EDMA
Encyclopedia
3,4-Ethylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (EDMA; MDMC) is an entactogen drug
of the amphetamine
class. It is an analogue of MDMA where the methylenedioxy
ring
has been replaced by an ethylenedioxy
ring. EDMA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin
. In his book PiHKAL
, the dosage is listed as 150–250 mg, and the duration listed as 3–5 hours. According to Shulgin, EDMA produces a bare threshold consisting of paresthesia
, nystagmus
, and hypnogogic imagery, with few to no other effects. Scientific research has demonstrated that EDMA acts as a non-neurotoxic serotonin releasing agent
with moderately diminished potency
relative to MDMA, and with negligible effects on dopamine
release. Based on Shulgin's reports of essential inactivity
at 150–250 mg, it may be more active
at higher doses.
Drug
A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage.In pharmacology, a...
of the amphetamine
Substituted amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. They feature a phenethylamine core with a methyl group attached to the alpha carbon resulting in amphetamine, along with additional substitutions...
class. It is an analogue of MDMA where the methylenedioxy
Methylenedioxy
Methylenedioxy in the field of chemistry, particularly in organic chemistry, is the name for a functional group with the structural formula R-O-CH2-O-R' which is connected to the rest of a molecule by two chemical bonds. The methylenedioxy group consists of two oxygen atoms connected to a methylene...
ring
Functional group
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of...
has been replaced by an ethylenedioxy
Ethylenedioxy
Ethylenedioxy, in chemistry, especially organic chemistry, is a functional group with the structural formula R-O-CH2-CH2-O-R'. It is generally attached to an aromatic ring such as a phenyl, in which case it is called ethylenedioxyphenyl or dihydrobenzodioxine. The ethylenedioxy moiety can be found...
ring. EDMA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin
Alexander Shulgin
Alexander "Sasha" Theodore Shulgin is an American pharmacologist, chemist, artist, and drug developer.Shulgin is credited with the popularization of MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, especially for psychopharmaceutical use and the treatment of depression and...
. In his book PiHKAL
PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story is a book by Dr. Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin which was published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or empathogen-entactogens...
, the dosage is listed as 150–250 mg, and the duration listed as 3–5 hours. According to Shulgin, EDMA produces a bare threshold consisting of paresthesia
Paresthesia
Paresthesia , spelled "paraesthesia" in British English, is a sensation of tingling, burning, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. It is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb "falling asleep"...
, nystagmus
Nystagmus
Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision.There are two key forms of Nystagmus: pathological and physiological, with variations within each type. Nystagmus may be caused by congenital disorders,...
, and hypnogogic imagery, with few to no other effects. Scientific research has demonstrated that EDMA acts as a non-neurotoxic serotonin releasing agent
Serotonin releasing agent
A serotonin releasing agent is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse...
with moderately diminished potency
Potency (pharmacology)
In the field of pharmacology, potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug evokes a larger response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency evokes a small response at low concentrations...
relative to MDMA, and with negligible effects on dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the brain, this substituted phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating the five known types of dopamine receptors—D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5—and their...
release. Based on Shulgin's reports of essential inactivity
Activity (chemistry)
In chemical thermodynamics, activity is a measure of the “effective concentration” of a species in a mixture, meaning that the species' chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend on concentration for an ideal solution.By convention, activity...
at 150–250 mg, it may be more active
Activity (chemistry)
In chemical thermodynamics, activity is a measure of the “effective concentration” of a species in a mixture, meaning that the species' chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend on concentration for an ideal solution.By convention, activity...
at higher doses.
See also
- EthylidenedioxyamphetamineEthylidenedioxyamphetamineEthylidenedioxyamphetamine is a substituted derivative of methylenedioxyamphetamine , which was developed by David Nichols and coworkers, in the course of research to determine the bulk tolerance around the benzodioxole portion of the MDA molecule...
- TetralinylaminopropaneTetralinylaminopropaneTetralinylaminopropane is an entactogen drug of the amphetamine class which acts as a selective serotonin releasing agent . It has IC50 values of 121 nM, 6,436 nM, and 3,371 nM for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, respectively...
- Naphthylaminopropane