Duke Hui of Jin
Encyclopedia
Duke Hui of JinAncestral name is Ji(姬), given name is Yiwu (夷吾), was the duke of the State of Jin during Spring and Autumn Period in China. He was the younger brother of Prince Shensheng
(申生) and Duke Wen of Jin
.
, a plot set up by Li Ji
(驪姬), wife of Duke Xian of Jin
, to remove the other princes from the capital and make her own son Prince Xiqi
(奚齊) crown prince, Yiwu was sent to defend Erqu (二屈), modern day Ji County
in Shanxi
.
After the death of Duke Xian of Jin
in the ninth month of 651 BCE, Li Ji placed her 15-year old son Xiqi on the throne of Jin and made Jin official Xun Xi (荀息) chancellor to help him with government affairs. In the tenth month of 651 BCE, a Jin official named Li Ke (里克) killed Xiqi roughly a month after his ascension to the throne. Duke Xian of Jin was not yet properly buried at that time. Chancellor Xun Xi then placed Zhuozi (卓子), the youngest son of Duke Xian of Jin on the throne of Jin, even though Zhuozi was still a toddler at that time. After that, Xun Xi finished the burial of Duke Xian of Jin. In the eleventh month of 651 BCE, Li Ke killed Zhuozi and his aunt Li Ji. Xun Xi then committed suicide by hanging himelf. Shao Ji (少姬), the younger sister of Li Ji and mother of Zhuozi, was imprisoned.
Li Ke invited Prince Chonger
, then in the State of Qi, back to the State of Jin to become the next duke. Prince Chonger declined so Li Ke then invited Prince Yiwu who was then in the State of Liang
and he accepted. Yiwu ascended the throne of Jin and became Duke Hui of Jin. Li Ke was then sentenced by Duke Hui of Jin to commit suicide.
, the duke of Qin at that time, agreed and sold some grain to Jin.
In 646 BCE, the fifth year of his reign, the State of Qin experienced a famine but Duke Hui of Jin was not willing to sell some of its grain to Qin, despite his official Qing Zheng's (慶鄭) advise. Duke Mu of Qin invaded Jin in rage and attacked Jin in the land of Han (韓). Duke Hui of Jin refused to let Qing Zheng drive his chariot. While in battle, the chariot of Duke Hui of Jin got stuck in mud so the Qin troops closed in on him. He immediately ordered Qing Zheng to drive his chariot, but Qing Zheng simply walked away. He then ordered Liang Yao (梁繇) to drive his chariot and Guo She (虢射) was responsible in defending and attacking Duke Mu of Qin. In the end, the Jin troops were defeated and retreated back. Duke Hui of Jin was taken captive back to Qin.
When the day came that he was going to be killed as an offering to the gods, Bo Ji (伯姬), the wife of Duke Mu of Qin and half-sister of Duke Hui of Jin, as seen wearing mourning clothes while weeping. Duke Mu of Qin, at the sight of his wife, told him that the capture of the duke of Jin should celebrated, not mourned upon. Duke Mu of Qin also told Boji that once he had heard that when Duke of Jin's ancestor Tang Shuyu
was given land, the famous politician Jizi
famously said that his descendants would thrive and be prosperous. Because of this, Duke Mu of Qin agreed to form an alliance with Jin and agreed to send Duke Hui of Jin back to Jin.
On the eleventh month of 646 BCE, Duke Mu of Qin escorted Duke Hui of Jin back to Jin. He immediately killed Qing Zheng for his treason and fixed the Jin government. He also discussed with his officials that since Prince Chonger
is still alive, many officials favor him and are willing to receive him. Therefore, Duke Hui of Jin sent men to the Di tribe (翟族), one of the northern Rong tribes (戎族), where Prince Chonger was hiding to kill him. As soon as Prince Chonger heard of this, he escaped to the State of Qi.
In 643 BCE, the eighth year of his reign, he agreed Crown Prince Yu to become a slave of the State of Qin. In 641 BCE, the tenth year of his reign, Duke Mu of Qin invaded the State of Liang
. At that time, the Count of Liang was leading a large-scale construction project to build a city moat and ditch. The citizens were tired and were scared when the Qin troops arrived so the State of Liang was easily conquered by Qin.
On the ninth month 637 BCE, the fourteenth year of his reign, Duke Hui of Jin died and Crown Prince Yu ascended to the throne and became Duke Huai of Jin.
Prince Shensheng of Jin
Prince Shensheng , was the eldest son of Duke Xian of Jin and the crown prince of the State of Jin during the reign of Duke Xian of Jin before he was replaced by his half-brother Prince Xiqi .-Biography:...
(申生) and Duke Wen of Jin
Duke Wen of Jin
Duke Jin Wen led the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His ancestral name is Ji,clan name is Jin Duke Jin Wen (晋文公) (697 BC - 628 BC) led the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His ancestral...
.
Before Reign as Duke
Due to the Li Ji RebellionLi Ji Rebellion
The Li Ji Rebellion are a set of events took place in the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period in China, caused by Li Ji, the concubine of Duke Xian of Jin, in order to put his son Prince Xiqi into the throne of Jin.-Background:...
, a plot set up by Li Ji
Li Ji (concubine)
Li Ji was a concubine and later wife of Duke Xian of Jin, ruler of the State of Jin between 676 BC and 651 BC during the Spring and Autumn Period of China. Li Ji is renowned for starting the Li Ji Rebellion which led to the suicide of Prince Shensheng...
(驪姬), wife of Duke Xian of Jin
Duke Xian of Jin
Duke Xian of Jin , Ancestral name is Ji, given name is Guizhu , was the nineteenth ruler of the State of Jin. He was also the ninth ruler of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period and the second duke of Jin. When his father, Duke Wu of Jin, died in 677 BC, Guizhu ascended the throne of Jin and became...
, to remove the other princes from the capital and make her own son Prince Xiqi
Prince Xiqi of Jin
Prince Xiqi , was the son of Li Ji, the concubine of Duke Xian of Jin, and the crown prince of the State of Jin since he replaced Prince Shensheng as crown prince. Late in his life, he became duke for about a month before he was killed....
(奚齊) crown prince, Yiwu was sent to defend Erqu (二屈), modern day Ji County
Ji County, Shanxi
Ji County, Shanxi is a county of Shanxi, China. It is under the administration of Linfen city.-References:*...
in Shanxi
Shanxi
' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
.
After the death of Duke Xian of Jin
Duke Xian of Jin
Duke Xian of Jin , Ancestral name is Ji, given name is Guizhu , was the nineteenth ruler of the State of Jin. He was also the ninth ruler of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period and the second duke of Jin. When his father, Duke Wu of Jin, died in 677 BC, Guizhu ascended the throne of Jin and became...
in the ninth month of 651 BCE, Li Ji placed her 15-year old son Xiqi on the throne of Jin and made Jin official Xun Xi (荀息) chancellor to help him with government affairs. In the tenth month of 651 BCE, a Jin official named Li Ke (里克) killed Xiqi roughly a month after his ascension to the throne. Duke Xian of Jin was not yet properly buried at that time. Chancellor Xun Xi then placed Zhuozi (卓子), the youngest son of Duke Xian of Jin on the throne of Jin, even though Zhuozi was still a toddler at that time. After that, Xun Xi finished the burial of Duke Xian of Jin. In the eleventh month of 651 BCE, Li Ke killed Zhuozi and his aunt Li Ji. Xun Xi then committed suicide by hanging himelf. Shao Ji (少姬), the younger sister of Li Ji and mother of Zhuozi, was imprisoned.
Li Ke invited Prince Chonger
Duke Wen of Jin
Duke Jin Wen led the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His ancestral name is Ji,clan name is Jin Duke Jin Wen (晋文公) (697 BC - 628 BC) led the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His ancestral...
, then in the State of Qi, back to the State of Jin to become the next duke. Prince Chonger declined so Li Ke then invited Prince Yiwu who was then in the State of Liang
Liang (state)
The State of Liang was one of the states during the Spring and Autumn Period , bordering the State of Qin and was conquered by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of the State of Liang has the surname Ying , similar to the neighboring State of Qin...
and he accepted. Yiwu ascended the throne of Jin and became Duke Hui of Jin. Li Ke was then sentenced by Duke Hui of Jin to commit suicide.
Reign as Duke
In 647 BCE, the fourth year of his reign, the State of Jin experienced a famine and requested that the State of Qin to sell some of its grain to Jin. Duke Mu of QinDuke Mu of Qin
Duke Mu of Qin , born Ying Renhao , was a ruler of the State of Qin from 659 or 660 to 621 BC in China. One of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, he greatly expanded the territory of Qin during the reign of King Xiang of Zhou.He acquired many talented advisors, such as Baili Xi,...
, the duke of Qin at that time, agreed and sold some grain to Jin.
In 646 BCE, the fifth year of his reign, the State of Qin experienced a famine but Duke Hui of Jin was not willing to sell some of its grain to Qin, despite his official Qing Zheng's (慶鄭) advise. Duke Mu of Qin invaded Jin in rage and attacked Jin in the land of Han (韓). Duke Hui of Jin refused to let Qing Zheng drive his chariot. While in battle, the chariot of Duke Hui of Jin got stuck in mud so the Qin troops closed in on him. He immediately ordered Qing Zheng to drive his chariot, but Qing Zheng simply walked away. He then ordered Liang Yao (梁繇) to drive his chariot and Guo She (虢射) was responsible in defending and attacking Duke Mu of Qin. In the end, the Jin troops were defeated and retreated back. Duke Hui of Jin was taken captive back to Qin.
When the day came that he was going to be killed as an offering to the gods, Bo Ji (伯姬), the wife of Duke Mu of Qin and half-sister of Duke Hui of Jin, as seen wearing mourning clothes while weeping. Duke Mu of Qin, at the sight of his wife, told him that the capture of the duke of Jin should celebrated, not mourned upon. Duke Mu of Qin also told Boji that once he had heard that when Duke of Jin's ancestor Tang Shuyu
Tang Shuyu
Tang Shuyu , surname : Ji given name ：Yu , and Ziyu , was the founder of the State of Tang and the first ruler of the State of Jin during the Western Zhou Dynasty in China. The State of Tang would later be known as the State of Jin...
was given land, the famous politician Jizi
Jizi
Jizi was a semi-legendary Chinese sage who is said to have ruled Gojoseon in the 11th century BCE. Early Chinese documents like the Book of Documents and the Bamboo Annals described him as a virtuous relative of the last king of the Shang dynasty who was punished for remonstrating the king...
famously said that his descendants would thrive and be prosperous. Because of this, Duke Mu of Qin agreed to form an alliance with Jin and agreed to send Duke Hui of Jin back to Jin.
On the eleventh month of 646 BCE, Duke Mu of Qin escorted Duke Hui of Jin back to Jin. He immediately killed Qing Zheng for his treason and fixed the Jin government. He also discussed with his officials that since Prince Chonger
Duke Wen of Jin
Duke Jin Wen led the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His ancestral name is Ji,clan name is Jin Duke Jin Wen (晋文公) (697 BC - 628 BC) led the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history from 636 BC to 628 BC. His ancestral...
is still alive, many officials favor him and are willing to receive him. Therefore, Duke Hui of Jin sent men to the Di tribe (翟族), one of the northern Rong tribes (戎族), where Prince Chonger was hiding to kill him. As soon as Prince Chonger heard of this, he escaped to the State of Qi.
In 643 BCE, the eighth year of his reign, he agreed Crown Prince Yu to become a slave of the State of Qin. In 641 BCE, the tenth year of his reign, Duke Mu of Qin invaded the State of Liang
Liang (state)
The State of Liang was one of the states during the Spring and Autumn Period , bordering the State of Qin and was conquered by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of the State of Liang has the surname Ying , similar to the neighboring State of Qin...
. At that time, the Count of Liang was leading a large-scale construction project to build a city moat and ditch. The citizens were tired and were scared when the Qin troops arrived so the State of Liang was easily conquered by Qin.
Death and Legacy
In 638 BCE, the thirteenth year of his reign, Duke Hui of Jin is gravely ill. Fearing that his brothers will take over the throne and sad for his mother who lives in the State of Liang, Crown Prince Yu planned with his wife Huaiying (懷嬴) to escape from Qin and Crown Prince Yu arrived before his father had died.On the ninth month 637 BCE, the fourteenth year of his reign, Duke Hui of Jin died and Crown Prince Yu ascended to the throne and became Duke Huai of Jin.
See also
- Spring and Autumn Period
- Zhou DynastyZhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty. Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji family lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as...