Eastern Asiatic Region
Encyclopedia
East Asia
East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...
. It has been recognized as a natural floristic area since 1872 August Grisebach
August Grisebach
August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach was a German botanist and phytogeographer. Born in Hannover on April 17, 1814, he died at Göttingen on May 9, 1879.- Biography :...
's volume Die Vegetation der Erde and later delineated by such geobotanists as Ludwig Diels
Ludwig Diels
Dr. Friedrich Ludwig Emil Diels , was a German botanist.Diels was born in Hamburg, the son of the classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels. From 1900 to 1902 he traveled together with Ernst Pritzel through South Africa, Java, Australia and New Zealand. Shortly before the first world war he...
, Adolf Engler
Adolf Engler
Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography, like Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien , edited with Karl A. E...
(as Temperate Eastern region), Ronald Good (as Sino-Japanese Region) and Armen Takhtajan
Armen Takhtajan
Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian , was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus...
.
The Eastern Asiatic Region is dominated by very old lineages of gymnosperm
Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-bearing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word gymnospermos , meaning "naked seeds", after the unenclosed condition of their seeds...
s and woody plant families and is thought to be the cradle of the Holarctic flora. Moreover, this floristic region wasn't significantly glaciated in the Pleistocene
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene is the epoch from 2,588,000 to 11,700 years BP that spans the world's recent period of repeated glaciations. The name pleistocene is derived from the Greek and ....
, and many relict
Relict
A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon.* In biology a relict is an organism that at an earlier time was abundant in a large area but now occurs at only one or a few small areas....
Tertiary
Tertiary
The Tertiary is a deprecated term for a geologic period 65 million to 2.6 million years ago. The Tertiary covered the time span between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary...
genera (such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, the dawn redwood, is a fast-growing, critically endangered deciduous conifer tree, sole living species of the genus Metasequoia, and one of three species of conifers known as redwoods. It is native to the Sichuan-Hubei region of China...
, ancestors of which were once common throughout the Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
up to subpolar latitudes) found refuge here.
Endemic families
- about 30 endemic familiesFamily (biology)In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
, including: GinkgoaceaeGinkgoaceaeThe Ginkgoaceae is a family of gymnosperms which appeared during the Mesozoic Era, of which the only extant representative is Ginkgo biloba, which is for this reason sometimes regarded as a living fossil...
, Sciadopityaceae, TrochodendraceaeTrochodendraceaeTrochodendraceae is a family of flowering plants with two living genera found in southeast Asia. The two living species share the feature of secondary xylem without vessels, which is quite rare in angiosperms...
, Tetracentraceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, CircaeasteraceaeCircaeasteraceaeCircaeasteraceae is a family of one to two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas.The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system , recognizes it and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots...
, Eucommiaceae, EupteleaceaeEupteleaceaeEupteleaceae is a family of flowering plants.The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system , recognizes it and places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudicots. The family consists of a single genus Euptelea, with two species, native to eastern Asia.-External...
, Sargentodoxaceae, Nandinaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, RhoipteleaceaeRhoipteleaceaeRhoiptelea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Juglandaceae family. It contains a single species, Rhoiptelea chiliantha, commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleaceae, but the APG III system of 2009 placed it in the...
, StachyuraceaeStachyuraceaeStachyuraceae is a flowering plant family of shrubs and small trees native to East and Southeast Asia. The plants have leaves with serrate margins and flowers in long, hanging racemes.- References :* in Stevens, P. F. ....
, SladeniaceaeSladeniaceaeSladeniaceae Airy Shaw is a family of flowering plants containing tree species found in sub-tropical to tropical environments in East Africa , Burma, Yunnan and Thailand...
, DipentodontaceaeDipentodontaceaeDipentodon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipentodontaceae. Its only species, Dipentodon sinicus, is a small, deciduous tree native to southern China, Burma, and northern India. It has been little studied and until recently its affinities remained obscure.- Description :Dipentodon...
, Helwingiaceae.
Endemic genera
- three to six hundred endemic generaGenusIn biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
, including: CephalotaxusCephalotaxusCephalotaxus, commonly called Plum Yew or Cowtail Pine, is a genus of conifers comprising 11 species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to eastern Asia, though fossil evidence shows it had a wider Northern...
, AmentotaxusAmentotaxusAmentotaxus is a genus of conifers comprising five species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to subtropical southeastern Asia, from Taiwan west across southern China to Assam in the eastern Himalaya, and...
, PseudotaxusPseudotaxusPseudotaxus chienii, the White-berry Yew, is a species of yew, the sole species in the genus Pseudotaxus, but closely related to the other yews in the genus Taxus...
, KeteleeriaKeteleeriaKeteleeria is a genus of three species of coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae, related to the genera Nothotsuga and Pseudolarix. It is distinguished from Nothotsuga by the much larger cones, and from Pseudolarix by the evergreen leaves and the cones not disintegrating readily at maturity...
, PseudolarixPseudolarixPseudolarix is a monotypic genus in the family Pinaceae. The sole species, Pseudolarix amabilis is commonly known as Golden Larch, though it is not a true larch , being more closely related to Keteleeria, Abies and Cedrus...
, CathayaCathayaCathaya is a genus in family Pinaceae and has one known living species, Cathaya argyrophylla. Cathaya is a member of the subfamily Laricoideae, most closely related to Pseudotsuga and Larix. A second species, C. nanchuanensis, is now treated as a synonym, as it does not differ from C...
, MetasequoiaMetasequoiaMetasequoia is a fast-growing, deciduous tree, and the sole living species, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, is one of three species of conifers known as redwoods. It is native to the Sichuan-Hubei region of China. Although the least tall of the redwoods, it grows to at least 200 feet in height...
, CryptomeriaCryptomeriaCryptomeria is a monotypic genus of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae formerly belonging to the family Taxodiaceae; it includes only one species, Cryptomeria japonica . It is endemic to Japan, where it is known as Sugi...
, MicrobiotaMicrobiotaMicrobiota is a monotypic] genus of evergreen coniferous shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Microbiota decussata...
, AkebiaAkebiaAkebia is a genus of five species of flowering plant, within the family Lardizabalaceae. The scientific name, akebia, is a Latinization of the Japanese name for species Akebia quinata: .There are five species including:*Akebia chingshuiensis T...
, Kingdonia, Megaleranthis, HylomeconHylomeconHylomecon vernalis, also known as the forest poppy, is a poppy of the Far East, ranging from Manchuria to Japan.This poppy is a perennial that spreads via rhizomes, typically no taller than 30 cm...
, Eomecon, Маcleaya, Disanthus, LoropetalumLoropetalumLoropetalum is a genus of 3 species of shrub in the witch-hazel family, Hamamelidaceae, native to China, Japan, and south-eastern Asia.The name Loropetalum refers to the shape of the flowers and comes from the Greek loron meaning strap and petalon meaning petal. Flowers are produced in clusters...
, CorylopsisCorylopsisCorylopsis is a genus of nearly 30 species of shrubs in the witch hazel family, Hamamelidaceae, native to eastern Asia with the majority of species endemic in China but with some also in Japan, Korea, and the Himalaya...
, Fortunearia, SinowilsoniaSinowilsoniaSinowilsonia is a monotypic genus of plant containing the single species Sinowilsonia henryi. It is endemic to China. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
, Pteroceltis, IdesiaIdesiaIdesia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae , comprising the single species Idesia polycarpa. It is native to eastern Asia in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan....
, Bolbostemma, Schizopeppon, ClematoclethraClematoclethraClematoclethra Maxim. is a genus within the Actinidiaceae. It contains about 20 species and is endemic to subtropical and temperate regions of central and western China. Monophyly of the group is supported by genetic evidence and also evidence based on the cell biology of members of the genus...
, Bryanthus, Schizocodon, StephanandraStephanandraStephanandra is a genus in the family Rosaceae that is sometimes included in the genus Neillia. The deciduous, thicket-forming shrubs have attractive wavy-margined leaves that resemble maple leaves and have a good orange-yellow fall color. Cutleaf Stephanandra grows to less than 2 feet tall but...
, RhodotyposRhodotyposRhodotypos scandens, the sole species of the genus Rhodotypos, is a deciduous shrub in the family Rosaceae, closely related to Kerria and included in that genus by some botanists...
, Kerria, ChaenomelesChaenomelesChaenomeles is a genus of three species of deciduous spiny shrubs, usually 1–3 m tall, in the family Rosaceae. They are native to eastern Asia in Japan, China and Korea...
, RhaphiolepisRhaphiolepisRhaphiolepis syn. Raphiolepis Lindl.) is a genus of about 15 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the family Rosaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical eastern and southeastern Asia, from southern Japan, southern Korea and southern China south to Thailand and Vietnam. The genus is...
, PrinsepiaPrinsepiaPrinsepia is a genus of trees in the Rosaceae. It bears fruit which looks like a cherry. The plant grows largely in India, China, Bangladesh, and Taiwan, yet P...
, DichotomanthesDichotomanthesDichotomanthes is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rosaceae. The flower is perigynous the ovary is superior. The fruit of the plant is a dry achene....
, KirengeshomaKirengeshomaKirengeshoma is a genus containing one or two species of plants in the Hydrangea family. Both are native to Eastern Asia, with palmate leaves and yellow flowers, growing in shady environments. They are grown as a garden plant in other parts of the world....
, Tanakea, Maakia, PhellodendronPhellodendronPhellodendron or Cork-tree, is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Rutaceae, native to east and northeast Asia. It has leathery, pinnate leaves and yellow, clumped flowers. The name refers to the thick and corky bark of some species in the genus.-Cultivation and uses:As an ornamental plant,...
, Poncirus, PsilopeganumPsilopeganumPsilopeganum is a genus of flowering plants of the family Rutaceae.-Characteristics:It is a monotypic genus, with only a single species: Psilopeganum sinense Hemsl. .-Distribution:...
, Таpiscia, DipteroniaDipteroniaDipteronia is a genus of two living and one extinct species, regarded in the soapberry family Sapindaceae sensu lato after Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and more recently )or traditionally by several authors in Aceraceae, related to the maples.They are deciduous flowering shrubs or small trees,...
, FatsiaFatsiaFatsia is a small genus of three species of evergreen shrubs native to southern Japan and Taiwan. They have stout, sparsely branched stems bearing spirally-arranged, large leathery, palmately lobed leaves 20-50 cm in width, on a petiole up to 50 cm long, and small creamy-white flowers in...
, TetrapanaxTetrapanaxTetrapanax papyriferus is an evergreen shrub in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus Tetrapanax. Its botanical name is unusual in that its specific epithet varies from one source to another, sometimes being rendered as "papyriferum" or "papyrifer"...
, DiplopanaxDiplopanaxDiplopanax is a genus of flowering trees usually placed in the family Cornaceae. Its two known extant species inhabit the wet tropical mountains of Vietnam and southern China. They are broad-leaved evergreen trees with woody fruits and white or yellow flowers.Diplopanax was originally described...
, Evodiopanax, KalopanaxKalopanaxKalopanax septemlobus, common name prickly castor oil tree, is a deciduous tree in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus Kalopanax. It is native to northeastern Asia, from Sakhalin and Japan west to southwestern China....
, HoveniaHoveniaHovenia is a small genus of deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rhamnaceae. They occur naturally from India to Japan. The Japanese Raisin Tree is the most well-known of the group, as it is often planted in gardens outside Asia.-Selected species:...
, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, Oreocharis, PaulowniaPaulowniaPaulownia is a genus of from 6 to 17 species of plants in the monogeneric family Paulowniaceae, related to and sometimes included in the Scrophulariaceae. They are native to much of China, south to northern Laos and Vietnam, and long cultivated elsewhere in eastern Asia, notably in Japan and Korea...
, Ombrocharis, Paralamium, Perillula, Popoviocodonia, Platycodon, Hanabusaya, CallistephusCallistephusCallistephus is a genus of flowering plants, in the Asteraceae ; the genus includes only one species, C. chinensis, the China Aster....
, ParasenecioParasenecioParasenecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae....
, SymphyllocarpusSymphyllocarpusSymphyllocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family....
, ChionographisChionographisChionographis is a genus of four herbaceous plant species. This genus is a member of the Melanthiaceae.Chionographis species are perennial flowering plants that grow from rhizomes. They produce a basal rosette of evergreen leaves, from the center of which emerges a flowering scape. The scape...
, Metanarthecium, Heloniopsis, TricyrtisTricyrtisTricyrtis is a genus of the botanical family Liliaceae, known in English as Toad lilies. Its native range is from the Himalayas to eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Philippines and Formosa....
, CardiocrinumCardiocrinumCardiocrinum is a genus of three or four species of bulbous plants of the family Liliaceae. They are native to the Himalaya, montane China, and Japan. The bulbs are usually formed at the soil surface. The preferred habitat is woodland...
, HostaHostaHosta is a genus of about 23–45 species of lily-like plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, native to northeast Asia. They have been placed in their own family, Hostaceae ; like many 'lilioid monocots', they were once classified in the Liliaceae...
, Reineckea, NomocharisNomocharisNomocharis is a genus of the family Liliaceae. It consists of about 7 species native to montane regions of western China, Myanmar, and northern India. They are similar to Lilium, with one of the more obvious differences being the flowers being more shallow or sometimes flat....
, Milula, RohdeaRohdeaRohdea japonica, the sole species in the genus Rohdea, is a flowering plant, native to eastern Asia from southwestern China to Japan. Common names include Nippon Lily, Sacred Lily, and Japanese Sacred Lily; synonyms include Orontium japonicum, Rohdea esquirolii, and Rohdea sinensis...
, LiriopeLiriope (genus)Liriope is a genus of low, grass-like, flowering plants from East Asia. Some species are often used in landscaping in temperate latitudes. They may be called lilyturf in North America although neither a true grass nor lily...
, AspidistraAspidistraAspidistra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae, native to Asia, common worldwide as house plants.-Ecology and diversity:...
, LycorisLycorisLycoris is a Greek word. Other uses include:*Lycoris is a genus of family Amaryllidaceae*Lycoris , a character of .hack the multimedia franchise.*Lycoris , a software company, acquired by Mandriva in 2005...
, SasaSasaSasa may refer to: menina linda com pernas jeitosas ;)* Samoan Sasa* Saša, a given name* Sasa - a genus of bamboo* Sasa, Israel - a kibbutz in Galilee, Israel* Sa'sa' - a Palestinian village, depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war....
, PhyllostachysPhyllostachysPhyllostachys is a genus of bamboo. The species are native to Asia with a large number of species found in Central China, but can now be found in many temperate and semi-tropical areas around the world as cultivated plants or escapes from cultivation...
, Oreocalamus, ShibataeaShibataeaShibataea is a genus of bamboo. It is used to make canes.It is a unique shorter bamboo with dark green leaves. This genus of small bamboos are more closely related to the genus Phyllostachys than other small bamboos. An excellent tall groundcover or short hedge, this species is especially suited to...
, PhaenospermaPhaenospermaPhaenosperma is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family.- External links :*...
, ChikusichloaChikusichloaChikusichloa is a genus of grass in the Poaceae family.- External links :*...
, TrachycarpusTrachycarpusTrachycarpus is a genus of ten species of palms native to Asia, from the Himalaya east to eastern China. They are fan palms , with the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The leaf bases produce persistent fibers that often give the trunk a characteristic...
, and PinelliaPinelliaPinellia is a genus of plants in the family Araceae native to Asia. Its species are commonly called Green Dragons due to the color and shape of the inflorescence, which possesses a green, hooded spathe from which protrudes a long, tongue-like extension of the spadix...
.
Approximately eight other families are shared with tropical Southeast Asia (Nageiaceae, Rhodoleiaceae, Daphniphyllaceae, Pentaphyllaceae, Duabangaceae, Mastixiaceae, Pentaphragmataceae, Lowiaceae
Lowiaceae
Orchidantha is a genus of flowering plants, often given its own family, Lowiaceae. It includes the plants in the formerly recognised genera Lowia, Protamomum and Wolfia. Orchidantha remains a poorly known genus, with up to about a dozen species, found from southern China to Borneo...
). As has long been noted, many relict genera occurring in East Asia, such as Liriodendron
Liriodendron
Liriodendron is a genus of two species of characteristically large deciduous trees in the magnolia family .These trees are widely known by the common name tulip tree or tuliptree for their large flowers superficially resembling tulips, but are closely related to magnolias rather than lilies, the...
and Hamamelis, are shared with temperate North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, especially the North American Atlantic Region
North American Atlantic Region
North American Atlantic Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom identified by Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne, spanning from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to the Great Plains and comprising a major part of the United States and southeastern portions of Canada...
.
Adjacent Regions
The Eastern Asiatic Region is bordered by the Circumboreal RegionCircumboreal Region
The Circumboreal Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan....
of the Holarctic Kingdom in the north, the Irano-Turanian Region of the same kingdom in the west and Indian, Indochinese and Malesian Regions of the Paleotropical Kingdom
Paleotropical Kingdom
The Paleotropical Kingdom is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania , as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Its flora is characterized by about 40 endemic plant families, e.g. Nepenthaceae, Musaceae, Pandanaceae, Flagellariaceae...
in the south. It comprises the southern part of the Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
, southern part of Sakhalin
Sakhalin
Sakhalin or Saghalien, is a large island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N.It is part of Russia, and is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast...
, Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
, Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, relatively humid eastern part of the mainland China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
from Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
and the seashore to Eastern Himalaya
Eastern Himalaya
Eastern Himalaya is situated between Central Nepal in the west to Myanmar in the east, occupying southeast Tibet in China, Sikkim, North Bengal, Bhutan and North-East India. The area has been declared a biodiversity hotspot by Conservation International....
and Kali Gandaki Valley in Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
, including Sikkim
Sikkim
Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayan mountains...
, northern Burma and northernmost Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
(parts of Tonkin
Tonkin
Tonkin , also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin. Locally, it is known as Bắc Kỳ, meaning "Northern Region"...
).
Subdivisions
According to a version of Takhtajan's classification, the Eastern Asiatic Region is further subdivided into 13 provinces; however, the number and delimitation of the southern provinces is disputed and varies even across Takhtajan's work.- Manchurian Province
-
- two endemic genera (MicrobiotaMicrobiotaMicrobiota is a monotypic] genus of evergreen coniferous shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Microbiota decussata...
, Omphalothrix), many endemic species (including Abies holophylla, Picea koraiensis, Ulmus macrocarpa, Crataegus pinnatifidaCrataegus pinnatifidaCrataegus pinnatifida, also known as Chinese hawthorn or shānzhā , refers to a small to a medium-sized tree as well as the fruit of the tree. The fruit is bright red, 1.5 inches in diameter.-Culinary use:...
, Vitis amurensisVitis amurensisVitis amurensis, the Amur grape, is a species of grape native to the Asian continent. Its name comes from the Amur Valley in Russia and China.It is very resistant to frost, but is not tolerant to drought...
)- Sakhalin-Hokkaido Province
- one endemic genus (Miyakea), some endemic species (including Abies sachalinensisAbies sachalinensisAbies sachalinensis is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is found in Sakhalin island and southern Kurils , and also in northern Hokkaido ....
, Fragaria yezoensisFragaria yezoensisFragaria yezoensis is a species of strawberry native to the eastern side of the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, and the adjacent Kuril Islands and Sakhalin in Russia. It is of no economic value. Some botanists include the very similar Fragaria nipponica in F. yezoensis as a synonym.All strawberries...
)- Japan-Korean Province
- Ryukyu Province
- Volcanic-Bonin Province
- Taiwanese Province
- Northern Chinese Province
- Central Chinese Province
- Southeastern Chinese Province
- Sikang-Yuennan Province
- Northern Burmese Province
- Eastern Himalayan Province
- Khasi-Manipur Province
- two endemic genera (Microbiota