Duke of Burgundy
Encyclopedia
Duchy of Burgundy
The Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians
Burgundians
The Burgundians were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose old form in Old Norse still was Burgundarholmr , and from there to mainland Europe...
west of river Saône
Saône
The Saône is a river of eastern France. It is a right tributary of the River Rhône. Rising at Vioménil in the Vosges department, it joins the Rhône in Lyon....
which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith.-Struggle against his brothers:He was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfurt, when his elder...
's kingdom of West Franks. Today, the title is used by the House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
as a revived courtesy title.
Bosonid dynastyBosonid dynastyThe Bosonids were a dynasty that have been named in modern times by their descent from Boso the Elder. "Bosonids" produced counts, dukes, bishops, and knights during the Carolingian age...
(880-956)
The first margrave (marchio), later duke (dux), of Burgundy was Richard of the House of Ardennes, whose duchy was created from the merging of several regional counties of the kingdom of Provence which had belonged to his brother BosoBoso of Provence
Boso was a Frankish nobleman from the Bosonid-family, who was related to the Carolingian dynasty, who rose to become King of Provence ....
.
His descendants and their relatives by marriage ruled the duchy until its annexation over a century later by the French crown, their suzerain.
- Richard the Justiciar (880–921)
- Rudolph (921–923), then King of France
- Hugh the Black (923–952)
- GilbertGilbert, Duke of BurgundyGilbert of Chalon or Giselbert was count of Chalon, Autun, Troyes, Avallon and Dijon, and duke of Burgundy between 952 and 956. He ruled Burgundy jure uxoris, his wife Ermengarde being sister of Hugh the Black. By her he had two daughters: Adelais and Liutgarde...
(952–956)
Robertian dynastyRobertian dynastyThe Robertians, or Robertines, were a prominent Frankish predecessor family centered in the Western Frankish Kingdom, West Francia and fathers of what...
(956-1004)
- Otto (956–965)
- Eudes Henry the Great (965–1002)
- Otto William (1002–1004)
House of CapetHouse of CapetThe House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, , also called The House of France , or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians. As rulers of France, the dynasty...
(1004-1032)
In 1004, Burgundy was annexed by the king, of the House of CapetHouse of Capet
The House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, , also called The House of France , or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians. As rulers of France, the dynasty...
. Otto William continued to rule what would come to be called the Free County of Burgundy. His descendants formed another House of Ivrea
Anscarids
The Anscarids or Anscarii or the House of Ivrea were a medieval Frankish dynasty of Burgundian origin which rose to prominence in Italy in the tenth century, even briefly holding the Italian throne. They also ruled the County of Burgundy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries and it was one of their...
.
- RobertRobert II of FranceRobert II , called the Pious or the Wise , was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine....
(1004–1016) (also king of France as Robert II) - HenryHenry I of FranceHenry I was King of France from 1031 to his death. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians...
(1016–1032) (also king of France as Henry I)
House of BurgundyHouse of BurgundyThe House of Burgundy was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of Robert II of France....
(1032–1361)
RobertRobert I, Duke of Burgundy
Robert I Capet or Robert I of Burgundy, known as Robert the Old was duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death...
, son of Robert II of France
Robert II of France
Robert II , called the Pious or the Wise , was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine....
, received the Duchy as a peace settlement, having disputed the succession to the throne of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
with his brother Henry
Henry I of France
Henry I was King of France from 1031 to his death. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians...
.
| Arms | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert I Robert I, Duke of Burgundy Robert I Capet or Robert I of Burgundy, known as Robert the Old was duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death... the Old (Robert Ier le Vieux) |
1011 | 1032 | 21 March 1076 | Younger son of Robert II of France Robert II of France Robert II , called the Pious or the Wise , was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.... . |
||
| Hugh I Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy Hugh I was duke of Burgundy between 1076 and 1079. Hugh was son of Henry of Burgundy and grandson of duke Robert I. He inherited Burgundy from his grandfather, following the premature death of Henry, but abdicated shortly afterwards to his brother Eudes I. He briefly fought the Moors in the... (Hugues Ier) |
1057 | 21 March 1076 | 1079 | 29 August 1093 | Eldest son of Henry of Burgundy, grandson of Robert I. Abdicated in favour of his younger brother, Odo. | |
| Odo I Borel Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy Odo I , also known as Eudes, surnamed Borel and called the Red, was Duke of Burgundy between 1079 and 1103. Odo was the second son of Henry of Burgundy and grandson of Robert I. He became the duke following the abdication of his older brother, Hugh I, who retired to become a Benedictine monk... the Red (Eudes Ier Borel le Roux) |
1058 | 1079 | 23 March 1103 | Younger brother of Hugh I. | ||
| Hugh II Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy Hugh II of Burgundy was duke of Burgundy between 1103 and 1143. Hugh was son of Odo I, Duke of Burgundy.-Marriage and issue:He married, in about 1115, Felicia-Matilda of Mayenne, daughter of... (Hugues II) |
1084 | 23 March 1103 | 1143 | Son of Odo I | ||
| Odo II Eudes II, Duke of Burgundy Eudes II of Burgundy was Duke of Burgundy between 1143 and 1162. Eudes was the eldest son of duke Hugh II and Matilda de Turenne. He married Marie de Champagne, daughter of Theobald II, Count of Champagne and Matilda of Carinthia... (Eudes II) |
1118 | 1143 | 27 June/27 September 1162 | Eldest son of Hugh II | ||
| Hugh III Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy Hugh III of Burgundy was duke of Burgundy between 1162 and 1192. Hugh was the eldest son of duke Odo II and Marie of Champagne, daughter of Theobald and Mathilda of Carinthia.... (Hugues III) |
1142 | 27 June/27 September 1162 | 25 August 1192 | Eldest son of Odo II | ||
| Odo III Eudes III, Duke of Burgundy Eudes III , commonly known in English as Odo III, was duke of Burgundy between 1192 and 1218. Odo was the eldest son of duke Hugh III and his first wife Alice, daughter of Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine.... (Eudes III) |
1166 | 25 August 1192 | 6 July 1218 | Eldest son of Hugh III | ||
| Hugh IV Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy Hugh IV of Burgundy was duke of Burgundy between 1218 and 1271. Hugh was the only son of duke Odo III and Alice of Vergy... (Hugues IV) |
9 March 1213 | 6 July 1218 | 27 October 1271 | Eldest son of Odo III | ||
| Robert II Robert II, Duke of Burgundy Robert II of Burgundy was duke of Burgundy between 1271 and 1306, inheriting the title from his brother Eudes of Burgundy, who had no male heirs. Robert was the third son of duke Hugh IV and Yolande of Dreux... (Robert II) |
1248 | 27 October 1271 | 21 March 1306 | Eldest surviving son of Hugh IV. | ||
| Hugh V Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy Hugh V of Burgundy was Duke of Burgundy between 1306 and 1315.Hugh was the eldest son of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy and Agnes of France. His maternal grandparents were Louis IX of France and Marguerite Berenger of Provence.... (Hugues V) |
1282 | 21 March 1306 | 9 May 1315 | Eldest son of Robert II. | ||
| Odo IV Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy Odo IV, or Eudes IV was Duke of Burgundy from 1315 until his death and Count of Burgundy and Artois between 1330 and 1347. He was the second son of Duke Robert II and Agnes of France.-Life:... (Eudes IV) |
1295 | 9 May 1315 | 3 April 1350 | Younger brother of Hugh V. | ||
| Philip I Philip I, Duke of Burgundy Philip I of Burgundy, also Philip II of Palatine Burgundy, Philip III of Artois, Philip III of Boulogne and Auvergne, nicknamed Philip of Rouvres was Duke of Burgundy from 1350 until his death. Philip was the only son of Philip of Burgundy, heir to the Duchy of Burgundy, and Joanna I, Countess of... of Rouvres (Philippe Ier de Rouvres) |
1346 | 3 April 1350 | 21 November 1361 | Grandson of Odo IV. | ||
| Arms | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes |
House of Valois-BurgundyHouse of Valois-BurgundyThe term "Valois Dukes of Burgundy" is employed to refer to the dynasty which began after John II of France granted the Duchy of Burgundy to his youngest son, Philip the Bold...
(1361–1482)
John II of FranceJohn II of France
John II , called John the Good , was the King of France from 1350 until his death. He was the second sovereign of the House of Valois and is perhaps best remembered as the king who was vanquished at the Battle of Poitiers and taken as a captive to England.The son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame,...
, the second Valois king, successfully claimed the Duchy after the death of Philip
Philip I, Duke of Burgundy
Philip I of Burgundy, also Philip II of Palatine Burgundy, Philip III of Artois, Philip III of Boulogne and Auvergne, nicknamed Philip of Rouvres was Duke of Burgundy from 1350 until his death. Philip was the only son of Philip of Burgundy, heir to the Duchy of Burgundy, and Joanna I, Countess of...
, the last Capet duke. John then passed the duchy to his youngest son Philip
Philip the Bold
Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV...
as an apanage.
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
John I John II of France John II , called John the Good , was the King of France from 1350 until his death. He was the second sovereign of the House of Valois and is perhaps best remembered as the king who was vanquished at the Battle of Poitiers and taken as a captive to England.The son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame,... the Good (Jean Ier le Bon) |
16 April 1319 | 28 December 1361 | 6 September 1363 | 8 April 1364 | Also John II of France. Successfully claimed the Duchy as the nearest heir in proximity of blood to Philip I. |  |
 |
Philip II Philip the Bold Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV... the Bold (Philippe II le Hardi) |
15 January 1342 | 6 September 1363 | 27 April 1404 | Youngest son of John the Good | ||
 |
John II the Fearless (Jean II sans Peur) |
28 May 1371 | 27 April 1404 | 10 September 1419 | Eldest son of Philip the Bold | ||
 |
Philip III the Good (Philippe III le Bon) |
31 July 1396 | 10 September 1419 | 15 June 1467 | Eldest son of John the Fearless | ||
 |
Charles I the Bold (Charles Ier le Téméraire) |
21 November 1433 | 15 June 1467 | 5 January 1477 | Eldest son of Philip the Good | ||
| Mary Mary of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy ruled the Burgundian territories in Low Countries and was suo jure Duchess of Burgundy from 1477 until her death... the Rich |
13 February 1457 | 5 January 1477 | 27 March 1482 | Only child of Charles the Bold | |||
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
House of Habsburg (1482–1700)
In 1477, the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by France. In the same year, Mary married MaximilianMaximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
, Archduke of Austria, giving the Habsburgs control of the remainder of the Burgundian Inheritance.
Although the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy itself remained in the hands of France, the Habsburgs remained in control of the title of Duke of Burgundy and the other parts of the Burgundian inheritance, notably the Low Countries
Low Countries
The Low Countries are the historical lands around the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse rivers, including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany....
and the Free County of Burgundy in the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
. They often used the term Burgundy
Burgundy (disambiguation)
- Places :*Burgundy , is a historical region and cultural area in Western Europe, which has existed in several different forms with widely varying boundaries:**Burgundy , French region, a modern-day French administrative région,...
to refer to it (e.g. in the name of the Imperial Circle
Burgundian Circle
The Burgundian Circle was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire created in 1512 and significantly enlarged in 1548. In addition to the Free County of Burgundy , the circle roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e...
it was grouped into), until the late 18th century, when the Austrian Netherlands were lost to French Republic. The Habsburgs also continued to claim Burgundy proper until the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529, when they surrendered their claim in exchange for French recognition of Imperial sovereignty over Flanders and Artois.
- Maximilian IMaximilian I, Holy Roman EmperorMaximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
(1477–1482 with his wife; regent 1482–1494) - Philip IV the HandsomePhilip I of CastilePhilip I , known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, was the first Habsburg King of Castile...
, titular Duke of Burgundy as Philip IV (1482–1506) - Charles II (Emperor Charles V and King Charles I of Spain)Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorCharles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
1506–1555
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Philip IV Philip I of Castile Philip I , known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, was the first Habsburg King of Castile... the Handsome (Philippe IV le Bel) |
22 July 1478 | 22 February 1482 | 25 September 1506 | Eldest son of Duchess Mary by Maximilian of Habsburg Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky... |
||
 |
Charles II Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As... |
24 February 1500 | 25 September 1506 | 16 January 1556 | 21 September 1558 | Eldest son of Philip the Handsome. Also Charles I of Aragon and Castile, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V | |
| Picture | Name | Birth | Became Duke | Ruled until | Death | Notes | Arms |
- Philip V (King Philip II of Spain)Philip II of SpainPhilip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
1556–1598 - Philip VI (King Philip III of Spain)Philip III of SpainPhilip III , also known as Philip the Pious, was the King of Spain and King of Portugal and the Algarves, where he ruled as Philip II , from 1598 until his death...
1598–1621 - Philip VII (King Philip IV of Spain)Philip IV of SpainPhilip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640...
1621–1665 - Charles III (King Charles II of Spain)Charles II of SpainCharles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the ruler of large parts of Italy, the Spanish territories in the Southern Low Countries, and Spain's overseas Empire, stretching from the Americas to the Spanish East Indies...
1665–1700
House of BourbonHouse of BourbonThe House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
, claimants of the title (1700-1713)
The title was briefly claimed by king Philip V of SpainPhilip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
(Philip VIII) of the House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
between 1700–1713 when the succession of the Spanish throne was disputed
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch. As France and Spain were among the most powerful states of Europe, such a unification would have...
between the Houses of Habsburg and Bourbon.
At the same time, various members of the French royal family, most notably Louis, Dauphin of France, the father of Louis XV of France
Louis XV of France
Louis XV was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather at the age of five, his first cousin Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, served as Regent of the kingdom until Louis's majority in 1723...
, also used the title.
House of Habsburg (1713–1795)
- Charles IV (Emperor Charles VI)Charles VI, Holy Roman EmperorCharles VI was the penultimate Habsburg sovereign of the Habsburg Empire. He succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711...
1713–1740 - Maria TheresaMaria Theresa of AustriaMaria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
1740–1780- Francis I (Emperor Francis I)Francis I, Holy Roman EmperorFrancis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty...
(1740–1765 with his wife.)
- Francis I (Emperor Francis I)
- Joseph (Emperor Joseph II)Joseph II, Holy Roman EmperorJoseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I...
1780–1790 - Leopold (Emperor Leopold II)Leopold II, Holy Roman EmperorLeopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
1790–1792 - Francis II (Emperor Francis II)Francis II, Holy Roman EmperorFrancis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
1792–1795
House of BourbonHouse of BourbonThe House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
, revived title in contemporary tradition (1975-present)
- King Juan Carlos I of Spain (1975-present) - the title is one of the titles of the Spanish Crown
- Prince Louis of BourbonPrince Louis of BourbonLouis of Bourbon, Duke of Burgundy is the elder son of Louis Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, Legitimist pretender to the throne of France...
(2010-present) - the title is used by eldest son of the legitimist claimant to the French throne Louis Alphonse, Duke of AnjouLouis Alphonse, Duke of AnjouPrince Louis Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Anjou was not originally among his given names ; born 25 April 1974, Madrid) is a member of the historically royal dynasty of the House of Bourbon, and one of the current pretenders to the defunct crown of France...
.
See also
- Duchess of Burgundy
- Kingdom of BurgundyKingdom of BurgundyBurgundy is a historic region in Western Europe that has existed as a political entity in a number of forms with very different boundaries. Two of these entities - the first around the 6th century, the second around the 11th century - have been called the Kingdom of Burgundy; a third was very...
- King of BurgundyKing of BurgundyThe following is a list of the Kings of the two Kingdoms of Burgundy, and a number of related political entities devolving from Carolingian machinations over family relations.- Kings of the Burgundians :...
- Duchy of BurgundyDuchy of BurgundyThe Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
- County of BurgundyCounty of BurgundyThe Free County of Burgundy , was a medieval county , within the traditional province and modern French region Franche-Comté, whose very French name is still reminiscent of the unusual title of its count: Freigraf...
- Count of Burgundy
- Dukes of Burgundy family treeDukes of Burgundy family treeThis is a family tree of the Dukes of Burgundy, from the 9th century to 1482.Image:BurgundyDukes.pngrect 174 129 324 169 Richard of Autunrect 407 138 521 166 rect 90 189 184 214 Rainier II of Hainautrect 219 189 271 213...
Further reading
- Calmette, Joseph. Doreen Weightman, trans. The Golden Age of Burgundy; the Magnificent Dukes and Their Courts. New York: W.W. Norton, 1962.
- Chaumé, Maurice. Les Origines du Duché de Bourgogne. 2v. in 4 parts. Dijon: Jobard, 1925 (Darmstadt: npub, 1977).
- Michael, Nicholas. Armies of Medieval Burgundy 1364–1477. London: Osprey, 1983. ISBN 0-85045-518-9.
- Vaughan, Richard. Valois Burgundy. London: Allen Lane, 1975. ISBN 0-7139-0924-2.