Dyslipidemia or dyslipidaemia is an abnormal amount of lipid

Lipid

Lipids constitute a broad group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins , monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others...

s (e.g. cholesterol and/or fat) in the blood

Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells....

. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, or hyperlipidaemia is the condition of abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood...

s; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet

Diet (nutrition)

In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat. With the word diet, it is often implied the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management...

 and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....

 levels can lead to dyslipidemia. Increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)

OGT (gene)

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OGT gene.-Interactions:OGT has been shown to interact with Host cell factor C1 and SIN3A.-Further reading:...

 are known to cause dyslipidemia.http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7181/edsumm/e080221-09.html

Classification

There are two major ways in which dyslipidemias are classified:

• Phenotype
  Phenotype
  A phenotype is an organism's observable characteristics or traits: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior...
  
  , or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
• Etiology
  Etiology
  Etiology is the study of causation, or origination. The word is derived from the Greek , aitiologia, "giving a reason for" ....
  
  , or the reason for the condition (genetic
  Genetics
  Genetics , a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms....
  
  , or secondary to another condition.) This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well-defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

Fredrickson Classification:

Phenotype	I	IIa	IIb	III	IV	V
Elevated Lipoprotein	Chylomicron	LDL	LDL and VLDL	IDL	Triglycerides	VLDL and chylomicrons

Types

	Increases	Decreases
Lipid Lipid Lipids constitute a broad group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins , monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others...	Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, or hyperlipidaemia is the condition of abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood... : lipids Hypercholesterolemia: cholesterol Cholesterol Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. Specifically, it is a waxy steroid of fat that is produced in the liver or intestines. It is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood plasma of all mammals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes... . Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, specifically very high levels of low-density lipoprotein , in the blood and early cardiovascular disease...  is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3). Hyperglyceridemia: glycerides Hypertriglyceridemia Hypertriglyceridemia In medicine, hypertriglyceridemia denotes high blood levels of triglycerides, the most abundant fatty molecule in most organisms. It has been associated with atherosclerosis, even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia . It can also lead to pancreatitis in excessive concentrations In medicine,... : triglycerides	Hypolipidemia Hypocholesterolemia Hypocholesterolemia Hypocholesterolemia is the presence of abnormally low levels of cholesterol in the blood . Although the presence of high cholesterol has been linked strongly with cardiovascular disease, a defect in the body's production of cholesterol can lead to adverse consequences as well... : cholesterol Cholesterol Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. Specifically, it is a waxy steroid of fat that is produced in the liver or intestines. It is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood plasma of all mammals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes...
Lipoprotein Lipoprotein A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids water-bound to the proteins. Many enzymes, transporters, structural proteins, antigens, adhesins, and toxins are lipoproteins...	Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified) Hyperchylomicronemia: chylomicrons	Hypolipoproteinemia Hypolipoproteinemia Hypolipoproteinemia is defined as a lack of lipoprotein in the blood due to genetic or other diseases such as malnutrition and malabsorption.-Diagnosis:It can be diagnosed via blood study that identifies fat particles... : lipoproteins Abetalipoproteinemia Abetalipoproteinemia Abetalipoproteinemia, or Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food. It is caused by a deficiency of apolipoprotein B-48 and B-100, which are used in the synthesis and exportation of... : beta lipoproteins Tangier disease Tangier disease Tangier disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the amount of high density lipoprotein , often referred to as "good cholesterol," in the bloodstream.-Diagnosis:... : high density lipoprotein High density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which, in order of sizes, largest to smallest, are chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL, which enable lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides to be transported within the water-based bloodstream...
Both	Combined hyperlipidemia Combined hyperlipidemia In medicine, combined hyperlipidemia is a commonly occurring form of hypercholesterolemia characterised by increased LDL and triglyceride concentrations, often accompanied by decreased HDL... : both LDL and triglycerides