ECMM
Encyclopedia
The European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM) (previously ECMM, European Community Monitor Mission) is a program initiated by the European Union
in July 1991 to monitor borders, inter-ethnic relations, refugee traffic, and political and security developments in the former-Yugoslavia
area of the western Balkans
. The EUMM program operates under the CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) of the EU. The ECMM and was renamed the European Union Monitoring Mission on 22 December 2000. In 2008 Georgia was added to the EUMM program.
and its area designated included Bosnia and Herzegovina
, Croatia
, Serbia
, Montenegro
, Albania
and the Republic of Macedonia
.
in August 2008, the EU declared on the 15th of September 2008 to deploy a monitoring mission to Georgia. The main objectives of the mission is to fulfill the European commitment in re-establishing stability and normalisation following the crisis through an observer mission that consists of over 200 field specialists that conduct routine inspections within the stipulated zone of the mission that includes Georgia
, South Ossetia
and Abkhazia
. The mission is to observes the compliance of human rights and the fulfillment of the six-point-program established under the French brokered peace agreement between Georgia and Russia on 12 August 2008.
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
in July 1991 to monitor borders, inter-ethnic relations, refugee traffic, and political and security developments in the former-Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
area of the western Balkans
Balkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
. The EUMM program operates under the CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) of the EU. The ECMM and was renamed the European Union Monitoring Mission on 22 December 2000. In 2008 Georgia was added to the EUMM program.
EUMM in the former-Yugoslavia
The EUMM began operating in July 1991 under the name of ECMM (European Community Monitor Mission). The mission was financed by the European Commission and consisted of 75 field specialists. The mission was headquartered in ZagrebZagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
and its area designated included Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
, Albania
Albania
Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
and the Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
.
EUMM in Georgia
Following the 2008 South Ossetia war2008 South Ossetia war
The 2008 South Ossetia War or Russo-Georgian War was an armed conflict in August 2008 between Georgia on one side, and Russia and separatist governments of South Ossetia and Abkhazia on the other....
in August 2008, the EU declared on the 15th of September 2008 to deploy a monitoring mission to Georgia. The main objectives of the mission is to fulfill the European commitment in re-establishing stability and normalisation following the crisis through an observer mission that consists of over 200 field specialists that conduct routine inspections within the stipulated zone of the mission that includes Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
, South Ossetia
South Ossetia
South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
and Abkhazia
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
. The mission is to observes the compliance of human rights and the fulfillment of the six-point-program established under the French brokered peace agreement between Georgia and Russia on 12 August 2008.
See also
- ESDP missionsESDP missionsSince 2002 the European Union has become increasingly active abroad under the Common Security and Defence Policy . As of February 2008, it has engaged in nineteen operations, using civilian and military instruments in several countries in three continents...
- Wolfgang Tiede and Jakob Schirmer: "Die rechtlichen Grundlagen der Überwachungsmission der Europäischen Union in Georgien (EUMM)" ("The legal basis of the European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM)" in Osteuropa-Recht (OER)) 2008 (German Law Journal), (December 2009) vol. 4, pp. 403-413.