Duke of Touraine
Encyclopedia
Duke of Touraine was a title in the Peerage of France
, relating to Touraine
.
It was first created in 1360 for Philip
, youngest son of King John II of France
. He returned the duchy to the Crown in 1363 on being made Duke of Burgundy
and died in 1404.
The next creation was in 1386 for Louis, youngest son of King Charles V of France
. He returned the duchy to the Crown in 1392 on being made Duke of Orléans and died in 1407.
The third creation was in 1401 for John, fourth son of King Charles VI of France
. He became Dauphin of France in 1415 and died unmarried in 1417.
The next creation was in 1416 for Charles
, youngest son of King Charles VI of France, who succeeded his brother as Dauphin in 1417. He succeeded as King Charles VII of France in 1422 when the title merged in the Crown.
The fifth creation was in 1423 for the Scottish nobleman Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, a commander on the French side in the Hundred Years' War
. He was killed at the Battle of Verneuil
in 1424. His son Lord Wigtown
, absent in Scotland, was believed in France to have died without issue, so the title was presumed extinct. When it became apparent that Wigtown had succeeded his father as Earl of Douglas, he was confirmed in the title Duke of Touraine, though not the lands. He died in 1439 and the male line of the fourth Earl of Douglas became extinct on the death of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas
the following year.
The land of Touraine was given, by letters-patent in Bourges
on 21st October 1424, to Louis III of Anjou
, "King of Sicily" (King of Naples).
In 1528, the land of Touraine was given by Francis I of France
to his mother Louise of Savoy
as an exchange with the Duchy of Nemours
, given to her in 1523.
The next creation was in 1576 for Francis, youngest son of King Henry II of France
, who was created Duke of Anjou and Berry
at the same time. He died unmarried in 1584, when the title became extinct.
, to his second son Louis Alphonse
. Following his brother's death in 1984 and his father's one in 1989, he respectively became, under the same pretention, "Duke of Bourbon
" and "Duke of Anjou". He is the current legitimist pretender to the title of King of France as "Louis XX".
As pretender, he didn't reaward the title so far, awarding his twin sons "Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy
" and "Duke of Berry
" respectively.
Peerage of France
The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire...
, relating to Touraine
Touraine
The Touraine is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. During the political reorganization of French territory in 1790, the Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.-Geography:...
.
Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV...
, youngest son of King John II of France
John II of France
John II , called John the Good , was the King of France from 1350 until his death. He was the second sovereign of the House of Valois and is perhaps best remembered as the king who was vanquished at the Battle of Poitiers and taken as a captive to England.The son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame,...
. He returned the duchy to the Crown in 1363 on being made Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks...
and died in 1404.
The next creation was in 1386 for Louis, youngest son of King Charles V of France
Charles V of France
Charles V , called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380 and a member of the House of Valois...
. He returned the duchy to the Crown in 1392 on being made Duke of Orléans and died in 1407.
The third creation was in 1401 for John, fourth son of King Charles VI of France
Charles VI of France
Charles VI , called the Beloved and the Mad , was the King of France from 1380 to 1422, as a member of the House of Valois. His bouts with madness, which seem to have begun in 1392, led to quarrels among the French royal family, which were exploited by the neighbouring powers of England and Burgundy...
. He became Dauphin of France in 1415 and died unmarried in 1417.
The next creation was in 1416 for Charles
Charles VII of France
Charles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was King of France from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent, the Duke of Bedford, ruled much of France including the capital, Paris...
, youngest son of King Charles VI of France, who succeeded his brother as Dauphin in 1417. He succeeded as King Charles VII of France in 1422 when the title merged in the Crown.
The fifth creation was in 1423 for the Scottish nobleman Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, a commander on the French side in the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
. He was killed at the Battle of Verneuil
Battle of Verneuil
The Battle of Verneuil was a battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil in Normandy and was a significant English victory.-The black time:...
in 1424. His son Lord Wigtown
Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas
Archibald Douglas was a Scottish nobleman and General, son of Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas and Margaret Stewart, eldest daughter of Robert III...
, absent in Scotland, was believed in France to have died without issue, so the title was presumed extinct. When it became apparent that Wigtown had succeeded his father as Earl of Douglas, he was confirmed in the title Duke of Touraine, though not the lands. He died in 1439 and the male line of the fourth Earl of Douglas became extinct on the death of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas
William Douglas was a short-lived Scottish Nobleman. He was Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Lord of Bothwell, Selkirk and Ettrick Forest, Eskdale, Lauderdale, and Annandale in Scotland, and de jure Duke of Touraine, Count of Longueville, and Sire of Dun-le-roi in France...
the following year.
The land of Touraine was given, by letters-patent in Bourges
Bourges
Bourges is a city in central France on the Yèvre river. It is the capital of the department of Cher and also was the capital of the former province of Berry.-History:...
on 21st October 1424, to Louis III of Anjou
Louis III of Naples
Louis III was titular King of Naples 1417–1426, Count of Provence, Forcalquier, Piedmont, and Maine and Duke of Anjou 1417–1434, and Duke of Calabria 1426–1434....
, "King of Sicily" (King of Naples).
In 1528, the land of Touraine was given by Francis I of France
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
to his mother Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy was a French noble, Duchess regnant of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, the mother of King Francis I of France...
as an exchange with the Duchy of Nemours
Duke of Nemours
In the 12th and 13th centuries the Lordship of Nemours, in the Gatinais, France, was in possession of the house of Villebeon, a member of which, Gautier, was marshal of France in the middle of the 13th century...
, given to her in 1523.
The next creation was in 1576 for Francis, youngest son of King Henry II of France
Henry II of France
Henry II was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.-Early years:Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany .His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by his sworn enemy,...
, who was created Duke of Anjou and Berry
Duke of Berry
The title of Duke of Berry in the French nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the départements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne. The capital of Berry is Bourges. The first creation was for John, third son of John II, King...
at the same time. He died unmarried in 1584, when the title became extinct.
Modern courtesy title
The title of "Duke of Touraine" was awarded in 1981 by the legitimist pretender, Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Cadiz and "Duke of Anjou"Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz
Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Duke of Cádiz, Grandee of Spain was a grandson of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and a Legitimist claimant to the throne of France.-Life:Alfonso was born in the Clinica Santa Anna in Rome, the elder son of Infante...
, to his second son Louis Alphonse
Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
Prince Louis Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Anjou was not originally among his given names ; born 25 April 1974, Madrid) is a member of the historically royal dynasty of the House of Bourbon, and one of the current pretenders to the defunct crown of France...
. Following his brother's death in 1984 and his father's one in 1989, he respectively became, under the same pretention, "Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of Bourbon...
" and "Duke of Anjou". He is the current legitimist pretender to the title of King of France as "Louis XX".
As pretender, he didn't reaward the title so far, awarding his twin sons "Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks...
" and "Duke of Berry
Duke of Berry
The title of Duke of Berry in the French nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the départements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne. The capital of Berry is Bourges. The first creation was for John, third son of John II, King...
" respectively.