Doug
Encyclopedia
Doug is an American
animated sitcom created by Jim Jinkins
and co-produced by his studio, Jumbo Pictures (now known as Cartoon Pizza
). Doug centers on the surreal and imaginative exploits of its title character, Douglas "Doug" Funnie, who experiences common predicaments while attending middle school
. The series lampoons several topics, including puppy love
, bullying, and rumor
s. Many episodes center around Doug's attempts to woo fellow classmate Patti Mayonnaise.
Doug originally aired on Nickelodeon
in the United States. It, along with Rugrats
and The Ren & Stimpy Show, comprised the original three Nicktoons
, premiering simultaneously on August 11, 1991 and ending in December 1994. Following the acquisition of the former Jumbo Pictures by Disney
in 1996, the series aired on ABC
as part of the former Disney's One Saturday Morning programming block. The second series premiered on September 7, 1996, and ended on June 26, 1999 while having a feature film adaption
. In 2011, the Nickelodeon series became syndicated on TeenNick
's then newly-debuted The '90s Are All That
block.
dog Porkchop) move from the town of Bloatsburg to Bluffington after his dad receives a job promotion. Often, Doug will write in his journal about his experiences in his new hometown.
and KMOH-TV
(as an E/I
program) in the US and on Nicktoonsters
in the UK.
In the first episode, Douglas Yancey Funnie and his family (Phil, Theda and sister Judy) arrive in a new town called Bluffington after moving away from their former residence in Bloatsburg. There, he meets Skeeter, Patti, Roger and Beebe, and his new life in a new town begins.
John Kricfalusi
, the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, stated on a DVD commentary for his show that among the three original Nicktoons (Rugrats
being the other one), Nickelodeon was banking
on Doug to be its major hit. This, however, was not the case; Rugrats would go on to be the biggest hit of the three original Nicktoons, going on to have the longest run of any Nicktoon to date and still airing on the channel as of 2011, where as Doug, although still popular, had the shortest run of the three.
During the course of the show's run, it won two Kids' Choice Awards (one in 1992 and one in 1995).
Reruns of Nickelodeon
's Doug began airing on TeenNick
on July 25, 2011 as part of a newly-created block airing Nickelodeon's programming from the 1990s called The '90s Are All That
. On August 24, 2011, TeenNick announced it will be replacing the show with Hey Arnold!
on September 5. Reruns returned to TeenNick on September 26, 2011.
after Jinkins sold off Jumbo Pictures to the aforementioned corporation, and as such the rights to Doug with it. Disney ordered new episodes of Doug to be produced (renamed Brand Spanking New! Doug, and then later Disney's Doug) which ran from 1996 to 1999.
Several differences between the Nickelodeon and Disney shows exist. The musical style switched from a cappella
to an orchestrated style (meaning that a new theme song was made), though a capella was still heard at times. Doug was also voiced by McHugh now and Roger by Phillips, due to West refusing to return because of payment conflicts with Disney (West would later say that he hated the Disney series, citing his thoughts of McHugh's performance as Doug.). Many changes were addressed in Doug's Last Birthday, the first episode of the Disney series.
The next episode, Doug's New School, introduced Beebe Bluff Middle School, with Emily Kristal becoming Doug's new teacher, Bone transferring to the school with the same job that he had at Bluffington Elementary, and former mayor Bob White (In the Nickelodeon episode Doug Runs, Tippi Dink defeated him in election, becoming mayor for the rest of the series) becoming the principal. A later Christmas episode called Doug's Secret Christmas introduced a baby sister named Cleopartra "Dirtbike" Funnie. In addition to these changes, Skunky Beaumont also became a prominent character in the Disney series, having been mentioned but never seen or heard in the Nickelodeon series.
Unlike the Nickelodeon series, where every episode focused on Doug with him narrating, the Disney series had several episodes that also focused on several other characters, usually without any narration at all.
On March 15, 1999, Disney premiered a new musical stage show, "Doug Live!" at Disney's Hollywood Studios
(at the time known as Disney-MGM Studios) at the Walt Disney World Resort
. The show ran until May 12, 2001. Additionally, a theatrical feature-length film, Doug's 1st Movie
was released on March 26, 1999, before production on the television show ceased. During this time, meet-and-greet costumed versions of Doug and Patti were seen in Disney World. The characters have been retired, but sometimes make appearances (usually if another character cannot make it to their meet-and-greet). Following the stage show, a version for Game Boy Color
was released in 2000, titled Doug's Big Game
.
During the course of the show, Doug was nominated for at least two Daytime Emmy Awards.
Disney aired their series as part of ABC's Saturday Morning lineup in 1996 (following Disney's purchasing of the network), and the show became part of Disney's One Saturday Morning block in 1997. Despite controversy from fans of the Nickelodeon series, it proved to be a very popular show, spanning a number of different types of merchandise, and was for a time the most popular show on the block, with the title quickly taken by Recess
.
In the Disney series, every episode was a full-length episode of about 22 minutes, split into three segments. In the Nickelodeon series, most episodes were composed of two 11-minute segments. The only exceptions are the premiere, Christmas, and Halloween episodes, which were full-length episodes split into two segments.
in the Nickelodeon series and by Tom McHugh
in the Disney series): Doug is the title character, a shy, extremely insecure, somewhat clumsy, gullible, naive, 11½ (turns 12 in the Disney series) year old boy with an enormous heart, a large imagination a talent for writing, and a love for music. Doug's favorite instrument is a banjo
, and uses it in his spare time. Doug narrates every episode, and writes his experiences in his journal. Doug also imagines himself as several alter egos, particularly a superhero named Quailman, spy
film character Smash Adams, and adventuring archaeologist Race Canyon. Doug is left-handed. His birthday is August 22, 1980.
Theda Funnie (Voiced by Becca Lish): Doug, Judy, and Dirtbike's mother, generally portrayed as a housewife, but sometimes a working mother too. Her skin is slightly brighter than Doug's, her hair is blue, and is shown to be rather meek and somewhat clumsy.
Phil Funnie (Voiced by Doug Preis
): Doug, Judy, and Dirtbike's father, a photographer for a department store. His personality is friendly, outgoing, and sometimes clumsy. His skin has a hint of orange, and he can be seen giving Doug advice, most of which is mostly, if not completely, useless.
Roger M. Klotz (Voiced by Billy West
in the Nickelodeon series and by Chris Phillips
in the Disney series): Roger is Doug's rival and the neighborhood bully. Roger and his divorced mother lived in a trailer park in the first series; in the second series, Roger's family become wealthy after a real-estate deal struck between the owner of the trailer park and the Bluff family. As the bully, Roger always tries to poke fun at those around him. Doug uses Roger as a villain in most of his Quailman comics, most notably mad scientist
Dr. Klotzenstein. Roger has a crush on Doug's sister Judy, and owns a cat named Stinky who rivals Doug's dog Porkchop. Roger plays lead electric guitar for his band and is also an accomplished ballet dancer, much to Doug's surprise. Despite his nature, he is also portrayed as generally closer to Doug in the second series than in the first, sometimes acting more like a friend. "Joeycookamonga!" is his catchphrase, though it was said only once in the first series. He is normally seen with his three fellow gang members, all of whom together form a rock band called Roger and the Ulcers.
Patricia "Patti" Mayonnaise (Voiced by Constance Shulman): Doug's classmate and secret crush, a star athlete with multiple talents. She notes that for all her talents, she is unable to cook. Her father, Chad, is a paraplegic, and her mother is deceased, as revealed in the episode "Doug Rocks the House", where Doug accidentally destroys her old house by throwing rocks at it. In the Disney series, she gets a super heroic persona named Supersport.
Porkchop (Voiced by Fred Newman
): Doug's anthropomorphic dog who is generally more reformed than others. He lives in an igloo
-shaped doghouse in the first series, and a teepee in the second.
Cleopatra "Dirtbike" Funnie (Voiced by Fred Newman
): The baby sister of the family, appearing only in the Disney series. She debuts in the episode "Doug's Secret Christmas". She gets her name from Judy snatching Doug's Christmas list and making fun of the names of what was on it and then sarcastically making relevant suggestions, one of them Cleopatra. In the end, Theda, who had been present at the time, says that she took a name suggestion from each of them. The name was decided via a Disney Adventures contest, with the winner receiving a drawing of himself with Doug and his friends.
Mosquito "Skeeter" Valentine (Voiced by Fred Newman
): Skeeter is Doug's lanky best friend. He is famous in both series for the honking sounds he frequently makes. Skeeter's family who has lived in Bluffington for some time. Skeeter initially helps Doug order food from the popular Bluffington restaurant Honker Burger (sold and converted into a French restaurant in the second series) in the series premiere (resulting in their friendship), and later helps Doug learn how to dance. He has a superhero alter-ego, whom he calls The Silver Skeeter. It is revealed that Skeeter is highly intelligent (much to Doug's discomfort), later gaining the respect of geeky twin brothers Al and Moo.
Dale Valentine (Voiced by Fred Newman
): Skeeter's two-year-old baby brother. He is mischievous and commonly plays around with Doug, such as commenting on his big nose.
Judith Anastasia "Judy" Funnie (Voiced by Becca Lish): Doug's older sister and the oddball of the family, she is obsessed with the works of William Shakespeare
, and is a wanna-be actress and artist who attends a special art school for gifted individuals. She is a rather intelligent person, but at times is embarrassed by the banality of her family. She and Doug have normal bouts of sibling rivalry, but usually put it aside when faced with a problem. She is a stereotypical beatnik
.
Buddy "Bud" Dink (Voiced by Fred Newman
): A slightly eccentric, purple-skinned, retired neighbor of the Funnies, the first neighbor Doug meets. Always has a number of high-tech gadgets that were "very expensive". Claimed to be a writer in the first episode. Doug frequently goes to Mr. Dink for advice, but his advice usually ends up making the situation worse.
Tippingdale "Tippi" Dink (Voiced by Doris Belack): Bud's sarcastic and normally monotonous, but generally well-intentioned and friendly, wife. Near the end of the first series, she defeated White in election as mayor. This role, which toned down her sarcasm, continued into the second series.
Lamar Bone (Voiced by Doug Preis
): Assistant/vice-principal Lamar Bone is the stereotypical "mean principal" of Doug's schools. Mr. Bone is generally uptight and serious about his job, and commonly threatens to put even the smallest mistakes on permanent records. In his personal life, he enjoys yodeling
and clog dancing
which have earned him many accolades and trophies -- some of which he kept at Bluffington Elementary. Mr. Bone's speech is akin that of Don Knotts
.
Robert "Bob" White (Voiced by Greg Lee): The former mayor
of Bluffington and principal of Beebe Bluff School; a stereotypical fast talking glad-handing politician. He is best known for his campaign slogan "Vote for me!" and is overweight, is almost always shown wearing a grey suit and tie, and his white hair is always styled. He is eventually voted out of office in favor of Mrs. Dink, after which he takes the role of middle school principal (and Bone's superior) in the Disney series, a role he uses (somewhat unethically) to campaign for his old office back.
Beebe Bluff (Voiced by Alice Playten
): A stereotypically spoiled heiress to the Bluff family fortune. Beebe is the daughter of Bill Bluff, the richest man in the town and a friend of Mayor White. The Bluff family is the namesake of the town of Bluffington, and in the second series, the school is even named after Beebe. Despite a certain air of superiority over her peers, Beebe maintains friendships with Patti Mayonnaise and most of her other contemporaries. She has a crush on Skeeter. Beebe was Alice Playten's final animated role before her death in 2011.
Al and Moo Sleech (Both voiced by Eddie Korbich
): Smart twin brothers, both of whom have light purple skin. Doug looks to them for help whenever needed. In the second series, they skip the middle school grades and end up going to high school, but their relationship with Doug and others are still intact. They are each shown to have a crush on Judy.
William "Bill" Bluff II (Voiced by Doug Preis
): Beebee's father, the richest man in Bluffington, and the descendant of Bluffington's founder. He tends to be somewhat greedy and can be the main antagonist, such as in the movie. He is fairly close with Mayor White, suggesting that Bluff uses White as a pawn through lucrative campaign contributions.
The A/V Nerds: A small club at Bluffington Elementary and then Beebe Bluff Middle that, as their name suggests, specializes in audio and video. Doug has gone to them for help a few times.
Walter "Skunky" Beaumont (Voiced by Doug Preis
): A typical slacker surfer dude, with a voice that is reminiscent of the Fast Times At Ridgemont High character Jeff Spicoli. In the Nickelodeon series, he was commonly mentioned, but never seen nor heard.
Guy Graham (Voiced by Guy Hadley): A purple-skinned schoolkid appearing only in the Disney series, a very handsome and eccentric, but rather selfish and inconsiderate kid. He is editor-in-chief for the school newspaper and is both Doug's boss and his rival, most especially for Patti's love. In Doug's Quailman fantasies, he has the villain identities of Golden Salmon, Rupert Schmupert, and an unnamed space slug. He was named after his own actor.
Connie Benge (Voiced by Becca Lish): A naive schoolgirl. In the Nickelodeon series, she seemed to have a small crush on Doug. This relationship with him remains in the Disney series, though she also tries to develop a similar relationship with Roger. Although she was rather heavy-set in the first series, she lost weight between the two series and got a new wardrobe and hairstyle after visiting a beauty farm, making her look quite different in both shows. During the first season on Nickelodeon, she had purple skin and blond hair, and was never mentioned by name.
Chalky Studebaker (Voiced by Doug Preis
): A surprisingly friendly and helpful school jock with light green skin, who wants to follow the footsteps of his older brother Cliff.
Joe Valentine (Voiced by Billy West
in the Nickelodeon series): Skeeter's father. Has a tendency to have short-term memory loss. He also has a foul temper, normally trying to count on himself, but he always skips to 10 after getting to 2.
released a series of Doug videos between 1993 and 1996. Walt Disney Home Video released four videos of Disney's Doug in 1997; each collection featured two episodes.
In 2008, Nickelodeon partnered with Amazon.com
to allow new and old programming to be made available on DVD through CreateSpace. As part of the deal, Amazon.com is responsible for producing the discs (on one time burnable media
) on-demand as well as cover and disc art. Seasons 3 and 4 of Doug were released on DVD on December 8, 2009, and December 22, 2009, respectively.
Season 4 was supposed to be released as a complete season, but Nickelodeon was unable to locate two episodes from the final Nickelodeon season of the show, and opted to rename the DVD release Doug: The Best of Season 4.
All Nickelodeon episodes including the two that are missing from the season 4 DVD, are available from video on demand
services such as iTunes Store
, PlayStation Network, Zune Marketplace.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
animated sitcom created by Jim Jinkins
Jim Jinkins
James "Jim" Jinkins is an American animator and creator of the animated Doug television series which was later the basis for a feature film. Jinkins also created PB&J Otter. He is a 1975 graduate of Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee.-Background and Career:Jinkins was born on August 8,...
and co-produced by his studio, Jumbo Pictures (now known as Cartoon Pizza
Cartoon Pizza
Cartoon Pizza is an animation company located in New York City. It was co-founded by Jim Jinkins and David Campbell as the successor to Jinkins' former company, Jumbo Pictures, Inc. Cartoon Pizza's logo is a picture of a pizza with a face in front of a globe and under the logo is the company's...
). Doug centers on the surreal and imaginative exploits of its title character, Douglas "Doug" Funnie, who experiences common predicaments while attending middle school
Middle school
Middle School and Junior High School are levels of schooling between elementary and high schools. Most school systems use one term or the other, not both. The terms are not interchangeable...
. The series lampoons several topics, including puppy love
Puppy love
Puppy love is an informal term for feelings of love or infatuation felt by young people during childhood and adolescence, so-called for its resemblance to the adoring, worshipful affection that may be felt by a puppy. 'Simple infatuation is often called a "crush" or "puppy love"...
, bullying, and rumor
Rumor
A rumor or rumour is often viewed as "an unverified account or explanation of events circulating from person to person and pertaining to an object, event, or issue in public concern" However, a review of the research on rumor conducted by Pendleton in 1998 found that research across sociology,...
s. Many episodes center around Doug's attempts to woo fellow classmate Patti Mayonnaise.
Doug originally aired on Nickelodeon
Nickelodeon (TV channel)
Nickelodeon, often simply called Nick and originally named Pinwheel, is an American children's channel owned by MTV Networks, a subsidiary of Viacom International. The channel is primarily aimed at children ages 7–17, with the exception of their weekday morning program block aimed at preschoolers...
in the United States. It, along with Rugrats
Rugrats
Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The series premiered on August 11, 1991, and aired its last episode on June 8, 2004....
and The Ren & Stimpy Show, comprised the original three Nicktoons
Nicktoons
Nicktoons are animated television shows that are produced by and aired on the children's television channel Nickelodeon. Prior to 1991, Nickelodeon aired mostly foreign made animated series. The idea for Nicktoons was formed in 1989 and on Sunday, August 11, 1991, the first Nicktoon, Doug, was...
, premiering simultaneously on August 11, 1991 and ending in December 1994. Following the acquisition of the former Jumbo Pictures by Disney
The Walt Disney Company
The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate in the world in terms of revenue. Founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Walt Disney Productions established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into...
in 1996, the series aired on ABC
American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...
as part of the former Disney's One Saturday Morning programming block. The second series premiered on September 7, 1996, and ended on June 26, 1999 while having a feature film adaption
Doug's 1st Movie
Doug's 1st Movie is a 1999 animated film based on the Disney version of the Nickelodeon television series Doug. The film was directed by Maurice Joyce, and stars the regular television cast of Tom McHugh, Fred Newman, Chris Phillips, Constance Shulman, Frank Welker, Alice Playten, and Guy Hadley...
. In 2011, the Nickelodeon series became syndicated on TeenNick
TeenNick
TeenNick, formerly The N, is an American television network aimed at the teenage market. TeenNick is owned by the MTV Networks subsidiary, Viacom. The channel was originally known as The N from its April 1, 2002 launch until September 28, 2009....
's then newly-debuted The '90s Are All That
The '90s Are All That
The '90s Are All That is a programming block that airs on TeenNick. The block shows requested Nickelodeon shows from the 1990s, airing in a two-hour block running every night from midnight to 2 a.m., with an encore from 2 to 4 a.m...
block.
Plot
Doug Funnie and his family (which consists of parents Theda and Phil, sister Judy, and anthropomorphicAnthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism is any attribution of human characteristics to animals, non-living things, phenomena, material states, objects or abstract concepts, such as organizations, governments, spirits or deities. The term was coined in the mid 1700s...
dog Porkchop) move from the town of Bloatsburg to Bluffington after his dad receives a job promotion. Often, Doug will write in his journal about his experiences in his new hometown.
Production
Doug was created by former Nickelodeon artist Jim Jinkins in September 1990, and produced through Jinkins' production company, Jumbo Pictures, Inc. Originating with an unpublished book, Doug's Got a New Pair of Shoes, by artist and series creator Jim Jinkins and writer Joe Aaron, the 1991 animated series Doug emerged on the Nickelodeon TV. The creator of the show, Jim Jinkins, named the main character Doug after his godson, Doug Eckhardt, currently an art history major at the University of Pennsylvania. The idea for "Quailman", an imaginary superhero whom Doug often pretends to be in the cartoon, was inspired by a similar superhero invented by Jinkins when he was younger.First series (1991–1994)
Doug premiered on Nickelodeon on August 11, 1991 where it continued until December 16, 1994, and was aired in reruns until 2003, being the first Nicktoon. Doug was reran on Noggin since its launch date on February 2, 1999 until March 31, 2002 and later premiered in reruns on its former night-time shift block The N on April 1, 2002, where it continued until February 12, 2003, and was in reruns again until September 2006. Doug aired on Nick on CBS on September 14, 2002, and where it continued until September 11, 2004. As of 2009, Nickelodeon's Doug airs reruns on MTV Tr3́s affiliates bb KBEHKBEH
KBEH digital channel 24.1 is an Tr3́s affiliate serving the Los Angeles television market. It is licensed to Oxnard, California, and is owned by HERO Broadcasting...
and KMOH-TV
KMOH-TV
KMOH-TV is a full-service television station in Kingman, Arizona, providing over-the-air service to Kingman, Bullhead City/Laughlin, and surrounding Mohave County. It broadcasts in digital on UHF channel 19 from its transmitter on Black Mountain near Oatman...
(as an E/I
E/I
E/I, which stands for "educational and informative," refers to a type of children's television programming shown in the United States. The Federal Communications Commission requires that every full-service Terrestrial television station in the U.S. show at least three hours of these television...
program) in the US and on Nicktoonsters
Nicktoonsters
Nicktoonsters was a television channel in the United Kingdom, which launched on August 18, 2008 on Sky 630. It was a spinoff channel of Nicktoons. Its licence first appeared on the OFCOM website in September 2007...
in the UK.
In the first episode, Douglas Yancey Funnie and his family (Phil, Theda and sister Judy) arrive in a new town called Bluffington after moving away from their former residence in Bloatsburg. There, he meets Skeeter, Patti, Roger and Beebe, and his new life in a new town begins.
John Kricfalusi
John Kricfalusi
Michael John Kricfalusi , better known as John K., is a Canadian animator. He is creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, its adults-only spin-off Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon", The Ripping Friends animated series, and Weekend Pussy Hunt, which was billed as "the world's first interactive web-based...
, the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, stated on a DVD commentary for his show that among the three original Nicktoons (Rugrats
Rugrats
Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The series premiered on August 11, 1991, and aired its last episode on June 8, 2004....
being the other one), Nickelodeon was banking
Bankable star
A bankable star is an actor famous or charismatic enough to be "capable of guaranteeing box-office success simply by showing up in a movie". A bankable director is a similar notion.- Overview :...
on Doug to be its major hit. This, however, was not the case; Rugrats would go on to be the biggest hit of the three original Nicktoons, going on to have the longest run of any Nicktoon to date and still airing on the channel as of 2011, where as Doug, although still popular, had the shortest run of the three.
During the course of the show's run, it won two Kids' Choice Awards (one in 1992 and one in 1995).
Reruns of Nickelodeon
Nickelodeon (TV channel)
Nickelodeon, often simply called Nick and originally named Pinwheel, is an American children's channel owned by MTV Networks, a subsidiary of Viacom International. The channel is primarily aimed at children ages 7–17, with the exception of their weekday morning program block aimed at preschoolers...
's Doug began airing on TeenNick
TeenNick
TeenNick, formerly The N, is an American television network aimed at the teenage market. TeenNick is owned by the MTV Networks subsidiary, Viacom. The channel was originally known as The N from its April 1, 2002 launch until September 28, 2009....
on July 25, 2011 as part of a newly-created block airing Nickelodeon's programming from the 1990s called The '90s Are All That
The '90s Are All That
The '90s Are All That is a programming block that airs on TeenNick. The block shows requested Nickelodeon shows from the 1990s, airing in a two-hour block running every night from midnight to 2 a.m., with an encore from 2 to 4 a.m...
. On August 24, 2011, TeenNick announced it will be replacing the show with Hey Arnold!
Hey Arnold!
Hey Arnold! is an American animated television series created by Craig Bartlett for Nickelodeon. The show's premise focuses on a fourth grader named Arnold who lives with his grandparents. Episodes center on his experiences navigating big city life while dealing with the problems he and his friends...
on September 5. Reruns returned to TeenNick on September 26, 2011.
Second series (1996–1999)
In 1996, the series was picked up by The Walt Disney CompanyThe Walt Disney Company
The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate in the world in terms of revenue. Founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Walt Disney Productions established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into...
after Jinkins sold off Jumbo Pictures to the aforementioned corporation, and as such the rights to Doug with it. Disney ordered new episodes of Doug to be produced (renamed Brand Spanking New! Doug, and then later Disney's Doug) which ran from 1996 to 1999.
Several differences between the Nickelodeon and Disney shows exist. The musical style switched from a cappella
A cappella
A cappella music is specifically solo or group singing without instrumental sound, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It is the opposite of cantata, which is accompanied singing. A cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato...
to an orchestrated style (meaning that a new theme song was made), though a capella was still heard at times. Doug was also voiced by McHugh now and Roger by Phillips, due to West refusing to return because of payment conflicts with Disney (West would later say that he hated the Disney series, citing his thoughts of McHugh's performance as Doug.). Many changes were addressed in Doug's Last Birthday, the first episode of the Disney series.
- The episode takes place a year after the Nickelodeon series, making everyone a year older. As such, Doug is now twelve years old instead of eleven, though he was eleven throughout most of the episode.
- Throughout the episode, Doug learns about the meanings of change. He has a new long hairstyle, but is embarrased by it and hides it with a red and blue cap. Skeeter mentions that he sounds different (This refers to McHugh now voicing Doug instead of West, though McHugh was still perfecting his voice for Doug during the episode.), and he finally gets a new haircut that is identical to what he had before, only with nine pieces of hair instead of eight. He also gets a new shirt and pair of shorts, but of which are identical to what he had on before, but with longer sleeves.
- Patti, who was now starting to wear earrings, decides to change her wardrobe, and also gets a new hairdo. She is also being schooled at home during mornings.
- Judy's hair is no longer shaved on the sides.
- Skeeter gets a new shirt that is identical to his older one, except with a zero instead of a thunderbolt and a slightly brighter color. He also gets new shorts that look similar to his old ones and is normally shown with a purple vest. Also, his skin has even more blue in it.
- Connie, upon going to a beauty farm, had got a new hairstyle and wardrobe, and also lost a considerable amount of weight.
- The Beets had broken up, due to conflicts with each other
- Honker Burger (A parody of the real-life In-N-Out BurgerIn-N-Out BurgerIn-N-Out Burger is a regional chain of fast food restaurants with locations in the western United States. Founded in 1948 by Harry Snyder and his wife Esther, establishing the first In-N-Out burger in Baldwin Park and headquartered in Irvine, California, In-N-Out Burger has since expanded outside...
) had gone bankrupt and replaced with a French restauraunt named Chiz Honque, leaving Mr. Swirly's as the new hangout for most of the characters (Mr. Swirly was a character that appeared a few times during the Nickelodeon years). - Beebe gets her bangs cut.
- Roger's mother suddenly becomes rich after she finally sells the land that her trailer is on to Bill Bluff for a heavy amount of money, and she and Roger move into a mansion and get new clothes and hairstyles. Incidentally, there are less times of Roger being rude to Doug than he was in the Nickelodeon series, though during these moments, he can act more mean towards him.
The next episode, Doug's New School, introduced Beebe Bluff Middle School, with Emily Kristal becoming Doug's new teacher, Bone transferring to the school with the same job that he had at Bluffington Elementary, and former mayor Bob White (In the Nickelodeon episode Doug Runs, Tippi Dink defeated him in election, becoming mayor for the rest of the series) becoming the principal. A later Christmas episode called Doug's Secret Christmas introduced a baby sister named Cleopartra "Dirtbike" Funnie. In addition to these changes, Skunky Beaumont also became a prominent character in the Disney series, having been mentioned but never seen or heard in the Nickelodeon series.
Unlike the Nickelodeon series, where every episode focused on Doug with him narrating, the Disney series had several episodes that also focused on several other characters, usually without any narration at all.
On March 15, 1999, Disney premiered a new musical stage show, "Doug Live!" at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Disney's Hollywood Studios
Disney's Hollywood Studios is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. Spanning 135 acres in size, its theme is show business, drawing inspiration from the heyday of Hollywood in the 1930s and 1940s...
(at the time known as Disney-MGM Studios) at the Walt Disney World Resort
Walt Disney World Resort
Walt Disney World Resort , is the world's most-visited entertaimental resort. Located in Lake Buena Vista, Florida ; approximately southwest of Orlando, Florida, United States, the resort covers an area of and includes four theme parks, two water parks, 23 on-site themed resort hotels Walt...
. The show ran until May 12, 2001. Additionally, a theatrical feature-length film, Doug's 1st Movie
Doug's 1st Movie
Doug's 1st Movie is a 1999 animated film based on the Disney version of the Nickelodeon television series Doug. The film was directed by Maurice Joyce, and stars the regular television cast of Tom McHugh, Fred Newman, Chris Phillips, Constance Shulman, Frank Welker, Alice Playten, and Guy Hadley...
was released on March 26, 1999, before production on the television show ceased. During this time, meet-and-greet costumed versions of Doug and Patti were seen in Disney World. The characters have been retired, but sometimes make appearances (usually if another character cannot make it to their meet-and-greet). Following the stage show, a version for Game Boy Color
Game Boy Color
The is Nintendo's successor to the 8-bit Game Boy handheld game console, and was released on October 21, 1998 in Japan, November 19, 1998 in North America, November 23, 1998 in Europe and November 27, 1998 in the United Kingdom. It features a color screen and is slightly thicker and taller than...
was released in 2000, titled Doug's Big Game
Doug's Big Game
Doug's Big Game is a video game for the Game Boy Color, published by NewKidCo, developed by ImaginEngine and was released on December 15, 2000 in North America and on April 6, 2001 in Europe. The working title for the game was "Doug: Quailman to the Rescue".-References:* at GameFAQs...
.
During the course of the show, Doug was nominated for at least two Daytime Emmy Awards.
Disney aired their series as part of ABC's Saturday Morning lineup in 1996 (following Disney's purchasing of the network), and the show became part of Disney's One Saturday Morning block in 1997. Despite controversy from fans of the Nickelodeon series, it proved to be a very popular show, spanning a number of different types of merchandise, and was for a time the most popular show on the block, with the title quickly taken by Recess
Recess
Recess is a general term for a period of time in which a group of people is temporarily dismissed from its duties. Inparliamentary procedure, a recess is initiated by a motion to recess...
.
In the Disney series, every episode was a full-length episode of about 22 minutes, split into three segments. In the Nickelodeon series, most episodes were composed of two 11-minute segments. The only exceptions are the premiere, Christmas, and Halloween episodes, which were full-length episodes split into two segments.
Characters
Douglas Yancey "Doug" Funnie (Voiced by Billy WestBilly West
William Richard "Billy" West is an American voice actor. Born in Detroit but raised in the Roslindale neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, Billy launched his career in the early 1980s performing daily comedic routines on Boston's WBCN. He left the radio station to work on the short-lived revival...
in the Nickelodeon series and by Tom McHugh
Tom McHugh
Thomas McHugh is an American voice actor. He is probably best known for his role as Douglas Funnie during its years on ABC as Disney's Doug, and its full-length film, Doug's 1st Movie, following Billy West's departure from the series. He has also played various characters on animated series...
in the Disney series): Doug is the title character, a shy, extremely insecure, somewhat clumsy, gullible, naive, 11½ (turns 12 in the Disney series) year old boy with an enormous heart, a large imagination a talent for writing, and a love for music. Doug's favorite instrument is a banjo
Banjo
In the 1830s Sweeney became the first white man to play the banjo on stage. His version of the instrument replaced the gourd with a drum-like sound box and included four full-length strings alongside a short fifth-string. There is no proof, however, that Sweeney invented either innovation. This new...
, and uses it in his spare time. Doug narrates every episode, and writes his experiences in his journal. Doug also imagines himself as several alter egos, particularly a superhero named Quailman, spy
SPY
SPY is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:* SPY , ticker symbol for Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts* SPY , a satirical monthly, trademarked all-caps* SPY , airport code for San Pédro, Côte d'Ivoire...
film character Smash Adams, and adventuring archaeologist Race Canyon. Doug is left-handed. His birthday is August 22, 1980.
Theda Funnie (Voiced by Becca Lish): Doug, Judy, and Dirtbike's mother, generally portrayed as a housewife, but sometimes a working mother too. Her skin is slightly brighter than Doug's, her hair is blue, and is shown to be rather meek and somewhat clumsy.
Phil Funnie (Voiced by Doug Preis
Doug Preis
Doug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): Doug, Judy, and Dirtbike's father, a photographer for a department store. His personality is friendly, outgoing, and sometimes clumsy. His skin has a hint of orange, and he can be seen giving Doug advice, most of which is mostly, if not completely, useless.
Roger M. Klotz (Voiced by Billy West
Billy West
William Richard "Billy" West is an American voice actor. Born in Detroit but raised in the Roslindale neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, Billy launched his career in the early 1980s performing daily comedic routines on Boston's WBCN. He left the radio station to work on the short-lived revival...
in the Nickelodeon series and by Chris Phillips
Chris Phillips (voice actor)
Chris Phillips is an American voice actor, writer and singer. He studied at Stella Adler and attended Emerson College in Boston, Ma.Chris might be best known as the voice of the Face mascot on Nick Jr. Face ran from 1994 until 2003...
in the Disney series): Roger is Doug's rival and the neighborhood bully. Roger and his divorced mother lived in a trailer park in the first series; in the second series, Roger's family become wealthy after a real-estate deal struck between the owner of the trailer park and the Bluff family. As the bully, Roger always tries to poke fun at those around him. Doug uses Roger as a villain in most of his Quailman comics, most notably mad scientist
Mad scientist
A mad scientist is a stock character of popular fiction, specifically science fiction. The mad scientist may be villainous or antagonistic, benign or neutral, and whether insane, eccentric, or simply bumbling, mad scientists often work with fictional technology in order to forward their schemes, if...
Dr. Klotzenstein. Roger has a crush on Doug's sister Judy, and owns a cat named Stinky who rivals Doug's dog Porkchop. Roger plays lead electric guitar for his band and is also an accomplished ballet dancer, much to Doug's surprise. Despite his nature, he is also portrayed as generally closer to Doug in the second series than in the first, sometimes acting more like a friend. "Joeycookamonga!" is his catchphrase, though it was said only once in the first series. He is normally seen with his three fellow gang members, all of whom together form a rock band called Roger and the Ulcers.
- Boomer Bledsoe (Voiced by Chris PhillipsChris Phillips (voice actor)Chris Phillips is an American voice actor, writer and singer. He studied at Stella Adler and attended Emerson College in Boston, Ma.Chris might be best known as the voice of the Face mascot on Nick Jr. Face ran from 1994 until 2003...
): Has orange skin and green hair and is shown to be more nice to Doug than rude. - Ned Cauphee (Voiced by Fred NewmanFred Newman (actor)Frederick R. Newman is an American actor, voice actor, composer, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk show host....
): Has ten brothers and twin sisters and two different-looking eyes. He is the smartest and most vocal of the gang. - Willie White (Voiced by Doug PreisDoug PreisDoug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): Bob's son. He is short and has light brown skin and purple hair. Willie is much less inclined to politics than his father (in fact, the one time he ran for class treasurer, his father controlled the entire campaign), and is extraordinarily stupid. He also takes piano lessons.
Patricia "Patti" Mayonnaise (Voiced by Constance Shulman): Doug's classmate and secret crush, a star athlete with multiple talents. She notes that for all her talents, she is unable to cook. Her father, Chad, is a paraplegic, and her mother is deceased, as revealed in the episode "Doug Rocks the House", where Doug accidentally destroys her old house by throwing rocks at it. In the Disney series, she gets a super heroic persona named Supersport.
Porkchop (Voiced by Fred Newman
Fred Newman (actor)
Frederick R. Newman is an American actor, voice actor, composer, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk show host....
): Doug's anthropomorphic dog who is generally more reformed than others. He lives in an igloo
Igloo
An igloo or snowhouse is a type of shelter built of snow, originally built by the Inuit....
-shaped doghouse in the first series, and a teepee in the second.
Cleopatra "Dirtbike" Funnie (Voiced by Fred Newman
Fred Newman (actor)
Frederick R. Newman is an American actor, voice actor, composer, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk show host....
): The baby sister of the family, appearing only in the Disney series. She debuts in the episode "Doug's Secret Christmas". She gets her name from Judy snatching Doug's Christmas list and making fun of the names of what was on it and then sarcastically making relevant suggestions, one of them Cleopatra. In the end, Theda, who had been present at the time, says that she took a name suggestion from each of them. The name was decided via a Disney Adventures contest, with the winner receiving a drawing of himself with Doug and his friends.
Mosquito "Skeeter" Valentine (Voiced by Fred Newman
Fred Newman (actor)
Frederick R. Newman is an American actor, voice actor, composer, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk show host....
): Skeeter is Doug's lanky best friend. He is famous in both series for the honking sounds he frequently makes. Skeeter's family who has lived in Bluffington for some time. Skeeter initially helps Doug order food from the popular Bluffington restaurant Honker Burger (sold and converted into a French restaurant in the second series) in the series premiere (resulting in their friendship), and later helps Doug learn how to dance. He has a superhero alter-ego, whom he calls The Silver Skeeter. It is revealed that Skeeter is highly intelligent (much to Doug's discomfort), later gaining the respect of geeky twin brothers Al and Moo.
Dale Valentine (Voiced by Fred Newman
Fred Newman (actor)
Frederick R. Newman is an American actor, voice actor, composer, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk show host....
): Skeeter's two-year-old baby brother. He is mischievous and commonly plays around with Doug, such as commenting on his big nose.
Judith Anastasia "Judy" Funnie (Voiced by Becca Lish): Doug's older sister and the oddball of the family, she is obsessed with the works of William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
, and is a wanna-be actress and artist who attends a special art school for gifted individuals. She is a rather intelligent person, but at times is embarrassed by the banality of her family. She and Doug have normal bouts of sibling rivalry, but usually put it aside when faced with a problem. She is a stereotypical beatnik
Beatnik
Beatnik was a media stereotype of the 1950s and early 1960s that displayed the more superficial aspects of the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s and violent film images, along with a cartoonish depiction of the real-life people and the spiritual quest in Jack Kerouac's autobiographical...
.
Buddy "Bud" Dink (Voiced by Fred Newman
Fred Newman (actor)
Frederick R. Newman is an American actor, voice actor, composer, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk show host....
): A slightly eccentric, purple-skinned, retired neighbor of the Funnies, the first neighbor Doug meets. Always has a number of high-tech gadgets that were "very expensive". Claimed to be a writer in the first episode. Doug frequently goes to Mr. Dink for advice, but his advice usually ends up making the situation worse.
Tippingdale "Tippi" Dink (Voiced by Doris Belack): Bud's sarcastic and normally monotonous, but generally well-intentioned and friendly, wife. Near the end of the first series, she defeated White in election as mayor. This role, which toned down her sarcasm, continued into the second series.
Lamar Bone (Voiced by Doug Preis
Doug Preis
Doug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): Assistant/vice-principal Lamar Bone is the stereotypical "mean principal" of Doug's schools. Mr. Bone is generally uptight and serious about his job, and commonly threatens to put even the smallest mistakes on permanent records. In his personal life, he enjoys yodeling
Yodeling
Yodeling is a form of singing that involves singing an extended note which rapidly and repeatedly changes in pitch from the vocal or chest register to the falsetto/head register; making a high-low-high-low sound.The English word yodel is derived from a German word jodeln meaning "to...
and clog dancing
Clogging
Clogging is a type of folk dance with roots in traditional European dancing, early African-American dance, and traditional Cherokee dance in which the dancer's footwear is used musically by striking the heel, the toe, or both in unison against a floor or each other to create audible percussive...
which have earned him many accolades and trophies -- some of which he kept at Bluffington Elementary. Mr. Bone's speech is akin that of Don Knotts
Don Knotts
Jesse Donald "Don" Knotts was an American comedic actor best known for his portrayal of Barney Fife on the 1960s television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show, a role which earned him five Emmy Awards...
.
Robert "Bob" White (Voiced by Greg Lee): The former mayor
Mayor
In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of Bluffington and principal of Beebe Bluff School; a stereotypical fast talking glad-handing politician. He is best known for his campaign slogan "Vote for me!" and is overweight, is almost always shown wearing a grey suit and tie, and his white hair is always styled. He is eventually voted out of office in favor of Mrs. Dink, after which he takes the role of middle school principal (and Bone's superior) in the Disney series, a role he uses (somewhat unethically) to campaign for his old office back.
Beebe Bluff (Voiced by Alice Playten
Alice Playten
Alice Playten was an American actress and singer.-Life and career:Born Alice Plotkin in New York City, Playten began her career in the Broadway musical Gypsy...
): A stereotypically spoiled heiress to the Bluff family fortune. Beebe is the daughter of Bill Bluff, the richest man in the town and a friend of Mayor White. The Bluff family is the namesake of the town of Bluffington, and in the second series, the school is even named after Beebe. Despite a certain air of superiority over her peers, Beebe maintains friendships with Patti Mayonnaise and most of her other contemporaries. She has a crush on Skeeter. Beebe was Alice Playten's final animated role before her death in 2011.
Al and Moo Sleech (Both voiced by Eddie Korbich
Eddie Korbich
Eddie Korbich is an actor, singer, dancer. He was born in Washington, D.C. but grew up in Shamokin, Pennsylvania.-1980s:He graduated from the Boston Conservatory with a B.F.A...
): Smart twin brothers, both of whom have light purple skin. Doug looks to them for help whenever needed. In the second series, they skip the middle school grades and end up going to high school, but their relationship with Doug and others are still intact. They are each shown to have a crush on Judy.
William "Bill" Bluff II (Voiced by Doug Preis
Doug Preis
Doug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): Beebee's father, the richest man in Bluffington, and the descendant of Bluffington's founder. He tends to be somewhat greedy and can be the main antagonist, such as in the movie. He is fairly close with Mayor White, suggesting that Bluff uses White as a pawn through lucrative campaign contributions.
The A/V Nerds: A small club at Bluffington Elementary and then Beebe Bluff Middle that, as their name suggests, specializes in audio and video. Doug has gone to them for help a few times.
- Brian (Voiced by Doug PreisDoug PreisDoug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): Has cream-colored skin and a mouth appliance. - Elmo (Voiced by Alice PlaytenAlice PlaytenAlice Playten was an American actress and singer.-Life and career:Born Alice Plotkin in New York City, Playten began her career in the Broadway musical Gypsy...
): The sortest member. He has dark blue skin. - Larry (Voiced by Chris PhillipsChris Phillips (voice actor)Chris Phillips is an American voice actor, writer and singer. He studied at Stella Adler and attended Emerson College in Boston, Ma.Chris might be best known as the voice of the Face mascot on Nick Jr. Face ran from 1994 until 2003...
): A pink-skinned and obese kid that is normally meek but can have a temper. - Lincoln (Voiced by Tom McHughTom McHughThomas McHugh is an American voice actor. He is probably best known for his role as Douglas Funnie during its years on ABC as Disney's Doug, and its full-length film, Doug's 1st Movie, following Billy West's departure from the series. He has also played various characters on animated series...
): A skinny kid with light blue skin. He appears to be slightly modeled on Doug.
Walter "Skunky" Beaumont (Voiced by Doug Preis
Doug Preis
Doug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): A typical slacker surfer dude, with a voice that is reminiscent of the Fast Times At Ridgemont High character Jeff Spicoli. In the Nickelodeon series, he was commonly mentioned, but never seen nor heard.
Guy Graham (Voiced by Guy Hadley): A purple-skinned schoolkid appearing only in the Disney series, a very handsome and eccentric, but rather selfish and inconsiderate kid. He is editor-in-chief for the school newspaper and is both Doug's boss and his rival, most especially for Patti's love. In Doug's Quailman fantasies, he has the villain identities of Golden Salmon, Rupert Schmupert, and an unnamed space slug. He was named after his own actor.
Connie Benge (Voiced by Becca Lish): A naive schoolgirl. In the Nickelodeon series, she seemed to have a small crush on Doug. This relationship with him remains in the Disney series, though she also tries to develop a similar relationship with Roger. Although she was rather heavy-set in the first series, she lost weight between the two series and got a new wardrobe and hairstyle after visiting a beauty farm, making her look quite different in both shows. During the first season on Nickelodeon, she had purple skin and blond hair, and was never mentioned by name.
Chalky Studebaker (Voiced by Doug Preis
Doug Preis
Doug Preis is an American voice actor. He is best known for his roles in Doug, ThunderCats, and Silverhawks. He also voiced commercials including the Lucky Charms leprechaun and the Vlasic Pickles stork.-Filmography:...
): A surprisingly friendly and helpful school jock with light green skin, who wants to follow the footsteps of his older brother Cliff.
Joe Valentine (Voiced by Billy West
Billy West
William Richard "Billy" West is an American voice actor. Born in Detroit but raised in the Roslindale neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, Billy launched his career in the early 1980s performing daily comedic routines on Boston's WBCN. He left the radio station to work on the short-lived revival...
in the Nickelodeon series): Skeeter's father. Has a tendency to have short-term memory loss. He also has a foul temper, normally trying to count on himself, but he always skips to 10 after getting to 2.
Home video release
Sony WonderSony Wonder
Sony Wonder is a children and family's music and home video arm of Sony Music Entertainment, founded in 1991. The division once distributed material from Sesame Workshop and Classic Media...
released a series of Doug videos between 1993 and 1996. Walt Disney Home Video released four videos of Disney's Doug in 1997; each collection featured two episodes.
In 2008, Nickelodeon partnered with Amazon.com
Amazon.com
Amazon.com, Inc. is a multinational electronic commerce company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is the world's largest online retailer. Amazon has separate websites for the following countries: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, and...
to allow new and old programming to be made available on DVD through CreateSpace. As part of the deal, Amazon.com is responsible for producing the discs (on one time burnable media
DVD-R
DVD-R is a DVD recordable format. A DVD-R typically has a storage capacity of 4.71 GB. Pioneer has also developed an 8.5 GB dual layer version, DVD-R DL, which appeared on the market in 2005....
) on-demand as well as cover and disc art. Seasons 3 and 4 of Doug were released on DVD on December 8, 2009, and December 22, 2009, respectively.
Season 4 was supposed to be released as a complete season, but Nickelodeon was unable to locate two episodes from the final Nickelodeon season of the show, and opted to rename the DVD release Doug: The Best of Season 4.
All Nickelodeon episodes including the two that are missing from the season 4 DVD, are available from video on demand
Video on demand
Video on Demand or Audio and Video On Demand are systems which allow users to select and watch/listen to video or audio content on demand...
services such as iTunes Store
ITunes Store
The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple. Opening as the iTunes Music Store on April 28, 2003, with over 200,000 items to purchase, it is, as of April 2008, the number-one music vendor in the United States...
, PlayStation Network, Zune Marketplace.
| Nick DVD name | Release date | Discs | Episodes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Season 1 (1991) | August 29, 2008 | 3 | 13 |
| Season 2 (1992) | August 29, 2008 | 3 | 13 |
| Season 3 (1993) | December 8, 2009 | 3 | 13 |
| The Best of Season 4 (1993–94) | December 22, 2009 | 3 | 12 |