawachi Genji's family temple. Minamoto no Yoritomo
(who founded the Kamakura shogunate
) was a descendant of these Kawachi Genji.
Near the end of the Kamakura Period
, Kusunoki Masashige
and his household, being a powerful clan of southern Kawachi, rose up in defiance of the shogunate; barricaded in the Shimo Akasaka, Kami Akasaka, and Chihaya
castles, he baffled the Kamakura shogunal armies. With the direct imperial rule of Kemmu
, Kusunoki was appointed as both kokushi and shugo
.
opposed Emperor Go-Daigo
, and Kawachi became a hotspot for battles; Kusunoki Masashige's eldest son Kusunoki Masatsura
was killed in action at the battle of Shijō Nawate
.
With the advent of the Muromachi Period
, the post of Kawachi shugo
fell to one of the three kanrei
, of the Hatakeyama clan
; Hatakeyama Mitsuie and Hatakeyama Mochikuni continued this, making what should have been a dynasty of sorts, but in dispute over Mochikuni's family headship, the adopted Hatakeyama Masanaga
and the begotten Hatakeyama Yoshinari
quarreled, and as Kawachi became the background for that feud, it fell to waste.
Masanaga was attacked at by Hosokawa Masamoto
and Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo, but his son Hisayoshi was in Kishū
attempting to recoup for another attack; finally, they succeeded in making a comeback as the shugo of Kawachi and Kishū, and Hisayoshi's son Tanenaga ultimately managed to destroy Yoshihide of Yoshinari's line, once again consolidating the house of Hatakeyama. However, through all this, Kawachi had been the battleground, and had essentially been reduced to scorched earth
.
By the Sengoku Period
, the consolidated Kawachi was the asset of Hatakeyama Tanenaga, but the real power was imbued in the shugodai
, a title that passed into the hands of Yusa Naganori: the shugo
came to be reduced to a mere figurehead. Moreover, the kanrei
house of Hosokawa
continued to face internal strife; in addition to the Hosokawa inheritance dispute between Takakuni
, Sumimoto
, and Sumiyuki, the son of Sumimoto (the victor of that conflict) Harumoto
attacked and overthrew the shugodai in Sakai who played an active role in the Hosokawa clan's internal strife, Miyoshi Motonaga.
The bakufu, which was an asset for Harumoto, had been preserved, but Miyoshi's son Nagayoshi proceeded to the capital from Awa
; while he accepting a wife from the shugodai of Kawachi who had the de facto power (Yusa Naganori) and received other such favors of power, in subordination to Harumoto, but not in subordination to the wishes of Harumoto, he played an active role in such things as attacking Kizawa Nagamasa
in Takaida (in modern Kashiwara
, Osaka
).
However, being in opposition later on, Nagayoshi would fight his father's cousin in Harumoto's faction, Miyoshi Masanaga
, in dispute over Kawachi Jū Nana Kasho at places like Enami Castle, going on to break down Harumoto's controlled political power; the shogun was reduced to a figurehead and along with seizing the real power of the bakufu, he transferred the stronghold from Akutagawa Mountain Castle in Settsu
to Iimori Mountain Castle in Kawachi (Shijōnawate
, Osaka
).
But even Nagayoshi had to pass away at the age of 42, and afterwards retainers were in conflict (the Miyoshi triumvirate and Matsunaga Hisahide
), making a battleground of Kawachi and Yamato
. The event that finally closed the period and these conflicts was Oda Nobunaga
's procession to the capital.
, and that of the southern half to Hatakeyama Akitaka (his son-in-law). However, they both fell in the conflicts around the Genki
era, and control of Kawachi fell to Oda's chief vassal Sakuma Nobumori
. But even Nobumori would later be shunned and banished by Nobunaga.
When Oda died in the Incident at Honnō-ji, Hashiba Hideyoshi
, who attacked Akechi Mitsuhide
at the battle of Yamazaki
, as a result of the Kiyosu Conference, came to control the province.
Hideyoshi came to rule all Japan, and when Osaka Castle
was built, Wakae Castle, which had once been an important spot in Kawachi, became derelict.
After the death of Hideyoshi, the Battle of Sekigahara
ensued, and Tokugawa Ieyasu
became ruler of all Japan: the Seii Taishōgun
; he opened his bakufu, but as Kawachi was Toyotomi Hideyori
's fiefdom, it was not entered into the bakuhan taisei.
When Tokugawa Ieyasu and Toyotomi Hideyori had their showdown at the Siege of Osaka
, Kawachi also became a battleground. This fight had a winter and a summer campaign, but since the winter campaign was a battle around Osaka Castle, Kawachi was not a war location then. The aspect of the summer campaign was completely turned about, and the outer moat of Osaka Castle was buried, leaving the castle exposed; the Osaka side judged a siege defense to be impossible, and intercepted Tokugawa's side going from Kyoto to Osaka in the field. Therefore, fights occurred at various places in Kawachi, it being between Kyoto and Osaka. The primary battles that developed were the Battle of Dōmyōji
(Gotō Matabee
vs. Date Masamune
, Matsudaira Tadateru
, and Mizuno Katsunari; Sanada Yukimura
, Kitagawa Nobukatsu, and Susukida Kanesuke vs. Date Masamune, Matsudaira Tadateru, and Mizuno Katsunari) and the battle of Yao and Wakae (Kimura Shigenari
vs. Ii Naotaka
; Chōsokabe Morichika
vs. Tōdō Takatora
).
, Kawachi was dotted with tenryō as well as hatamoto
. As for daimyo
, there were only two: the Hōjō
of Sayama Domain
and the Takagi of Tannan Domain. In addition, the Inaba
of Yodo Domain
had many territories.
Provinces of Japan
Before the modern prefecture system was established, the land of Japan was divided into tens of kuni , usually known in English as provinces. Each province was divided into gun ....
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
in the eastern part of modern Osaka Prefecture
Osaka Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshū, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Osaka. It is the center of Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area.- History :...
. It originally held the southwestern area that was split off into Izumi Province
Izumi Province
was a province of Japan. It is also referred to as . It lay in Kinai, and its area today composes the south-western part of Osaka Prefecture . The Ōshōji in Sakai was the border with Settsu Province, until the beginning of the Meiji period, when the boundary was changed to be at the Yamato River...
. It was also known as .
Chiku
Kawachi was divided into three : , , and .- The northern county comprised the modern HirakataHirakata, Osakais a city located in north-eastern Osaka, Japan, near the prefectural borders of Nara and Kyoto. It is renowned for its chrysanthemum doll exhibition, as well as Hirakata Park — an amusement park featuring five roller coasters....
, NeyagawaNeyagawa, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 238,549 and the density of 9,650 persons per km². The total area is 24.73 km².The city was founded on May 3, 1951....
, KadomaKadoma, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 128,034 and the density of 10,430 persons per km². The total area is 12.28 km²....
, MoriguchiMoriguchi, Osakais a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan which serves as a satellite town to Osaka.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 146,524 and the density of 11,510 persons per km²...
, ShijōnawateShijonawate, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of August 1, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 57,437 and the density of 3,065 persons per km². The total area is 18.74 km².The city was founded on July 1, 1970.-Railways:*West Japan Railway Company...
, DaitōDaito, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.-Railways:*West Japan Railway Company**Katamachi Line Suminodo Station - Nozaki Station - Shijonawate Station-Education:...
, and KatanoKatano, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 77,680 and the density of 3,040 persons per km². The total area is 25.55 km².The city was founded on November 3, 1971.-Railways:*Keihan Electric Railway...
, OsakaOsaka Prefectureis a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshū, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Osaka. It is the center of Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area.- History :...
areas. - The central county comprised the modern Higashiōsaka, YaoYao, Osakais a city in Osaka, Japan.As of 2009, the city has an estimated population of 271,454 and the density of 6,510 persons per km². The total area is 41.71 km².Yao is home to a general aviation airport, Yao Airport.The city was founded on April 1, 1948....
, and KashiwaraKashiwara, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 74,892 and the density of 2,950 persons per km². The total area is 25.39 km².The city was founded on October 1, 1958.-Location:...
, Osaka areas. - The southern county comprised the modern SakaiSakai, Osakais a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the Medieval era.Following the February 2005 annexation of the town of Mihara, from Minamikawachi District, the city has grown further and is now the fourteenth most populous city in...
's eastern part (all of Higashi-kuHigashi-ku, Sakaiis a ward of the city of Sakai in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 10.48 km² and a population of 85,263. The population density is 8,136 per square kilometer. The name means "East Ward."...
and Mihara-kuMihara-ku, Sakaiis a ward of the city of Sakai in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 13.24 km² and a population of 39,230. The population density is 2,960 per square kilometer....
, and part of Kita-kuKita-ku, Sakaiis a ward of the city of Sakai in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The ward has an area of 15.58 km² and a population of 154,846. The population density is 9,945 per square kilometer. The name means "North Ward."...
), MatsubaraMatsubara, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan. The city was founded on February 1, 1955.Hannan University is located in Matsubara. Hannan University is a mid-sized liberal arts university with a focus on business and technology.-Adjacent municipalities:*Osaka...
, HabikinoHabikino, Osakais a city located in eastern Osaka, Japan. It is particularly well-known for its grape production, as well as the many ancient burial mounds that dot its landscape.-Within Japan: Kameyama, Mie Gose, Nara...
, FujiideraFujiidera, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.-History:In 1959 the townships of Fujiidera-cho and Domyoji-cho merged to create Fujiidera-Domyoji-cho. A year later, the town was renamed Misasagi-cho...
, TondabayashiTondabayashi, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 120,483 and the density of 3,040 persons per km². The total area is 39.66 km².The city was founded on April 1, 1950....
, KawachinaganoKawachinagano, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 112,696 and the density of 1,030 persons per km². The total area is 109.61 km².The city was founded on April 1, 1954.-Claims to fame:...
, ŌsakasayamaOsakasayama, Osakais a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 58,172 and the density of 4,900 persons per km². The total area is 11.86 km²....
, and Minamikawachi DistrictMinamikawachi District, OsakaMinamikawachi is a district located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2009, the district has an estimated population of 37,695 and a density of 491 persons per km²...
areas.
Development
Kawachi province was established in the 7th century. On 11 May 716, the Ōtori, Izumi, and Hine districts were split off to form . In December 720, the and districts were combined to become . On 15 September 740, Izumi Province was merged back in. On 30 May 757, that area was again separated to form Izumi Province (this time with the normal kuni designation).Under Dōkyō
Dokyo
was a Nara Period Japanese monk of the Dharma character school. As he was born in the family of Yuge, in the lineage of the Mononobe clan, Dōkyō was also known as . He was the brother of Yuge no Kiyoto.-Background:...
's administration, was established, taking the name of ; moreover, in 769 the office of Kawachi kokushi was abolished, and the special administration structure of was established. With the downfall of Dōkyō, the prior system was restored the following year.
Capital
The provincial capital was in Shiki District, which is believed to have been at in FujiideraFujiidera, Osaka
is a city located in Osaka, Japan.-History:In 1959 the townships of Fujiidera-cho and Domyoji-cho merged to create Fujiidera-Domyoji-cho. A year later, the town was renamed Misasagi-cho...
, but this is not known for certain. It may have been moved during the Nara period
Nara period
The of the history of Japan covers the years from AD 710 to 794. Empress Gemmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō . Except for 5 years , when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kammu established a new capital, Nagaoka-kyō, in 784...
(both locations would still be within modern Fujiidera). However, in the Shūgaishō, the capital was in Ōagata District. In the Setsuyōshū
Setsuyoshu
The was a popular Muromachi Period Japanese dictionary collated in iroha order and subdivided into semantic categories. The title word setsuyō means "reduce usage; economize" and alludes to the Lunyu...
, Tanboku District was mentioned as the seat.
It seems that there was no office of shugo
Shugo
was a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
before the Jōkyū War
Jokyu War
', also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthrow....
. It is unknown where the original shugo's residence was, but afterwards, it transferred to the Tannan, Furuichi, Wakae, and Takaya areas.
Temples
A provincial templeProvincial temple
Emperor Shōmu of Japan established so-called provincial temples in each province of Japan...
for monks was constructed in the Tenpyō
Tenpyo
, also romanized as Tempyō, was a after Jinki and before Tenpyō-kanpō. This period spanned the years from August 729 through April 749. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
era; they were at modern Kokubuhiganjō in Kashiwara
Kashiwara, Osaka
is a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 74,892 and the density of 2,950 persons per km². The total area is 25.39 km².The city was founded on October 1, 1958.-Location:...
, but they went out of use in sometime around the Nanboku-chō Period. Similarly, one for nuns was also near the same place, but it seems that it was in ruin by the Heian Period
Heian period
The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
.
Hiraoka jinja was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Kawachi province.
The shrine is located in Higashiōsaka. In addition, Katano Shrine in Hirakata
Hirakata, Osaka
is a city located in north-eastern Osaka, Japan, near the prefectural borders of Nara and Kyoto. It is renowned for its chrysanthemum doll exhibition, as well as Hirakata Park — an amusement park featuring five roller coasters....
, is labelled the , but this may be a mixup where what was once the primary shrine for the Katano township was confused for the primary shrine of Kawachi.
The secondary shrine
Ninomiya
Ninomiya is a Japanese name. It is usually spelled or and can be translated to "second shrine".Ninomiya is the name of several places:*Ninomiya, Tochigi*Ninomiya, KanagawaNinomiya is a popular Japanese surname, and may refer to:...
is said to have been Onji Shrine. However, just having the second most influence in Kawachi Province doesn't necessarily mean it was a secondary shrine in the shrine system. That it is called the secondary shrine is also a recent innovation.
There were no lower-level shrines.
The sōja was Shiki-Agatanushi Shrine; there is a theory that this shrine was moved to where the sōja's land was, and another theory that it came to be the sōja due to its proximity to the capital.
Ancient – Kamakura Period
The province of Kawachi was once the power of the Mononobe clanMononobe clan
The was a Japanese clan of the Kofun period, known for its military opposition to the Soga clan. The Mononobe were opposed to the spread of Buddhism, not on religious grounds, but more so as the result of feelings of conservatism and a degree of xenophobia...
; Kizuri in Higashiōsaka was, in ancient times, one of their strongholds.
Tsuboi in Habikino
Habikino, Osaka
is a city located in eastern Osaka, Japan. It is particularly well-known for its grape production, as well as the many ancient burial mounds that dot its landscape.-Within Japan: Kameyama, Mie Gose, Nara...
became a stronghold of the warrior family that was the Minamoto clan
Minamoto clan
was one of the surnames bestowed by the Emperors of Japan upon members of the imperial family who were demoted into the ranks of the nobility. The practice was most prevalent during the Heian Period , although its last occurrence was during the Sengoku Era. The Taira were another such offshoot of...
(i.e., the Kawachi Genji
Kawachi Genji
The Kawachi Genji were members of a family line within that of the Seiwa Genji, which in turn was one of several branches of the Minamoto clan, one the most famous noble clans in Japanese history...
). The likes of Hachimantarō Yoshiie
Minamoto no Yoshiie
Minamoto no Yoshiie , also known as Hachimantarō, was a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period, and Chinjufu shogun...
who made vassals out of the samurai of the eastern provinces, his father Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
was a head of Japan's Minamoto clan who is perhaps most notable for having led, along with his son Minamoto no Yoshiie, the Imperial forces against rebellious forces in the north...
, and Yoshiyori's father Minamoto no Yorinobu
Minamoto no Yorinobu
was a samurai commander and member of the powerful Minamoto clan. He was the son of Minamoto no Mitsunaka . Along with his brother Yorimitsu, Yorinobu served the regents of the Fujiwara clan, taking the violent measures the Fujiwara were themselves unable to take. He held the title, passed down...
's tomb of three generations is even now close to the Tsūhō-ji remains that was the Kawachi Genji's family temple. Minamoto no Yoritomo
Minamoto no Yoritomo
was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan. He ruled from 1192 until 1199.-Early life and exile :Yoritomo was the third son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, heir of the Minamoto clan, and his official wife, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori, who was a member of the...
(who founded the Kamakura shogunate
Kamakura shogunate
The Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...
) was a descendant of these Kawachi Genji.
Near the end of the Kamakura Period
Kamakura period
The is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo....
, Kusunoki Masashige
Kusunoki Masashige
was a 14th century samurai who fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in his attempt to wrest rulership of Japan away from the Kamakura shogunate and is remembered as the ideal of samurai loyalty.-Tactician:...
and his household, being a powerful clan of southern Kawachi, rose up in defiance of the shogunate; barricaded in the Shimo Akasaka, Kami Akasaka, and Chihaya
Chihaya Castle
was a Japanese castle, constructed in 1332 by Kusunoki Masashige. Consisting primarily of wooden and earthworks defenses, Chihaya stands as a keen example of fortress design of Japan's Nanboku-chō period...
castles, he baffled the Kamakura shogunal armies. With the direct imperial rule of Kemmu
Kemmu
was a Japanese era name of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Shōkei and before Ryakuō. Although Kemmu is understood by the Southern Court as having begun at the same time, the era was construed to have begun after Genkō and before Engen.This period spanned the...
, Kusunoki was appointed as both kokushi and shugo
Shugo
was a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
.
Muromachi Period
The Nanboku-chō Period arrived as Ashikaga TakaujiAshikaga Takauji
was the founder and first shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate. His rule began in 1338, beginning the Muromachi period of Japan, and ended with his death in 1358...
opposed Emperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo was the 96th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession....
, and Kawachi became a hotspot for battles; Kusunoki Masashige's eldest son Kusunoki Masatsura
Kusunoki Masatsura
, along with his father Masashige and brother Masanori, was a supporter of the Southern Imperial Court during Japan's Nanbokucho Wars.Masatsura was one of the primary military leaders who revived the Southern Court in the 1340s...
was killed in action at the battle of Shijō Nawate
Battle of Shijo Nawate
The 1348 Battle of Shijōnawate was a battle of the Nanboku-chō period of Japanese history, and took place in Yoshinoko, Japan. It was fought between the armies of the Northern and Southern Emperors of Japan. The Southern army, led by Kusunoki Masatsura was attacked at Yoshino, the temporary palace...
.
With the advent of the Muromachi Period
Muromachi period
The is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate, which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi shogun, Ashikaga Takauji, two years after the brief Kemmu restoration of imperial...
, the post of Kawachi shugo
Shugo
was a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
fell to one of the three kanrei
Kanrei
or, more rarely, kanryō, was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as Shogun's Deputy. After 1349, there were actually two Kanrei, the Kyoto Kanrei and the Kantō Kanrei....
, of the Hatakeyama clan
Hatakeyama clan
The ' was a Japanese samurai clan. Originally a branch of the Taira clan and descended from Taira no Takamochi, they fell victim of political intrigue in 1205, when Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, first, and his father Shigetada later were killed in battle by Hōjō forces in Kamakura...
; Hatakeyama Mitsuie and Hatakeyama Mochikuni continued this, making what should have been a dynasty of sorts, but in dispute over Mochikuni's family headship, the adopted Hatakeyama Masanaga
Hatakeyama Masanaga
was a daimyo of the Hatakeyama clan and, according to some accounts, invented the horo, a stiffened cloak used by messengers and bodyguards to improve their visibility on the battlefield, and to act as an arrow-catcher....
and the begotten Hatakeyama Yoshinari
Hatakeyama Yoshinari
was a Japanese samurai and feudal lord of the Muromachi period , who is most well known for his rivalry with Hatakeyama Masanaga over the position of Kanrei, or Shogun's Deputy....
quarreled, and as Kawachi became the background for that feud, it fell to waste.
Masanaga was attacked at by Hosokawa Masamoto
Hosokawa Masamoto
a notable Deputy-Shogun of the Hosokawa clan of Japan, and son of Hosokawa Katsumoto. Masamoto was appointed to this very high rank during the year of 1486. However, for a brief period this title was lost by Hatakeyama Masanaga but was regained in time. When Ashikaga Yoshihisa died childless during...
and Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo, but his son Hisayoshi was in Kishū
Kii Province
, or , was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is today Wakayama Prefecture, as well as the southern part of Mie Prefecture. Kii bordered Ise, Izumi, Kawachi, Shima, and Yamato Provinces. The Kii Peninsula takes its name from this province....
attempting to recoup for another attack; finally, they succeeded in making a comeback as the shugo of Kawachi and Kishū, and Hisayoshi's son Tanenaga ultimately managed to destroy Yoshihide of Yoshinari's line, once again consolidating the house of Hatakeyama. However, through all this, Kawachi had been the battleground, and had essentially been reduced to scorched earth
Scorched earth
A scorched earth policy is a military strategy or operational method which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area...
.
Sengoku Period
Sengoku period
The or Warring States period in Japanese history was a time of social upheaval, political intrigue, and nearly constant military conflict that lasted roughly from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century. The name "Sengoku" was adopted by Japanese historians in reference...
, the consolidated Kawachi was the asset of Hatakeyama Tanenaga, but the real power was imbued in the shugodai
Shugodai
were officials during feudal Japan.Shugodai were representatives of provincial shugo when the shugo could not exercise his power, being often away from his province. Unlike shugo, who were appointed from the central power, shugodai were locally appointed....
, a title that passed into the hands of Yusa Naganori: the shugo
Shugo
was a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
came to be reduced to a mere figurehead. Moreover, the kanrei
Kanrei
or, more rarely, kanryō, was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as Shogun's Deputy. After 1349, there were actually two Kanrei, the Kyoto Kanrei and the Kantō Kanrei....
house of Hosokawa
Hosokawa clan
The ' was a Japanese samurai clan, descended from Emperor Seiwa and a branch of the Minamoto clan, by the Ashikaga clan. It produced many prominent officials in the Ashikaga shogunate's administration. In the Edo period, the Hosokawa clan was one of the largest landholding daimyo families in Japan...
continued to face internal strife; in addition to the Hosokawa inheritance dispute between Takakuni
Hosokawa Takakuni
Hosokawa Takakuni was the most powerful military commander in the Muromachi period under Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the twelfth shogun. His father was Hosokawa Masaharu, who was the branch of the Hosokawa clan....
, Sumimoto
Hosokawa Sumimoto
was a samurai commander in the Muromachi period during the 16th century of Japan.Sumimoto was one of the few sons of Hosokawa Yoshiharu and an adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto, who was the Kanrei of the Ashikaga shogunate...
, and Sumiyuki, the son of Sumimoto (the victor of that conflict) Harumoto
Hosokawa Harumoto
was a Japanese daimyo of the Muromachi and Sengoku periods, and the head of the Hosokawa clan. Harumoto's childhood name was Sōmei-maru . He was born to Hosokawa Sumimoto, another renowned samurai of the Muromachi era....
attacked and overthrew the shugodai in Sakai who played an active role in the Hosokawa clan's internal strife, Miyoshi Motonaga.
The bakufu, which was an asset for Harumoto, had been preserved, but Miyoshi's son Nagayoshi proceeded to the capital from Awa
Awa Province (Tokushima)
was an old province of Japan in the area that is today a part of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku. Awa was bordered by Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo Provinces. It was sometimes called .-References:...
; while he accepting a wife from the shugodai of Kawachi who had the de facto power (Yusa Naganori) and received other such favors of power, in subordination to Harumoto, but not in subordination to the wishes of Harumoto, he played an active role in such things as attacking Kizawa Nagamasa
Kizawa Nagamasa
Kizawa Nagamasa was a daimyo of the Sengoku Period in Japan.Nagamasa built Shigisan Castle for the Hatakeyama clan in 1536, an accomplishment that earned him the title of shugo of Yamato Province. In 1561 he expanded into Shiga Prefecture when he defeated the Rokkaku clan at the Battle of Maibara...
in Takaida (in modern Kashiwara
Kashiwara, Osaka
is a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 74,892 and the density of 2,950 persons per km². The total area is 25.39 km².The city was founded on October 1, 1958.-Location:...
, Osaka
Osaka Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshū, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Osaka. It is the center of Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area.- History :...
).
However, being in opposition later on, Nagayoshi would fight his father's cousin in Harumoto's faction, Miyoshi Masanaga
Miyoshi Masanaga
was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, a member of the Miyoshi clan who served as daimyo of Awa. He is remembered as the cousin of Miyoshi Chōkei. Masanaga had very strong relations with the Ikeda clan, as Ikeda Nagamasa was his son-in-law. Due to this strong relation between the families,...
, in dispute over Kawachi Jū Nana Kasho at places like Enami Castle, going on to break down Harumoto's controlled political power; the shogun was reduced to a figurehead and along with seizing the real power of the bakufu, he transferred the stronghold from Akutagawa Mountain Castle in Settsu
Settsu Province
was a province of Japan, which today comprises the eastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or .Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province.-History:...
to Iimori Mountain Castle in Kawachi (Shijōnawate
Shijonawate, Osaka
is a city located in Osaka, Japan.As of August 1, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 57,437 and the density of 3,065 persons per km². The total area is 18.74 km².The city was founded on July 1, 1970.-Railways:*West Japan Railway Company...
, Osaka
Osaka Prefecture
is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshū, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Osaka. It is the center of Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area.- History :...
).
But even Nagayoshi had to pass away at the age of 42, and afterwards retainers were in conflict (the Miyoshi triumvirate and Matsunaga Hisahide
Matsunaga Hisahide
Matsunaga Hisahide was a daimyo of Japan following the Sengoku period of the 16th century.A companion of Miyoshi Chokei, he was a retainer of Miyoshi Masanaga from the 1540s. He directed the conquest of the province of Yamato in the 1560s and by 1564 had built a sufficient power-base to be...
), making a battleground of Kawachi and Yamato
Yamato Province
was a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. It was also called . At first, the name was written with one different character , and for about ten years after 737, this was revised to use more desirable characters . The final revision was made in...
. The event that finally closed the period and these conflicts was Oda Nobunaga
Oda Nobunaga
was the initiator of the unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century, which ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was also a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. His opus was continued, completed and finalized by his successors Toyotomi...
's procession to the capital.
Azuchi-Momoyama Period
Upon his ascension to the capital, Oda Nobunaga gave the task of governing the northern half of Kawachi to Miyoshi YoshitsuguMiyoshi Yoshitsugu
, adopted son of Nagayoshi, was a samurai of the Sengoku period who was practically the last head of Miyoshi clan, daimyo of Kawachi province of Japan....
, and that of the southern half to Hatakeyama Akitaka (his son-in-law). However, they both fell in the conflicts around the Genki
Genki
was a after Eiroku and before Tenshō. This period spanned the years from April 1570 through July 1573. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:; 1570: The era name was changed because of various wars...
era, and control of Kawachi fell to Oda's chief vassal Sakuma Nobumori
Sakuma Nobumori
was a retainer for the Oda clan. Nobumori's banishment by Oda Nobunaga to Mount Koyasan has widely been regarded as symbolic of Nobunaga's ruthlessness against even his longest-serving retainers, highlighting the leader's shortcomings as a military commander....
. But even Nobumori would later be shunned and banished by Nobunaga.
When Oda died in the Incident at Honnō-ji, Hashiba Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
was a daimyo warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle...
, who attacked Akechi Mitsuhide
Akechi Mitsuhide
, nicknamed Jūbei or called from his clan name and title, was a samurai who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan.Mitsuhide was a general under daimyo Oda Nobunaga, although he became infamous for his betrayal in 1582, which led to Nobunaga's death at Honno-ji...
at the battle of Yamazaki
Battle of Yamazaki
The was fought in 1582 in Yamazaki, Japan, located in current day Kyoto Prefecture. This battle is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Mt. Tennō ....
, as a result of the Kiyosu Conference, came to control the province.
Hideyoshi came to rule all Japan, and when Osaka Castle
Osaka Castle
is a Japanese castle in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan.Originally called Ozakajō, it is one of Japan's most famous castles, and played a major role in the unification of Japan during the sixteenth century of the Azuchi-Momoyama period.-Description:...
was built, Wakae Castle, which had once been an important spot in Kawachi, became derelict.
After the death of Hideyoshi, the Battle of Sekigahara
Battle of Sekigahara
The , popularly known as the , was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 which cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu...
ensued, and Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan , which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but...
became ruler of all Japan: the Seii Taishōgun
Shogun
A was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
; he opened his bakufu, but as Kawachi was Toyotomi Hideyori
Toyotomi Hideyori
was the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the general who first united all of Japan. His mother, Yodo-dono, was the niece of Oda Nobunaga....
's fiefdom, it was not entered into the bakuhan taisei.
When Tokugawa Ieyasu and Toyotomi Hideyori had their showdown at the Siege of Osaka
Siege of Osaka
The was a series of battles undertaken by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages , and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment...
, Kawachi also became a battleground. This fight had a winter and a summer campaign, but since the winter campaign was a battle around Osaka Castle, Kawachi was not a war location then. The aspect of the summer campaign was completely turned about, and the outer moat of Osaka Castle was buried, leaving the castle exposed; the Osaka side judged a siege defense to be impossible, and intercepted Tokugawa's side going from Kyoto to Osaka in the field. Therefore, fights occurred at various places in Kawachi, it being between Kyoto and Osaka. The primary battles that developed were the Battle of Dōmyōji
Battle of Domyoji
On June 3, 1615 the Eastern Army of Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Osaka Army of Toyotomi Hideyori clashed in battle at Dōmyōji , Osaka. This battle was one of Japan's major historical battles between samurai forces...
(Gotō Matabee
Goto Mototsugu
, also known as , was a samurai of the late Sengoku through early Edo periods. He served Kuroda Yoshitaka but retired from the Kuroda clan after Kuroda Yoshitaku had died...
vs. Date Masamune
Date Masamune
was a regional strongman of Japan's Azuchi-Momoyama period through early Edo period. Heir to a long line of powerful daimyo in the Tōhoku region, he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai...
, Matsudaira Tadateru
Matsudaira Tadateru
was a daimyo during the Edo period of Japan. He was the sixth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was born in Edo Castle during the year of the dragon , and as a child his name was Tatsuchiyo. His mother was , a concubine of Ieyasu...
, and Mizuno Katsunari; Sanada Yukimura
Sanada Yukimura
was a Japanese samurai, second son of the Sengoku period daimyo Sanada Masayuki . His proper name was Sanada Nobushige , named after Takeda Shingen's younger brother Takeda Nobushige, who was a brave and respected warrior. He and his father were known as being excellent military tacticians...
, Kitagawa Nobukatsu, and Susukida Kanesuke vs. Date Masamune, Matsudaira Tadateru, and Mizuno Katsunari) and the battle of Yao and Wakae (Kimura Shigenari
Kimura Shigenari
was a Japanese samurai of the early Edo period. A retainer of the Toyotomi clan, Shigenari fought at the Siege of Osaka and died in battle....
vs. Ii Naotaka
Ii Naotaka
was a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period who served under the Tokugawa shogunate. He was the son of the famous Tokugawa general Ii Naomasa.Naotaka served in the Siege of Osaka in his brother Naokatsu's stead, where he would gain tremendous favor for his exploits at Tennoji. After the battle,...
; Chōsokabe Morichika
Chosokabe Morichika
was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period through early Edo period. Once the ruler of Tosa Province, his fief was revoked by Tokugawa Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara....
vs. Tōdō Takatora
Todo Takatora
was a Japanese daimyo of the Azuchi-Momoyama period through Edo period. He rose from relatively humble origins as an ashigaru to become a daimyo...
).
Edo Period
In the Edo PeriodEdo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
, Kawachi was dotted with tenryō as well as hatamoto
Hatamoto
A was a samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin. However, in the Edo period, hatamoto were the upper vassals of the Tokugawa...
. As for daimyo
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
, there were only two: the Hōjō
Late Hojo clan
The ' was one of the most powerful warrior clans in Japan in the Sengoku period and held domains primarily in the Kantō region.The clan is traditionally reckoned to be started by Ise Shinkurō, who came from a branch of the prestigious Ise clan, a family in the direct employment of the Ashikaga...
of Sayama Domain
Sayama Domain
The ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Kawachi Province, and headquartered in what is now Ōsakasayama. It was ruled for the entirety of its history by the Hōjō clan, a branch of the Late Hōjō clan.-History:...
and the Takagi of Tannan Domain. In addition, the Inaba
Inaba clan
The were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence during the Sengoku and Edo periods. In the Edo period, the Inaba were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama .-Clan branches:The fudai...
of Yodo Domain
Yodo Domain
The ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, and the only domain located in Yamashiro Province. Its castle was located within modern-day Fushimi, Kyoto....
had many territories.
Districts
- Ishikawa District
- Nishigori District
- Furuichi District
- Asukabe District
- Ōgata District
- Takayasu District
- Kawachi District
- Chichira District
- Matta District
- Katano District
- Wakae District
- Shibukawa District
- Shiki District
- Tajihi District (Tanboku District, Tannan District, Yakami District)
Meiji era reorganization
- Kitakawachi District – on 1 April 1896, the Matta, Katano, and Sasara districts were integrated, making the former Kawachi Province's northern portion a single districtDistricts of JapanThe was most recently used as an administrative unit in Japan between 1878 and 1921 and is roughly equivalent to the county of the United States, ranking at the level below prefecture and above city, town or village. As of 2008, cities belong directly to prefectures and are independent from...
. - Nakakawachi District – on 1 April 1896, the Tanboku, Takayasu, Ōgata, Kawachi, Wakae, and Shibukawa districts, along with part of Shiki District (Mikimoto Village) were integrated, making the former Kawachi Province's central portion a single district.
- Minamikawachi DistrictMinamikawachi District, OsakaMinamikawachi is a district located in Osaka, Japan.As of 2009, the district has an estimated population of 37,695 and a density of 491 persons per km²...
– on 1 April 1896, the Tannan, Asukabe, Furuichi, Yakami, Nishigori, and Ishikawa districts, along with part of Shiki District (all but Mikimoto Village) were integrated, making the former Kawachi Province's southern portion a single district.
Kokushi
- 672, August – Kume
- 708, April – Ishikawa no Iwatari
- 724 – c. 749 – Kudara no Konikishi Kyōfuku (self-styled)
- 746, April – Ōtomo no KoshibiOtomo no Koshibiwas the father of the first man to hold the title of seii taishōgun, Ōtomo no Otomaro....
(dismissed) - 760 – Yamato no Nagaoka
- 769, November – Fujiwara no MomokawaFujiwara no Momokawawas a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Nara period. His original name was .-Career at court:He was a minister during the reigns of Empress Kōken/Shōtoku and Emperor Kōnin....
- 790, April – Ōtomo no OtomaroOtomo no Otomarowas a Japanese general of the Nara period and of the early Heian period. He was the first to hold the title of seii taishōgun. Some believe he was born in 727...
- 806, February – Kudara no Koniki Shikyōjin
- 817, July – Fujiwara no OtsuguFujiwara no Otsuguwas a Japanese statesman, courtier, politician and editor during the Heian period. He is credited as one of the collaborative compilers of the Nihon Kōki.-Career at court:He was a minister during the reigns of Emperor Saga, Emperor Junna and Emperor Nimmyō....
- 878, February – Abe no Fusakami
Kamakura bakufu
- 1221–? – Miura Yoshimura
- ?–1247 – Miura Yasumura
- 1280–? – Hōjō Hisatoki
- ?–1333 – someone from the Hōjō clanHojo clanSee the late Hōjō clan for the Hōjō clan of the Sengoku Period.The in the history of Japan was a family who controlled the hereditary title of shikken of the Kamakura Shogunate. In practice, the family had actual governmental power, many times dictatorial, rather than Kamakura shoguns, or the...
Muromachi bakufu
- 1336–1347 – Hosokawa AkiujiHosokawa Akiujiwas a samurai general in the service of the Ashikaga Northern Court, during Japan's Nanboku-chō period.In 1338, he was sent by Ashikaga Takauji to assist in the defence of the Kuromaru, a fortress belonging to Kanrei Shiba Takatsune. His men clashed with fifty horsemen under the command of Nitta...
- 1347–1349 – Kō no MoroyasuKo no Moroyasu, along with his brother Moronao and his cousin Morofuyu, was one of the leading generals of Shogun Ashikaga Takauji during the Nanbokucho War.In 1335 he was sent west from Kamakura, the capital, at the head of a large army. The goal was to secure the shogun's control over the region, and prepare...
- 1349–1351 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
- 1352–1353 – Kō no Morihide
- 1359–1360 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
- 1369–1382 – Kusunoki MasanoriKusunoki Masanoriwas a samurai who fought for the Southern Court in Japan's Nanboku-chō Wars, and is famed for his skills as a leader and military strategist, though he later sought a diplomatic solution and was regarded a traitor by many of his comrades...
- 1382–1406 – Hatakeyama Motokuni
- 1406–1408 – Hatakeyama Mitsunori
- 1408–1433 – Hatakeyama Mitsuie
- 1433–1441 – Hatakeyama Mochikuni
- 1441 – Hatakeyama Mochinaga
- 1441–1455 – Hatakeyama Mochikuni
- 1455–1460 – Hatakeyama YoshinariHatakeyama Yoshinariwas a Japanese samurai and feudal lord of the Muromachi period , who is most well known for his rivalry with Hatakeyama Masanaga over the position of Kanrei, or Shogun's Deputy....
- 1460–1467 – Hatakeyama MasanagaHatakeyama Masanagawas a daimyo of the Hatakeyama clan and, according to some accounts, invented the horo, a stiffened cloak used by messengers and bodyguards to improve their visibility on the battlefield, and to act as an arrow-catcher....
- 1467 – Hatakeyama Yoshinari
- 1467–1493 – Hatakeyama MasanagaHatakeyama Masanagawas a daimyo of the Hatakeyama clan and, according to some accounts, invented the horo, a stiffened cloak used by messengers and bodyguards to improve their visibility on the battlefield, and to act as an arrow-catcher....
- 1493–1499 – Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo
- 1499–1504 – Hatakeyama Yoshihide
- 1504–1507 – Hosokawa MasamotoHosokawa Masamotoa notable Deputy-Shogun of the Hosokawa clan of Japan, and son of Hosokawa Katsumoto. Masamoto was appointed to this very high rank during the year of 1486. However, for a brief period this title was lost by Hatakeyama Masanaga but was regained in time. When Ashikaga Yoshihisa died childless during...
- 1507–1517 – Hatakeyama Hisayoshi
- 1517–1534 – Hatakeyama Tanenaga
- 1534–1538 – Hatakeyama Nagatsune
- 1538–1542 – Hatakeyama Ariuji / Hatakeyama Masakuni
- 1542–1545 – Hatakeyama Tanenaga
- 1545 – Hatakeyama Haruhiro
- 1545–1550 – Hatakeyama Masakuni
- 1550–1560 – Hatakeyama TakamasaHatakeyama Takamasawas a daimyo of the Hatakeyama clan of Kawachi Province during the late Sengoku period of Japanese history....
- 1568–1569 – Hatakeyama Takamasa
- 1568–1573 – Miyoshi YoshitsuguMiyoshi Yoshitsugu, adopted son of Nagayoshi, was a samurai of the Sengoku period who was practically the last head of Miyoshi clan, daimyo of Kawachi province of Japan....
- 1569–1573 – Hatakeyama Akitaka
Kawachi figures
Though Kawachi was a very small province, many important people in ancient and medieval Japan had to do with the area and the decisive moments in Japanese history that took place there or around it.- Mononobe no MoriyaMononobe no Moriyawas an Ō-muraji, a high-ranking clan head position of the ancient Japanese Yamato state, having inherited the position from his father Mononobe no Okoshi...
– From the Mononobe clanMononobe clanThe was a Japanese clan of the Kofun period, known for its military opposition to the Soga clan. The Mononobe were opposed to the spread of Buddhism, not on religious grounds, but more so as the result of feelings of conservatism and a degree of xenophobia...
powerful in ancient times, he was part of the anti-BuddhistBuddhismBuddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
faction, and defeated by the allied forces of Soga no UmakoSoga no Umakowas the son of Soga no Iname and a member of the powerful Soga clan of Japan.Umako conducted political reforms with Prince Shōtoku during the rules of Emperor Bidatsu and Empress Suiko and established the Soga clan's stronghold in the government by having his daughter married with members of the...
and Prince ShōtokuPrince Shotoku, also known as or , was a semi-legendary regent and a politician of the Asuka period in Japan who served under Empress Suiko. He was a son of Emperor Yōmei and his younger half-sister Princess Anahobe no Hashihito. His parents were relatives of the ruling Soga clan, and was involved in the defeat...
. - Kudara no Konikishi clan – Descendants of the royal house of BaekjeBaekjeBaekje or Paekche was a kingdom located in southwest Korea. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla....
, and a noble family of ancient times based in Kawachi. - Fujii clan – An ancient family originally from China based in Kawachi. Likely progenitors of Jing Zhencheng.
- Jing Zhencheng – A student who studied abroad in TangTang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
. His grave marker was discovered in the suburbs of Chang'anChang'anChang'an is an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an literally means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese. During the short-lived Xin Dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace" ; yet after its fall in AD 23, the old name was restored...
(modern Xian). - Takamuko clan – An ancient noble family of Kawachi that produced many diplomats and statesmen such as Takamuko no KuromaroTakamuko no Kuromarowas a Japanese scholar and diplomat of the Asuka period. The Takamuko clan are descended from Cao Pi.Karumauro traveled to China as the with Ono no Imoko as kenzuishi representing Empress Suiko in 608...
. - Kawachi Imoji – A group of medieval metal-working experts based in Tannan District.
- Mizuhai clan – BushiBushiBushi and similar can refer to:*Bushi, a term for samurai seen in the term Bushidō*Bushi , a genre of Japanese folk music*Bushi , a region in the Democratic Republic of the Congo*Bushi language, a language of Madagascar and Mayotte...
of Kawachi descended from a priest of Hiraoka Shrine (Kawachi's ichinomiya), and descendants of the Hiraoka MurajiMurajiMuraji . Muraji was an ancient Japanese hereditary title denoting rank and political standing that was reserved for the most powerful among the Tomo no Miyatsuko clans, which were clans associated with particular occupations...
. - Kawachi GenjiKawachi GenjiThe Kawachi Genji were members of a family line within that of the Seiwa Genji, which in turn was one of several branches of the Minamoto clan, one the most famous noble clans in Japanese history...
– A branch of the warrior clan MinamotoMinamoto clanwas one of the surnames bestowed by the Emperors of Japan upon members of the imperial family who were demoted into the ranks of the nobility. The practice was most prevalent during the Heian Period , although its last occurrence was during the Sengoku Era. The Taira were another such offshoot of...
. They were based in Kawachi, and at their peak controlled the eastern samurai. - Minamoto no YorinobuMinamoto no Yorinobuwas a samurai commander and member of the powerful Minamoto clan. He was the son of Minamoto no Mitsunaka . Along with his brother Yorimitsu, Yorinobu served the regents of the Fujiwara clan, taking the violent measures the Fujiwara were themselves unable to take. He held the title, passed down...
– The commander who put down Taira no Tadatsune's Rebellion. Founder and leader of the Kawachi Genji. - Minamoto no YoriyoshiMinamoto no Yoriyoshiwas a head of Japan's Minamoto clan who is perhaps most notable for having led, along with his son Minamoto no Yoshiie, the Imperial forces against rebellious forces in the north...
– The commander who overcame the Abe clanAbe clanThe was one of the oldest of the major Japanese clans ; and the clan retained its prominence during the Sengoku period and the Edo period. The clan's origin is said to be one of the original clans of the Yamato people; they truly gained prominence during the Heian period , and experienced a...
in the Zenkunen WarZenkunen WarThe Zenkunen War , also known by the English translation Early Nine-Years War, was fought from 1051 to 1063, in Japan's Mutsu province, at the far north of the main island of Honshū...
. Second-generation leader of the Kawachi Genji. - Minamoto no YoshiieMinamoto no YoshiieMinamoto no Yoshiie , also known as Hachimantarō, was a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period, and Chinjufu shogun...
– A commander in the Zenkunen and GosannenGosannen WarThe Gosannen War , also known by the English translation Later Three-Year War, was fought during Japan's Heian period in the province of Mutsu at the far north of Japan's main island of Honshū. Though some scholars date the war to the period of 1086 to 1089, others place it a few years earlier,...
wars. Third-generation leader of the Kawachi Genji. - Minamoto no Yoshitada – Fourth son of Yoshiie, kami of Kawachi, fourth-generation leader of the Kawachi Genji. Assassinated by his uncle Minamoto no YoshimitsuMinamoto no Yoshimitsu, son of Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, was a Minamoto clan samurai during Japan's Heian Period. His brother was the famous Minamoto no Yoshiie. Minamoto no Yoshimitsu is credited as the ancient progenitor of the Japanese martial art, Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu...
. - Minamoto no Yoshitoki – Sixth son of Yoshiie, defended the inherited land of the Minamoto clan. Progenitor of the Ishikawa clanIshikawa clanThe ' was a Japanese family which claimed descent from Minamoto no Yoshiie. They took their name from the Ishikawa district of Kawachi Province. In the Sengoku Period, the family had two major branches; one of them, which had settled in Mikawa Province in the 15th century, was a family of retainers...
, among others. - Ishikawa clanIshikawa clanThe ' was a Japanese family which claimed descent from Minamoto no Yoshiie. They took their name from the Ishikawa district of Kawachi Province. In the Sengoku Period, the family had two major branches; one of them, which had settled in Mikawa Province in the 15th century, was a family of retainers...
– A line derived from Yoshitoki's third son Minamoto no Yoshimoto, taking its name from Ishikawa in Kawachi. - Kawachi clan – Family name taken by Kawachi kami and such.
- Kusunoki clan – A local family of Kawachi, offshoot of the Tachibana clanTachibana clanOver the course of Japanese history, there have been two families with the name Tachibana:*Tachibana clan - a clan of kuge prominent in the Nara and Heian periods...
through being anti-Shogunist. - Kusunoki MasashigeKusunoki Masashigewas a 14th century samurai who fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in his attempt to wrest rulership of Japan away from the Kamakura shogunate and is remembered as the ideal of samurai loyalty.-Tactician:...
– General who fought against the Kamakura shogunateKamakura shogunateThe Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...
. For his loyalty towards the emperor, he earned the name "Dainankō". - Kusunoki MasatsuraKusunoki Masatsura, along with his father Masashige and brother Masanori, was a supporter of the Southern Imperial Court during Japan's Nanbokucho Wars.Masatsura was one of the primary military leaders who revived the Southern Court in the 1340s...
– Son of Masashige. For succeeding his father in his efforts, he received the name "Shōnankō". - Kusunoki MasanoriKusunoki Masanoriwas a samurai who fought for the Southern Court in Japan's Nanboku-chō Wars, and is famed for his skills as a leader and military strategist, though he later sought a diplomatic solution and was regarded a traitor by many of his comrades...
– Successor of Masatsura. - Kusunoki Masasue – Masashige's younger brother. Committed suicide with his brother at the battle of MinatogawaBattle of MinatogawaThe Battle of Minatogawa also known as the Battle of Minato River was fought in 1336 between Japanese forces loyal to Emperor Go-Daigo and the Ashikaga clan. The Imperial forces were led by Kusunoki Masashige and Nitta Yoshisada, while the Ashikaga were led by Ashikaga Takauji. The Ashikaga were...
. - Kainoshō clan – Offspring of Kusunoki Masasue; served the HatakeyamaHatakeyama clanThe ' was a Japanese samurai clan. Originally a branch of the Taira clan and descended from Taira no Takamochi, they fell victim of political intrigue in 1205, when Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, first, and his father Shigetada later were killed in battle by Hōjō forces in Kamakura...
and TokugawaTokugawa clanThe was a powerful daimyo family of Japan. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa and were a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Nitta clan. However, the early history of this clan remains a mystery.-History:...
clans. - Hatakeyama clanHatakeyama clanThe ' was a Japanese samurai clan. Originally a branch of the Taira clan and descended from Taira no Takamochi, they fell victim of political intrigue in 1205, when Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, first, and his father Shigetada later were killed in battle by Hōjō forces in Kamakura...
– Offshoot of the Ashikaga clanAshikaga clanThe ' was a prominent Japanese samurai clan which established the Muromachi shogunate and ruled Japan from roughly 1336 to 1573.The Ashikaga were descended from a branch of the Minamoto clan, deriving originally from the town of Ashikaga in Shimotsuke province .For about a century the clan was...
, and one of the three KanreiKanreior, more rarely, kanryō, was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as Shogun's Deputy. After 1349, there were actually two Kanrei, the Kyoto Kanrei and the Kantō Kanrei....
; a notable family that produced many Kawachi Province shugoShugowas a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
. - Hatakeyama Mitsuie – Kawachi shugoShugowas a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
and Muromachi shogunate kanreiKanreior, more rarely, kanryō, was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as Shogun's Deputy. After 1349, there were actually two Kanrei, the Kyoto Kanrei and the Kantō Kanrei....
. - Hatakeyama Mochikuni – Son of Mitsuie; Kawachi shugo and Muromachi shogunate kanrei.
- Hatakeyama MasanagaHatakeyama Masanagawas a daimyo of the Hatakeyama clan and, according to some accounts, invented the horo, a stiffened cloak used by messengers and bodyguards to improve their visibility on the battlefield, and to act as an arrow-catcher....
– Nephew and adopted son of Mochikuni; Kawachi shugo and Muromachi shogunate kanrei. Died in dispute with the shogunate. - Hatakeyama Hisayoshi – Son of Masanaga; Kawachi shugo.
- Hatakeyama Tanenaga – Son of Hisayoshi; Kawachi shugo but puppet of shugodaiShugodaiwere officials during feudal Japan.Shugodai were representatives of provincial shugo when the shugo could not exercise his power, being often away from his province. Unlike shugo, who were appointed from the central power, shugodai were locally appointed....
Yusa Naganori. - Hatakeyama TakamasaHatakeyama Takamasawas a daimyo of the Hatakeyama clan of Kawachi Province during the late Sengoku period of Japanese history....
– Younger brother of Tanenaga; Kawachi shugo and anti-Miyoshi vanguard. - Hatakeyama Akitaka – Younger brother of Tanenaga; followed in Takamasa's footsteps but was defeated by the Yusa.
- Hatakeyama YoshinariHatakeyama Yoshinariwas a Japanese samurai and feudal lord of the Muromachi period , who is most well known for his rivalry with Hatakeyama Masanaga over the position of Kanrei, or Shogun's Deputy....
– True son of Mochikuni; Kawachi shugo and regarded as a great commander. - Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo – Son of Yoshinari; though he defeated Masanaga in the Meiō Coup, he was defeated by Hisayoshi in a comeback.
- Hatakeyama Yoshihide – Son of Yoshitoyo.
- Hosokawa KatsumotoHosokawa Katsumotowas one of the Kanrei, the Deputies to the Shogun, during Japan's Muromachi Period. He is famous for his involvement in the creation of Ryōan-ji, a temple famous for its rock garden, and for his involvement in the Ōnin War, which sparked the 130-year Sengoku period.His conflicts with his...
– ShugoShugowas a title, commonly translated as "Governor," given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan...
of SettsuSettsu Provincewas a province of Japan, which today comprises the eastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or .Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province.-History:...
, Tanba, and YamashiroYamashiro Provincewas a province of Japan, located in Kinai. It overlaps the southern part of modern Kyoto Prefecture on Honshū. Aliases include , the rare , and . It is classified as an upper province in the Engishiki....
among others. Also a kanreiKanreior, more rarely, kanryō, was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as Shogun's Deputy. After 1349, there were actually two Kanrei, the Kyoto Kanrei and the Kantō Kanrei....
. - Hosokawa MasamotoHosokawa Masamotoa notable Deputy-Shogun of the Hosokawa clan of Japan, and son of Hosokawa Katsumoto. Masamoto was appointed to this very high rank during the year of 1486. However, for a brief period this title was lost by Hatakeyama Masanaga but was regained in time. When Ashikaga Yoshihisa died childless during...
– Son of Katsumoto and a kanrei. - Hosokawa SumimotoHosokawa Sumimotowas a samurai commander in the Muromachi period during the 16th century of Japan.Sumimoto was one of the few sons of Hosokawa Yoshiharu and an adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto, who was the Kanrei of the Ashikaga shogunate...
– Adopted son of Masamoto. - Hosokawa TakakuniHosokawa TakakuniHosokawa Takakuni was the most powerful military commander in the Muromachi period under Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the twelfth shogun. His father was Hosokawa Masaharu, who was the branch of the Hosokawa clan....
– Adopted son of Masamoto. - Hosokawa Sumiyuki – Adopted son of Masamoto.
- Hosokawa HarumotoHosokawa Harumotowas a Japanese daimyo of the Muromachi and Sengoku periods, and the head of the Hosokawa clan. Harumoto's childhood name was Sōmei-maru . He was born to Hosokawa Sumimoto, another renowned samurai of the Muromachi era....
– Son of Sumimoto; kanrei. Political power collapsed when defeated by Miyoshi Nagayoshi. - Hosokawa UjitsunaHosokawa Ujitsunawas a Japanese military commander and Deputy Shogun of the Hosokawa clan in the end of the Muromachi period and Sengoku period of the 16th century. He was the foster son of Hosokawa Takakuni....
– Takakuni's orphan. Shouldered the anti-Harumoto faction. - Yusa Naganori – ShugodaiShugodaiwere officials during feudal Japan.Shugodai were representatives of provincial shugo when the shugo could not exercise his power, being often away from his province. Unlike shugo, who were appointed from the central power, shugodai were locally appointed....
of Kawachi. Seized the real power of the Hatakeyama and reduced them to a Sengoku daimyō. - Miyoshi clanMiyoshi clanThe Miyoshi clan is a Japanese family descended from Emperor Seiwa and the Minamoto clan . They were a cadet branch of the Ogasawara clan and the Takeda clan....
– Sengoku daimyō. Originally the shugo of Awa ProvinceAwa ProvinceAwa Province may refer to:* Awa Province in modern-day Chiba Prefecture* Awa Province in modern-day Tokushima Prefecture...
; became the lords of Iimori Mountain Castle in Kawachi. - Miyoshi Nagayoshi – Hegemon; a commander that expanded power to AwaAwa ProvinceAwa Province may refer to:* Awa Province in modern-day Chiba Prefecture* Awa Province in modern-day Tokushima Prefecture...
, TosaTosa Provinceis the name of a former province of Japan in the area that is today Kōchi Prefecture on Shikoku. Tosa was bordered by Iyo and Awa Provinces. It was sometimes called .-History:The ancient capital was near modern Nankoku...
, IyoIyo Provincewas an old province of Japan in the area that is today Ehime Prefecture on Shikoku. Iyo bordered on Awa, Sanuki, and Tosa Provinces. It was sometimes called ....
, SanukiSanuki Provincewas an old province of Japan on the island of Shikoku, with the same boundaries as modern Kagawa Prefecture. It was sometimes called .It faced the Inland Sea and bordered on Awa and Iyo Provinces. Across Naruto strait it bordered Awaji Province too. Administratively it was included as a part of...
, AwajiAwaji Provincewas an old province of Japan covering Awaji Island, between Honshū and Shikoku. Today it is part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It is sometimes called . Awaji is divided into three municipal sections: Awaji is the northernmost section, Sumoto is the most urban and central section, and four southern towns...
, HarimaHarima Provinceor Banshu was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tamba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji....
, SettsuSettsu Provincewas a province of Japan, which today comprises the eastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or .Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province.-History:...
, Tanba, YamashiroYamashiro Provincewas a province of Japan, located in Kinai. It overlaps the southern part of modern Kyoto Prefecture on Honshū. Aliases include , the rare , and . It is classified as an upper province in the Engishiki....
, Kawachi, and YamatoYamato Provincewas a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. It was also called . At first, the name was written with one different character , and for about ten years after 737, this was revised to use more desirable characters . The final revision was made in...
. - Miyoshi YoshitsuguMiyoshi Yoshitsugu, adopted son of Nagayoshi, was a samurai of the Sengoku period who was practically the last head of Miyoshi clan, daimyo of Kawachi province of Japan....
– After the death of Nagayoshi, he inherited the family hardship, but the house of Miyoshi fell apart. - Miyoshi Yasunaga – Nagayoshi's uncle. Lord of Takaya Castle.
- Miyoshi MasanagaMiyoshi Masanagawas a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, a member of the Miyoshi clan who served as daimyo of Awa. He is remembered as the cousin of Miyoshi Chōkei. Masanaga had very strong relations with the Ikeda clan, as Ikeda Nagamasa was his son-in-law. Due to this strong relation between the families,...
– Grand-uncle of Nagayoshi. - Miyoshi triumvirate – A triple alliance in the house of Miyoshi between Iwanari TomomichiIwanari Tomomichiwas a Japanese samurai of the 16th century. Also known as Ishinari Tomomichi , he was a retainer of the Miyoshi clan, and held the title of Chikara-no-suke...
, Miyoshi Masayasu, and Miyoshi Nagayasu. - Kizawa NagamasaKizawa NagamasaKizawa Nagamasa was a daimyo of the Sengoku Period in Japan.Nagamasa built Shigisan Castle for the Hatakeyama clan in 1536, an accomplishment that earned him the title of shugo of Yamato Province. In 1561 he expanded into Shiga Prefecture when he defeated the Rokkaku clan at the Battle of Maibara...
– A Sengoku daimyō who temporarily held YamatoYamato Provincewas a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. It was also called . At first, the name was written with one different character , and for about ten years after 737, this was revised to use more desirable characters . The final revision was made in...
and Kawachi. - Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshiwas a daimyo warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle...
– Shogun and ruler of all Japan who succeeded Oda NobunagaOda Nobunagawas the initiator of the unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century, which ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was also a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. His opus was continued, completed and finalized by his successors Toyotomi...
. - Toyotomi HideyoriToyotomi Hideyoriwas the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the general who first united all of Japan. His mother, Yodo-dono, was the niece of Oda Nobunaga....
– Son of Hideyoshi; supreme commander of the western army in the Siege of OsakaSiege of OsakaThe was a series of battles undertaken by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages , and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment...
. - Sanada YukimuraSanada Yukimurawas a Japanese samurai, second son of the Sengoku period daimyo Sanada Masayuki . His proper name was Sanada Nobushige , named after Takeda Shingen's younger brother Takeda Nobushige, who was a brave and respected warrior. He and his father were known as being excellent military tacticians...
– Second son of Sanada MasayukiSanada Masayukiwas a Japanese Sengoku period daimyo. He was the third son of Sanada Yukitaka, a vassal daimyo to the Takeda family in Shinano province. He is known as a master strategist. Sanada Nobuyuki and Sanada Yukimura were his sons.-Biography:...
of the ShinshūShinano Provinceor is an old province of Japan that is now present day Nagano Prefecture.Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces...
SanadaSanada clanThe was a Japanese clan which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period. During the Edo era, the Sanada ruled the Matsushiro Domain, where they remained until the Meiji Restoration.-Sengoku period:...
. Took the Osaka side in the siege of Osaka and banished to KudoyamaKudoyama, Wakayamais a town located in Ito District, Wakayama, Japan.As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 5,801 and a density of 131.27 persons per km². The total area is 44.19 km².-External links:*...
. - Gotō MototsuguGoto Mototsugu, also known as , was a samurai of the late Sengoku through early Edo periods. He served Kuroda Yoshitaka but retired from the Kuroda clan after Kuroda Yoshitaku had died...
– Commander with long service; was a chief vassal of the Kuroda clanKuroda clanThe ' was a Japanese samurai clan which came to prominence during the Sengoku period.-Origins:The Kuroda clan claimed its origins in Tōtōmi Province.-Sengoku era:...
, but opposed Kuroda NagamasaKuroda Nagamasawas a daimyo of Japan. He was the son of Kuroda Kanbei.In 1577, When Nagamasa was a small child, his father was condemned as a spy by Oda Nobunaga. Nagamasa was kidnapped and nearly killed as a hostage. Takenaka Hanbei ended up rescuing him....
. On the Osaka side in the Siege of Osaka. - Chōsokabe MorichikaChosokabe Morichikawas a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period through early Edo period. Once the ruler of Tosa Province, his fief was revoked by Tokugawa Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara....
– Fourth son of Chōsokabe MotochikaChosokabe Motochikawas a Sengoku period daimyo in Japan. He was the 21st chief of the Chōsokabe clan of Tosa Province . He was the son and heir of Chōsokabe Kunichika and his mother was a daughter of the Saitō clan of Mino Province....
; after his father's death, he inherited the family responsibility and fought for the Toyotomi side at the Battle of SekigaharaBattle of SekigaharaThe , popularly known as the , was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 which cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu...
and Siege of OsakaSiege of OsakaThe was a series of battles undertaken by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages , and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment...
. - Kimura ShigenariKimura Shigenariwas a Japanese samurai of the early Edo period. A retainer of the Toyotomi clan, Shigenari fought at the Siege of Osaka and died in battle....
– A young talent of the Toyotomi side in opposition to the bakufu. - Iijima Saburōemon – A peasant of Takaida in Kawachi Province who served Shigenari, he died in action at the Battle of Wakae.
- Yamaguchi Hirosada – Son of Yamaguchi Munenaga; a subordinate commander for Shigenari, and husband of Shigenari's younger sister; the vanguard at the Battle of Wakae, where he died in the intense fighting.
- Yasui Dōton – The man who dug (and whose name graces) DōtonboriDotonboriis one of the principal tourist destinations in Osaka, Japan. It is a single street, running alongside the Dōtonbori canal between the Dōtonboribashi Bridge and the Nipponbashi Bridge in the Namba ward of Osaka...
; may have also been born in Kawachi. - Shuntokumaru – A man said to be from Takayasu District. The subject of various theatre productions.
- Naka Jinbee – The village headman who re-routed the Yamato River.
See also
- List of Provinces of Japan
- Kami of Kawachi – The kokushi of the province.
- Sayama DomainSayama DomainThe ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Kawachi Province, and headquartered in what is now Ōsakasayama. It was ruled for the entirety of its history by the Hōjō clan, a branch of the Late Hōjō clan.-History:...
– Belonged to the HōjōLate Hojo clanThe ' was one of the most powerful warrior clans in Japan in the Sengoku period and held domains primarily in the Kantō region.The clan is traditionally reckoned to be started by Ise Shinkurō, who came from a branch of the prestigious Ise clan, a family in the direct employment of the Ashikaga...
(descendants of Hōjō SōunHojo Sounwas the first head of the Late Hōjō clan, one of the major powers in Japan's Sengoku period. Born Ise Moritoki, he was originally known as Ise Shinkurō, a samurai of Taira lineage from a reputable family of Shogunate officials...
). - Tannan Domain – Belonged to the Takagi clan.
- Yodo DomainYodo DomainThe ' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, and the only domain located in Yamashiro Province. Its castle was located within modern-day Fushimi, Kyoto....
– Belonged to the Inaba clanInaba clanThe were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence during the Sengoku and Edo periods. In the Edo period, the Inaba were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama .-Clan branches:The fudai...
(into which Lady KasugaLady Kasugawas from a prominent Japanese samurai family of the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods. Born Saitō Fuku , she was a daughter of Saitō Toshimitsu . Her mother's father was Inaba Yoshimichi. Married to Inaba Masanari, she had three sons, including Inaba Masakatsu, and an adopted son, Hotta Masatoshi...
was married). - CottonCottonCotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
– Kawachi cotton was popular from the early Edo periodEdo periodThe , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
until before World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
; it was Kawachi's top industry.