Edenite is a double chain silicate mineral of the amphibole

Amphibole

Amphibole is the name of an important group of generally dark-colored rock-forming inosilicate minerals, composed of double chain tetrahedra, linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures.-Mineralogy:...

 group with the general chemical composition Na[Ca₂][Mg₅[(OH)₂|AlSi₇O₂₂]. Edenite is named for the locality of Edenville, Orange County, New York

Orange County, New York

Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. It is part of the Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area and is located at the northern reaches of the New York metropolitan area. The county sits in the state's scenic Mid-Hudson Region of the Hudson Valley...

, where it was first described.

Occurrence

Edenite has been found primarily in metamorphic

Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock is the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". The protolith is subjected to heat and pressure causing profound physical and/or chemical change...

 rocks, occurring in pods of other magnesium rich minerals within a marble

Marble

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone.Marble is commonly used for...

 formation or with garnet

Garnet

The garnet group includes a group of minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. The name "garnet" may come from either the Middle English word gernet meaning 'dark red', or the Latin granatus , possibly a reference to the Punica granatum , a plant with red seeds...

 rich lherzolite

Lherzolite

Lherzolite is a type of ultramafic igneous rock. It is a coarse grained rock consisting of 40 to 90% olivine along with significant orthopyroxene and lesser calcic chromium rich clinopyroxene. Minor minerals include chromium and aluminium spinels and garnets. Plagioclase can occur in lherzolites...

s from deep within the Earth's crust. Thus, finding edenite in the field can indicate high temperature regional metamorphism of the surrounding rocks.

Uses and importance

While edenite is not important for commercial or industrial applications, it is often studied because of its unique chemical substitution properties. Results from research performed on amphiboles have shown that edenite is particularly suited for fitting chlorine anions into its chemical framework. This makes edenite a good candidate for use in chlorine isotope

Isotopes of chlorine

Chlorine has 24 isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 28Cl to 51Cl and 2 isomers . There are two principal stable isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl , found in the relative proportions of 37.89:12.11, not 3:1, respectively, giving chlorine a standard atomic mass of 35.453, not 35.5...

 fractionation in amphibole bearing rocks. Many synthetic variations of edenite are also used in geochemical research to produce a boron

Boron

Boron is the chemical element with atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. Boron is a metalloid. Because boron is not produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the solar system and the Earth's crust. However, boron is concentrated on Earth by the...

 analogue of fluroedenite.

Crystal habit

Edenite is a member of the monoclinic crystal system

Crystal system

In crystallography, the terms crystal system, crystal family, and lattice system each refer to one of several classes of space groups, lattices, point groups, or crystals...

 and is in the crystal class 2/m (space group C2/m). This means crystalline edenite is symmetrical around a two-fold rotation axis that is then reflected across a mirror plane perpendicular to the long axis of the mineral.

Optical properties

Viewed in thin section

Thin section

In optical mineralogy and petrography, a thin section is a laboratory preparation of a rock, mineral, soil, pottery, bones, or even metal sample for use with a polarizing petrographic microscope, electron microscope and electron microprobe. A thin sliver of rock is cut from the sample with a...

 using a petrographic microscope

Petrographic microscope

A petrographic microscope is a type of optical microscope used in petrology and optical mineralogy to identify rocks and minerals in thin sections. The microscope is used in optical mineralogy and petrography, a branch of petrology which focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks...

, edenite is characterized as being an anisotropic mineral and is biaxial. Under plane polarized light edenite is white-gray and displays a play of colors, or pleochroism

Pleochroism

Pleochroism is an optical phenomenon in which a substance appears to be different colors when observed at different angles with polarized light.- Background :Anisotropic crystals will have optical properties that vary with the direction of light...

, of pale green colors. Under crossed polarized light edenite displays birefringence

Birefringence

Birefringence, or double refraction, is the decomposition of a ray of light into two rays when it passes through certain anisotropic materials, such as crystals of calcite or boron nitride. The effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who saw it in calcite...

interference colors ranging from first order gray to first order blue.