Eastport, Maine
Encyclopedia
Eastport is a small city (consisting entirely of islands) in Washington County
Washington County, Maine
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. In 2010, its population was 32,856. Its county seat is Machias.Sometimes referred to as "Sunrise County" because it is the easternmost county in the United States, and it is often where the rising sun first shines on the 48...

, Maine
Maine
Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. The population was 1,640 at the 2000 census. The principal island is Moose Island
Moose Island
Moose Island is an island in Maine located at the entrance to Cobscook Bay from Passamaquoddy Bay in the Bay of Fundy.Connected to the mainland portion of Washington County at Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation by a causeway, the city of Eastport occupies several islands, including its major...

, which is connected to the mainland by causeway
Causeway
In modern usage, a causeway is a road or railway elevated, usually across a broad body of water or wetland.- Etymology :When first used, the word appeared in a form such as “causey way” making clear its derivation from the earlier form “causey”. This word seems to have come from the same source by...

. Eastport is the easternmost city in the continental United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 (although nearby Lubec
Lubec, Maine
Lubec is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,652 at the 2000 census. Lubec is the easternmost town in the contiguous United States . However, the Aleutian Islands in Alaska extend into the eastern hemisphere, and if territories are included, Point Udall in the...

 is the easternmost municipality).

History

The native Passamaquoddy Tribe has called this area home for at least 10,000 years. Some archeologists estimate the inhabitation at 20,000 years. However, the first known European contact was the St. Croix colony founded by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain , "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608....

 in 1604. Near present day Calais, the Saint Croix Island Acadia
Acadia
Acadia was the name given to lands in a portion of the French colonial empire of New France, in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine. At the end of the 16th century, France claimed territory stretching as far south as...

 settlement predates the first successful English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia by three years. On June 25, 1604, Champlain and his men spent a long and severe winter on St. Croix Island with no fresh water and diminished supplies. Two-fifths of the men died of Scurvy and the colony moved across the bay to Port Royal in present day Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

.

Fishermen and traders visited the area in the 17th century. Moose Island was first settled in 1772 by James Cochrane of Newburyport, Massachusetts
Newburyport, Massachusetts
Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 35 miles northeast of Boston. The population was 21,189 at the 2000 census. A historic seaport with a vibrant tourism industry, Newburyport includes part of Plum Island...

, who would be joined by other fishermen from Newburyport and Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire in the United States. It is the largest city but only the fourth-largest community in the county, with a population of 21,233 at the 2010 census...

. On February 24, 1798, Eastport was incorporated as a town from Plantation Number 8 PS by the Massachusetts General Court
Massachusetts General Court
The Massachusetts General Court is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The name "General Court" is a hold-over from the Colonial Era, when this body also sat in judgment of judicial appeals cases...

, and named for being the easternmost port in the United States. Lubec, on the mainland, was set off and incorporated as a town on June 21, 1811.

From 1807 to 1809, the town was a center of extensive 2-way smuggling
Smuggling
Smuggling is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons, such as out of a building, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations.There are various motivations to smuggle...

 during the Embargo Act
Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 and the subsequent Nonintercourse Acts were American laws restricting American ships from engaging in foreign trade between the years of 1807 and 1812. The Acts were diplomatic responses by presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison designed to protect American interests...

 imposed by President Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom , the third President of the United States and founder of the University of Virginia...

. In 1809, Fort Sullivan was erected atop a village hill, but it was captured by a British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

 fleet under command of Sir Thomas Hardy on July 11, 1814 during the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...

. England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 claimed that Moose Island was on the British side of the international border which had been determined in 1783. Nevertheless, the town was returned to United States' control in 1818. The boundary between the U. S. and Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 in the area remained disputed until settled by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies...

 of 1842. Eastport would be incorporated as a city on March 18, 1893.

Farms produced hay
Hay
Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. Hay is also fed to pets such as rabbits and guinea pigs...

 and potato
Potato
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family . The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species...

es. Industries included a grain
GRAIN
GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. Our support takes the form of independent research and analysis, networking at local, regional and...

 mill, box factory and carding
Carding
Carding is a mechanical process that breaks up locks and unorganised clumps of fibre and then aligns the individual fibres so that they are more or less parallel with each other. The word is derived from the Latin carduus meaning teasel, as dried vegetable teasels were first used to comb the raw wool...

 mill. But the island's economy was primarily directed at the sea. With tide
Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the moon and the sun and the rotation of the Earth....

s of about 25 feet (8 meters), Eastport's spacious harbor remained ice-free year round. The first sardine
Sardine
Sardines, or pilchards, are several types of small, oily fish related to herrings, family Clupeidae. Sardines are named after the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, around which they were once abundant....

 factory was built here about 1875. The population grew with the emergence of the sardine fishery
Fishery
Generally, a fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish which is determined by some authority to be a fishery. According to the FAO, a fishery is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats,...

 and related canning
Canning
Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food contents are processed and sealed in an airtight container. Canning provides a typical shelf life ranging from one to five years, although under specific circumstances a freeze-dried canned product, such as canned, dried lentils, can last as...

 businesses, which studded the shoreline by the end of the 19th-century. By 1886, the town contained 13 sardine factories, which operated day and night during the season, and produced approximately 5,000 cases per week. About 800 men, women and children worked in the plants. But the industry would decline, and many people moved away. Indeed, the city went bankrupt in 1937. In 1976, the Groundhog Day Gale
Groundhog Day gale of 1976
The Groundhog Day gale was a severe winter storm which hit the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada on February 2 , 1976.-Synoptic Evolution:...

 destroyed many structures along the waterfront. Today, catching fish remains the principal industry, although tourism has become important as well.

Eastport is a port of entry
Port of entry
In general, a port of entry is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. It typically has a staff of people who check passports and visas and inspect luggage to assure that contraband is not imported. International airports are usually ports of entry, as are road and rail crossings on a...

. An international ferry
Ferry
A ferry is a form of transportation, usually a boat, but sometimes a ship, used to carry primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services...

 crosses to Deer Island
Deer Island, New Brunswick
Deer Island is a Canadian island located in the Bay of Fundy at the entrance to Passamaquoddy Bay.Elizabeth Rolfe died here in 1635. She was born in 1620 to English colonist John Rolfe and his third wife Jane Pierce. Her husband was John Milner of Nansemond, Virginia. At 45 km², the island is the...

, New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

 during the summer months. Each 4th of July
Independence Day (United States)
Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain...

, the city becomes a destination for thousands of celebrants. Navy ships have docked there during the 4th of July celebration for many years. Eastport celebrated its bicentennial in 1998. Each September, the city hosts the annual Maine Salmon Festival in the historic downtown district.

4th of July

Independence Day
Independence Day (United States)
Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain...

 in Eastport is not simply a festival, but rather a celebration of the birth of a nation. Towns and villages throughout Maine
Maine
Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...

 and Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 come together to party, but also to remember those who sacrificed so much to preserve and protect America. Because "Old Home Week" traditionally begins on Canada Day
Canada Day
Canada Day , formerly Dominion Day , is the national day of Canada, a federal statutory holiday celebrating the anniversary of the July 1, 1867, enactment of the British North America Act , which united three British colonies into a single country, called Canada, within the British Empire...

 and runs through Independence Day
Independence Day
An Independence Day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another nation or state, and more rarely after the end of a military occupation...

, it is actually a celebration of the birth of two nations. Eastport hosts the largest Fourth of July celebration in Maine. Grand Independence Parade (with considerable participation of its Canadian neighbors), Fireworks over the Bay of Fundy, free entertainment at Overlook Park, greasy pole and water sports, antique car show, contests and games for all ages with prizes. Since 1905, U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard ships have made a port call over the 4th and provided free tours.

List of U.S. Navy ships which have visited the port of Eastport on the 4th of July:
  • 2011 U.S.S. NITZE (DDG 94) and U.S.C.G.C. Jefferson Island
  • 2010 U.S.S. DeWert (FFG-45)
  • 2009 U.S.C.G.C. Jefferson Island
  • 2008 U.S.S. Hawes
  • 2007 U.S.S. McFaul
  • 2006 U.S.S. Porter
  • 2005 U.S.S. Ramage
  • 2004 U.S.S. Kauffman
  • 2003 U.S.S. Ticonderoga
  • 2002 U.S.S. Gonzalez
  • 2001 No ship available
  • 2000 U.S.S. Mitscher
  • 1999 U.S.S. Hawes
  • 1998 U.S.S. Stephen W. Groves
  • 1997 U.S.S. Sirocco
  • 1996 U.S.S. Estocin
  • 1995 U.S.S. Avenger
  • 1994 U.S.S. Fahrion
  • 1993 No ship available
  • 1992 U.S.S. LaMoure County
  • 1991 U.S.S. Morison
  • 1990 U.S.S. Sylvania
  • 1989 U.S.S. Thomas C. Hart
  • 1988 U.S.S. Manitowoc
  • 1987 U.S.S. Peterson
  • 1986 No ship available
  • 1985 U.S.S. Butte
  • 1984 U.S.S. Dewey
  • 1983 U.S.S. Sellers
  • 1982 U.S.S. Gallery
  • 1978-1981 unknown
  • 1977 U.S.S. Myles C. Fox
  • 1976 U.S.S. Basilone
  • 1974-1975 unknown
  • 1973 U.S.S. Dash

  • 1972 unknown
  • 1971 Submarine U.S.S. Corporal
  • 1969-1970 unknown
  • 1968 U.S.S. Penobscot
  • 1964-1967 unknown
  • 1963 U.S.S. Caloosahatchee
  • 1962 U.S.S. Perry
  • 1935-1961 unknown
  • 1934 U.S.S. Mississippi
  • 1933 U.S.S. Indianapolis
  • 1928-1932 unknown
  • 1927 Submarine S-22
  • 1924-1926 unknown
  • 1923 U.S.S. Savannah
  • 1905-1922 unknown

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the city has a total area of 12.1 square miles (31.3 km²), of which, 3.7 square miles (9.6 km²) of it is land and 8.4 square miles (21.8 km²) of it (69.65%) is water. Eastport is located on the southeasterly part of Moose Island, which lies between Cobscook Bay
Cobscook Bay
Cobscook Bay is located in Washington County in the state of Maine. It opens into the Bay of Fundy immediately south of the city of Eastport and adjacent to Passamaquoddy Bay...

 to the west and Passamaquoddy Bay
Passamaquoddy Bay
Passamaquoddy Bay is an inlet of the Bay of Fundy, between the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick, at the mouth of the St. Croix River. Most of the bay lies within Canada, with its western shore bounded by Washington County, Maine. The southernmost point is formed by...

 to the east. The city faces Deer Island
Deer Island, New Brunswick
Deer Island is a Canadian island located in the Bay of Fundy at the entrance to Passamaquoddy Bay.Elizabeth Rolfe died here in 1635. She was born in 1620 to English colonist John Rolfe and his third wife Jane Pierce. Her husband was John Milner of Nansemond, Virginia. At 45 km², the island is the...

 to the northeast and Campobello Island
Campobello Island, New Brunswick
Campobello Island is a Canadian island located at the entrance to Passamaquoddy Bay, adjacent to the entrance to Cobscook Bay, and within the Bay of Fundy...

 to the southeast—both in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

.

Old Sow
Old Sow
Old Sow is the largest tidal whirlpool in the Western Hemisphere located off the southwestern shore of Deer Island, New Brunswick, Canada between that island and Moose Island, the principal island of Eastport, Maine....

, the largest whirlpool
Whirlpool
A whirlpool is a swirling body of water usually produced by ocean tides. The vast majority of whirlpools are not very powerful. More powerful ones are more properly termed maelstroms. Vortex is the proper term for any whirlpool that has a downdraft...

 in the Western Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere or western hemisphere is mainly used as a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the Antimeridian , the other half being called the Eastern Hemisphere.In this sense, the western hemisphere consists of the western portions...

, sits on the international boundary between Eastport and Deer Island.

Demographics

The population peaked at 5,311 in 1900. It fell more or less constantly until about 1970 when it stabilized at around 2,000 people. As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2000, there were 1,640 people, 750 households, and 444 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 447.7 people per square mile (173.0/km²). There were 1,061 housing units at an average density of 289.7 per square mile (111.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.60% White, 0.37% African American, 3.96% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.

There were 750 households out of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the city the population was spread out with 18.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,488, and the median income for a family was $31,328. Males had a median income of $22,875 versus $17,917 for females. The per capital income for the city was $14,864. About 11.2% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest


Notable people

  • Kimball Bent
    Kimball Bent
    Kimball Bent , also known as "Kimble Bent", was a soldier and adventurer.At some stage Kimball Bent made his way to Liverpool, England and on 18 October 1859 enlisted in the 57th Regiment of Foot in the British Army. He served in India and his unit was posted to New Zealand in 1861...

    , soldier and adventurer
  • Joseph S. Cony
    Joseph S. Cony
    Joseph Saville Cony was an officer in the United States Navy who served during the American Civil War. The Fletcher-class destroyer USS Cony was named in his honor.-Biography:...

    , naval officer
  • John Pike Grady
    John Pike Grady
    John Pike Grady was born November 12, 1925 in Rochester, New York to Stanley and Kate Grady. He died in Eastport, Maine September 3, 2008 at age 82.- World War II Airman :...

    , airman, journalist, local celebrity
  • Harry G. Hamlet
    Harry G. Hamlet
    Harry Gabriel Hamlet served as the seventh Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, from 1932 to 1936.-Early life and career:...

    , commandant of the Coast Guard
    Commandant of the Coast Guard
    The Commandant of the United States Coast Guard is the highest ranking member of the United States Coast Guard. The Commandant is normally the only four-star Admiral in the Coast Guard and is appointed for a four-year term by the President of the United States upon confirmation by the United...

  • Otis Tufton Mason
    Otis Tufton Mason
    Otis Tufton Mason, Ph.D., LL.D. was an American ethnologist and Smithsonian Institution curator.Mason was born at Eastport, Maine. He graduated at Columbian University in 1861, then worked there for 23 years ). He worked at the United States National Museum from 1884 onward, and founded the...

    , ethnologist
  • Joseph C. Noyes
    Joseph C. Noyes
    Joseph Cobham Noyes was a United States Representative from Maine. He was born in Portland and attended the common schools, and moved to Eastport in 1819...

    , congressman
  • Mary Hayden Pike
    Mary Hayden Pike
    Mary Hayden Pike American author born in Eastport, Maine to Elijah Dix Green and Hannah Caflin Hayden. She was educated in Calais, Maine and acquired religious convictions at the early age of twelve when she went through baptism in an icy stream. She graduated from the Charleston, Massachusetts...

    , author
  • Timothy Pilsbury
    Timothy Pilsbury
    Timothy Pilsbury was a United States Representative from Texas. He was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts were he attended the common schools. He was employed in a store for about two years before he became a sailor. During the War of 1812, he commanded the privateer Yankee...

    , congressman
  • Lorenzo Sabine
    Lorenzo Sabine
    Lorenzo Sabine was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.Born in New Concord , New Hampshire, Sabine moved to Boston, Massachusetts, with his parents in 1811 and to Hampden, Maine, in 1814....

    , congressman
  • Kevin Raye
    Kevin Raye
    Kevin L. Raye is an American politician. Raye is a Republican member of the Maine Senate, representing the 29th district in northeastern Washington County...

    , State Senator

Further reading

  • Joshua M. Smith, Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783-1820, University Press of Florida, 2006

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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