Philip I, Duke of Burgundy
Encyclopedia
Philip I of Burgundy, also Philip II of Palatine Burgundy, Philip III of Artois, Philip III of Boulogne and Auvergne, nicknamed Philip of Rouvres (1346 – November 21, 1361) was Duke of Burgundy
from 1350 until his death. Philip was the only son of Philip of Burgundy, heir to the Duchy of Burgundy
, and Joanna I, Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne
. He succeeded his grandfather when he was only three years old. His deceased father was the only child of Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy, and of Joan III, Countess of Burgundy and Artois
.
Philip, in his own right, held the counties of Artois
and Burgundy
from 1349 (inherited from his grandmother), the Duchy of Burgundy from 1350 (inherited from his grandfather) and the counties of Auvergne
and Boulogne
from 1360 (inherited from his mother). In 1357, by marrying the future Countess Margaret III of Flanders
, then heiress of Flanders
, he was promised the counties of Flanders
, Nevers
, Rethel, and Antwerp, and the duchies of Brabant
, and Limburg
. Most of these lands were located in the Low Countries
.
His mother Joanna, who became Queen of France after her remarriage to King John II of France
, governed Burgundy as Philip's guardian until her death in September 1360. Philip was declared of age on 20 October the same year.
In 1361 at the age of 15, Philip fell sick with the plague
and died before he could consummate his marriage to his second cousin Margaret. With his death, the direct descendants of all four of his grandparents also became extinct. Since there was no one heir to all his possessions, they were divided up once more amongst the families from which they had descended to Philip: King John II of France
, grandson of Duke Robert II of Burgundy (Philip's great-grandfather), and also Philip's stepfather, inherited the Duchy of Burgundy as one of its most direct heirs; Countess Margaret I of Artois
, daughter of Countess Joan II of Burgundy (Philip's great-grandmother), and grandmother of Philip's wife, inherited the Counties of Burgundy and Artois as its direct heiress; and John of Boulogne, son of Count Robert VII of Boulogne (Philip's great-grandfather), inherited Auvergne and Boulogne as the direct heir.
Margaret, Dowager Countess of Flanders, Philip's grandaunt, had inherited Artois and Franche-Comté (County Palatine of Burgundy) as the next heir: she was younger sister of Philip's paternal grandmother Joan Countess of Artois and Burgundy, both daughters of Joan of Chalon, Artois, and Burgundy, from her marriage with King Philip V of France
. She was grandmother of Philip's wife Margaret of Flanders, and later, in the 1380s, these counties were inherited by the younger Margaret who thus became possessor of some of the estates held by her first husband thirty years earlier.
The Duchy of Burgundy would have gone to Charles II of Navarre according to primogeniture, but went to John II of France according to proximity of blood
. Despite the attempts of King Charles II of Navarre
to overtake the Duchy of Burgundy, the settlement of the inheritance was peaceful. Later in 1364, John of France gave Burgundy to his son Philip of Valois
.
Charles II of Navarre was grandson and heir to Margaret of Burgundy, eldest daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. John II of France was son and heir to Joan of Burgundy, second daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. John was first cousin of Philip's father, i.e. a cousin once removed, whereas Charles was son of a first cousin of Philip's father, i.e. a second cousin himself. Charles' mother Joan had died already 1349.
John's practical position was helped by his being the stepfather of the young duke, having been married to the widowed Joan of Auvergne, and having in that position already participated in administration of the Duchy. The King of Navarre was somewhat despised by many French, after his English alliances during the first decade of the Hundred Years' War
(1337–1453).
Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks...
from 1350 until his death. Philip was the only son of Philip of Burgundy, heir to the Duchy of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy
The Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
, and Joanna I, Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne
Count of Boulogne
The county of Boulogne was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of a part of the present-day French département of the Pas-de-Calais , in parts of which there is still a Dutch-speaking minority....
. He succeeded his grandfather when he was only three years old. His deceased father was the only child of Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy, and of Joan III, Countess of Burgundy and Artois
County of Artois
The County of Artois was an historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659....
.
Philip, in his own right, held the counties of Artois
Artois
Artois is a former province of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras , Saint-Omer, Lens and Béthune.-Location:...
and Burgundy
Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France...
from 1349 (inherited from his grandmother), the Duchy of Burgundy from 1350 (inherited from his grandfather) and the counties of Auvergne
Auvergne (province)
Auvergne was a historic province in south central France. It was originally the feudal domain of the Counts of Auvergne. It is now the geographical and cultural area that corresponds to the former province....
and Boulogne
Count of Boulogne
The county of Boulogne was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of a part of the present-day French département of the Pas-de-Calais , in parts of which there is still a Dutch-speaking minority....
from 1360 (inherited from his mother). In 1357, by marrying the future Countess Margaret III of Flanders
Margaret III, Countess of Flanders
Margaret of Dampierre was Countess of Flanders , Countess of Artois and Countess Palatine of Burgundy and twice Duchess consort of Burgundy...
, then heiress of Flanders
Count of Flanders
The Count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the position by the French revolutionaries in 1790....
, he was promised the counties of Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
, Nevers
Nevers
Nevers is a commune in – and the administrative capital of – the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne region in central France...
, Rethel, and Antwerp, and the duchies of Brabant
Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. Its territory consisted essentially of the three modern-day Belgian provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp, the Brussels-Capital Region and most of the present-day Dutch province of North Brabant.The Flag of...
, and Limburg
Duchy of Limburg
The Duchy of Limburg, situated in the Low Countries between the river Meuse and the city of Aachen, was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory is now divided between the Belgian provinces of Liège and Limburg , the Dutch province of Limburg , and a small part of North Rhine-Westphalia in...
. Most of these lands were located in the Low Countries
Low Countries
The Low Countries are the historical lands around the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse rivers, including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany....
.
His mother Joanna, who became Queen of France after her remarriage to King John II of France
John II of France
John II , called John the Good , was the King of France from 1350 until his death. He was the second sovereign of the House of Valois and is perhaps best remembered as the king who was vanquished at the Battle of Poitiers and taken as a captive to England.The son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame,...
, governed Burgundy as Philip's guardian until her death in September 1360. Philip was declared of age on 20 October the same year.
In 1361 at the age of 15, Philip fell sick with the plague
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
and died before he could consummate his marriage to his second cousin Margaret. With his death, the direct descendants of all four of his grandparents also became extinct. Since there was no one heir to all his possessions, they were divided up once more amongst the families from which they had descended to Philip: King John II of France
John II of France
John II , called John the Good , was the King of France from 1350 until his death. He was the second sovereign of the House of Valois and is perhaps best remembered as the king who was vanquished at the Battle of Poitiers and taken as a captive to England.The son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame,...
, grandson of Duke Robert II of Burgundy (Philip's great-grandfather), and also Philip's stepfather, inherited the Duchy of Burgundy as one of its most direct heirs; Countess Margaret I of Artois
Margaret I, Countess of Artois
Margaret of France was a medieval noblewoman, reigning Countess Palatine of Burgundy and Countess of Artois, ruling both as Margaret I, as well as countess-consort of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel...
, daughter of Countess Joan II of Burgundy (Philip's great-grandmother), and grandmother of Philip's wife, inherited the Counties of Burgundy and Artois as its direct heiress; and John of Boulogne, son of Count Robert VII of Boulogne (Philip's great-grandfather), inherited Auvergne and Boulogne as the direct heir.
Margaret, Dowager Countess of Flanders, Philip's grandaunt, had inherited Artois and Franche-Comté (County Palatine of Burgundy) as the next heir: she was younger sister of Philip's paternal grandmother Joan Countess of Artois and Burgundy, both daughters of Joan of Chalon, Artois, and Burgundy, from her marriage with King Philip V of France
Philip V of France
Philip the Tall was King of France as Philip V and, as Philip II, King of Navarre and Count of Champagne. He reigned from 1316 to his death and was the penultimate monarch of the House of Capet. Considered a wise and politically astute ruler, Philip took the throne under questionable...
. She was grandmother of Philip's wife Margaret of Flanders, and later, in the 1380s, these counties were inherited by the younger Margaret who thus became possessor of some of the estates held by her first husband thirty years earlier.
The Duchy of Burgundy would have gone to Charles II of Navarre according to primogeniture, but went to John II of France according to proximity of blood
Proximity of blood
Proximity of blood, or closeness in degree of kinship, is one of the ways to determine hereditary succession based on genealogy. It was at loggerheads with primogeniture in numerous medieval succession disputes....
. Despite the attempts of King Charles II of Navarre
Charles II of Navarre
Charles II , called "Charles the Bad", was King of Navarre 1349-1387 and Count of Évreux 1343-1387....
to overtake the Duchy of Burgundy, the settlement of the inheritance was peaceful. Later in 1364, John of France gave Burgundy to his son Philip of Valois
Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV...
.
Charles II of Navarre was grandson and heir to Margaret of Burgundy, eldest daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. John II of France was son and heir to Joan of Burgundy, second daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. John was first cousin of Philip's father, i.e. a cousin once removed, whereas Charles was son of a first cousin of Philip's father, i.e. a second cousin himself. Charles' mother Joan had died already 1349.
John's practical position was helped by his being the stepfather of the young duke, having been married to the widowed Joan of Auvergne, and having in that position already participated in administration of the Duchy. The King of Navarre was somewhat despised by many French, after his English alliances during the first decade of the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings...
(1337–1453).
See also
- Dukes of Burgundy family treeDukes of Burgundy family treeThis is a family tree of the Dukes of Burgundy, from the 9th century to 1482.Image:BurgundyDukes.pngrect 174 129 324 169 Richard of Autunrect 407 138 521 166 rect 90 189 184 214 Rainier II of Hainautrect 219 189 271 213...