Eduniversal
Encyclopedia
Eduniversal is a French consulting
company and a rating agency specialized in Higher Education
. Founded in 1994, one of the main goals of Eduniversal is to provide a tool, for students all around the world, which provides information on the Best Business Schools
, located in Eduniversal's 9 geographical regions (the 5 continents).
The Eduniversal ranking agency establishes an official selection of the Best 1000 Business Schools in more than 150 countries in the world. The purpose of this selection is to offer students a serious referent that reflects the international dimension of each School, and therefore enables them to make the right decision regarding the choice of their future School.
The official selection is the result of the work of an International Scientific Committee gathered at the initiative of the Eduniversal Company. The International Scientific Committee is composed of 12 members; 9 members coming from nine different geographic zones (Africa
, Central Asia
, Eastern Europe
, Eurasia
and Middle East
, Far East Asia, Latin America
, North America
, Oceania
and Western Europe
), and 2 members from the Eduniversal Company (The CEO and the International Coordinator.
It is interesting to note that, while the company is known as Eduniversal all around the world, in France
it is known as SMBG.
The aim of this official selection is to provide sufficient information for student
s about a range of academic institution
s, sorted by their reputations and international ambitions and located in 9 different zones.
and the international reputation of each academic institution.
Eduniversal offers to describe the best academic opportunities for students zone by zone, via a range of schools with different types of reputation
and international ambitions, within the nine zones listed below:
According to the Eduniversal company, the international reputation is the capacity of a Business School to increase the prestige of a student – and therefore improve his employment
prospects – in his country of study and on the international stage.
In order to execute the official selection, each country and each continent is represented according to a quota
method. The number of schools per country is therefore weighted by quantitative and qualitative criteria.
The quantitative criteria:
The qualitative criterion:
the educational environment in the country (established, among other things, according to the number of secondary education
academic institutions in the country, as well as a historical importance of the national educational tradition).
The results can therefore be expressed in the following way:
The official selection is made by the International Scientific Committee composed of 9 members coming from the nine geographic zones listed above.
The 9 expert members are all well-known academics in their respective zone.
The International Scientific Committee meets:
work carried out by the International Scientific Committee, which compiles the list of criteria, together with the assessments made by peers: The Deans vote
They help the student to make his choice within the Official Selection and rate the reputation of the school
or university
within the country, its geographical zone, or even at the global level.
The Palmes are divided into a league system, which allows horizontal intercontinental comparison, different from the vertical comparison made by most of the international classification systems.
This segmentation is presented as a normal probability curve:
The classification by Palmes is made using two essential elements: the internationalisation criteria and the Deans vote.
The Internalisation criteria:
The Deans vote:
Each Dean
from the universities and schools on the list of 1,000 can vote to recommend the other academic institutions. This vote is converted into a recommendation rate that the student can use to evaluate each academic institution and compare them.
These recommendations give another reply to the question: "Out of the following schools, which ones would you most recommend to a person who wants to study in this country?"
In each country or zone, the 1,000 Deans or Directors of each academic institution give their opinion
concerning the schools in the selection. The vote is not mandatory for each country, and they can only recommend 50% of the academic institutions selected. This vote is treated with utmost confidentiality and all ranking and rating results are filed with a bailiff until their public release.
1. Taking the results of votes into account in the marking that leads to the award of Palmes:
The results of the votes made in the years following the publication of the Official Selection will be weighted and will have a direct influence on the classification of the schools each year.
2. Case of a complete absence of votes that can lead to exclusion from the list every four years:
If an academic institution has received no votes for classification during the four year Official Selection period, it may be penalised, or even lose its place in the selection.
3. Case of an insufficient number of votes to maintain its level in its league:
In the event that a school, last in its league, receives a very small number of votes, compared with other universities in the same league, the Scientific Committee must consider relegating it, particularly in the two following circumstances:
4. Case of a number of votes far exceeding those in its league:
In the event that a school, first in its league, receives a very large number of votes compared to the other universities in its league, and if it places a request file for promotion to the league above, the scientific committee must consider its promotion to the league above, especially in the following two circumstances:
Consultant
A consultant is a professional who provides professional or expert advice in a particular area such as management, accountancy, the environment, entertainment, technology, law , human resources, marketing, emergency management, food production, medicine, finance, life management, economics, public...
company and a rating agency specialized in Higher Education
Higher education
Higher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...
. Founded in 1994, one of the main goals of Eduniversal is to provide a tool, for students all around the world, which provides information on the Best Business Schools
Business school
A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in Business Administration. It teaches topics such as accounting, administration, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, information systems, marketing, organizational behavior, public relations, strategy, human resource...
, located in Eduniversal's 9 geographical regions (the 5 continents).
The Eduniversal ranking agency establishes an official selection of the Best 1000 Business Schools in more than 150 countries in the world. The purpose of this selection is to offer students a serious referent that reflects the international dimension of each School, and therefore enables them to make the right decision regarding the choice of their future School.
The official selection is the result of the work of an International Scientific Committee gathered at the initiative of the Eduniversal Company. The International Scientific Committee is composed of 12 members; 9 members coming from nine different geographic zones (Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
, Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
, Eurasia
Eurasia
Eurasia is a continent or supercontinent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia ; covering about 52,990,000 km2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
and Middle East
Middle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
, Far East Asia, Latin America
Latin America
Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages – particularly Spanish and Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km² , almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area...
, North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, Oceania
Oceania
Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago...
and Western Europe
Western Europe
Western Europe is a loose term for the collection of countries in the western most region of the European continents, though this definition is context-dependent and carries cultural and political connotations. One definition describes Western Europe as a geographic entity—the region lying in the...
), and 2 members from the Eduniversal Company (The CEO and the International Coordinator.
It is interesting to note that, while the company is known as Eduniversal all around the world, in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
it is known as SMBG.
The Official Selection of the best 1000 Business Schools
The official selection as it is defined by the Eduniversal Company is the classification of the 1000 best Business Schools in 153 countries in the World. The selection is classified in terms of Palms and Ratings, issued from the Deans' votes.The aim of this official selection is to provide sufficient information for student
Student
A student is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In some nations, the English term is reserved for those who attend university, while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a pupil in English...
s about a range of academic institution
Academic institution
Academic institution is an educational institution dedicated to education and research, which grants academic degrees. See also academy and university.- Types of academic institutions include :...
s, sorted by their reputations and international ambitions and located in 9 different zones.
Official Selection
The Official Selection is a selection of Business Schools made by a Scientific Committee that has established a global mapping system meeting the criteria of universalityUniversality
Universality may refer to:* Universality in physical science * Universality * Universality , meaning present in all places and all times* Universality...
and the international reputation of each academic institution.
Eduniversal offers to describe the best academic opportunities for students zone by zone, via a range of schools with different types of reputation
Reputation
Reputation of a social entity is an opinion about that entity, typically a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria...
and international ambitions, within the nine zones listed below:
- Africa
- North America
- Latin America
- Central Asia
- Eurasia and the Middle East
- Eastern Europe
- Western Europe
- Far East Asia
- Oceania
According to the Eduniversal company, the international reputation is the capacity of a Business School to increase the prestige of a student – and therefore improve his employment
Employment
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as:- Employee :...
prospects – in his country of study and on the international stage.
In order to execute the official selection, each country and each continent is represented according to a quota
Quota
-Commerce:* Import quota, a type of trade restriction* Production quota* Sales quota, a minimum sales goal for a set time span* Tariff-rate quota, a type of trade restriction-Electoral systems:* Droop quota* Election threshold* Hagenbach-Bischoff quota...
method. The number of schools per country is therefore weighted by quantitative and qualitative criteria.
The quantitative criteria:
- the national expenditure on educationEducationEducation in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
per inhabitant - the GDPGross domestic productGross domestic product refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living....
- the size of the population
- the number of students in higher education
The qualitative criterion:
the educational environment in the country (established, among other things, according to the number of secondary education
Secondary education
Secondary education is the stage of education following primary education. Secondary education includes the final stage of compulsory education and in many countries it is entirely compulsory. The next stage of education is usually college or university...
academic institutions in the country, as well as a historical importance of the national educational tradition).
The results can therefore be expressed in the following way:
| Country | National Expenditure on Education per inhabitant | GDP per inhabitant | Population size in Millions | No. of students in Higher Education | Qualitative Criterion | Schools Quota Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tunisia | $605.10 | $8,898 | 9,815,644 | 26,435 | - | 4 Schools |
| Poland | $773.80 | $14,880 | 38,625,478 | 447,785 | - | 12 Schools |
| Indonesia | $64.80 | $4,323 | 245,452,739 | 552,660 | - | 7 Schools |
| Mexico | $495 | $11,249 | 107,449,525 | 339,450 | - | 17 Schools |
| Netherlands | $1,683.70 | $35,078 | 16,318,199 | 89,341 | - | 13 Schools |
The official selection is made by the International Scientific Committee composed of 9 members coming from the nine geographic zones listed above.
The 9 expert members are all well-known academics in their respective zone.
The International Scientific Committee meets:
- to modify the Official Selection, two years after the first Selection, then every four years, depending on changes and global trends.
- yearly, to publish the Palmes arising from international criteria and the votes of the Deans on the website: www.eduniversal.net.
The Palmes
The EDUNIVERSAL Palmes indicate the level of an academic institution's international reputation. They are awarded on the basis of the researchResearch
Research can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...
work carried out by the International Scientific Committee, which compiles the list of criteria, together with the assessments made by peers: The Deans vote
They help the student to make his choice within the Official Selection and rate the reputation of the school
School
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...
or university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
within the country, its geographical zone, or even at the global level.
The Palmes are divided into a league system, which allows horizontal intercontinental comparison, different from the vertical comparison made by most of the international classification systems.
This segmentation is presented as a normal probability curve:
- 100 schools in the 5 Palmes league
- 200 schools in the 4 Palmes league
- 400 schools in the 3 Palmes league
- 200 schools in the 2 Palmes league
- 100 schools in the 1 Palme league
The classification by Palmes is made using two essential elements: the internationalisation criteria and the Deans vote.
The Internalisation criteria:
- the accreditationAccreditationAccreditation is a process in which certification of competency, authority, or credibility is presented.Organizations that issue credentials or certify third parties against official standards are themselves formally accredited by accreditation bodies ; hence they are sometimes known as "accredited...
s obtained by the schools (AACSBAssociation to Advance Collegiate Schools of BusinessThe Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business was founded in 1916 to accredit schools of business worldwide. The first accreditations took place in 1919. The stated mission is to advance quality management education worldwide through accreditation and thought leadership. It is regarded...
, EQUISEuropean Quality Improvement SystemThe European Quality Improvement System is a school accreditation system. It specializes in higher education institutions of management and business administration, run by the European Foundation for Management Development...
, AMBAEuropean Quality Improvement SystemThe European Quality Improvement System is a school accreditation system. It specializes in higher education institutions of management and business administration, run by the European Foundation for Management Development...
, State Qualification, etc.) - the main classifications (Financial TimesFinancial TimesThe Financial Times is an international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London and printed in 24 cities around the world. Its primary rival is the Wall Street Journal, published in New York City....
, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai Jiao Tong University or SJTU), sometimes referred to as Shanghai Jiaotong University , is a top public research university located in Shanghai, China. Shanghai Jiao Tong University is known as one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China...
, Business Week, AsiaweekAsiaweekAsiaweek, the English edition, was a news magazine focusing on Asia, published weekly by Asiaweek Limited, a subsidiary of Time Inc. Based in Hong Kong, it was established in 1975, and ceased publication with its December 7, 2001 issue due to a "downturn in the advertising market," according to...
, Wall Street Journal, America savings, THES, SMBG, etc.) - participation in international academic associations (EFMDEuropean Foundation for Management DevelopmentThe European Foundation for Management Development is an international membership organization, based in Brussels, Belgium. Europe's largest network association in the field of management development, it has over 700 member organizations from academia, business, public service and consultancy in...
, CLADEA, CEEMANCentral and East European Management Development AssociationThe Central and East European Management Development Association was established in 1993 with the aim of fostering management development and management education development in CEE region...
, EMBA, AAPBSAssociation of Asia-Pacific Business SchoolsThe Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools was founded in 2004 by 11 of the leading business schools within the Asia-Pacific region...
, etc.) - the network of partners of Deans and Business Schools at the international and local levels
- reputed studies and sites in the world of education and universities
The Deans vote:
Each Dean
Dean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...
from the universities and schools on the list of 1,000 can vote to recommend the other academic institutions. This vote is converted into a recommendation rate that the student can use to evaluate each academic institution and compare them.
These recommendations give another reply to the question: "Out of the following schools, which ones would you most recommend to a person who wants to study in this country?"
The Ratings
The Deans vote is one of the main characteristics of Eduniversal. The Schools and Universities in the official selection are therefore subjected to the assessment of their academic peers throughout the world.In each country or zone, the 1,000 Deans or Directors of each academic institution give their opinion
Opinion
In general, an opinion is a subjective belief, and is the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. An opinion may be supported by an argument, although people may draw opposing opinions from the same set of facts. Opinions rarely change without new arguments being presented...
concerning the schools in the selection. The vote is not mandatory for each country, and they can only recommend 50% of the academic institutions selected. This vote is treated with utmost confidentiality and all ranking and rating results are filed with a bailiff until their public release.
Influence of votes on the future official selections and future annual Palme awards
1. Taking the results of votes into account in the marking that leads to the award of Palmes:
The results of the votes made in the years following the publication of the Official Selection will be weighted and will have a direct influence on the classification of the schools each year.
2. Case of a complete absence of votes that can lead to exclusion from the list every four years:
If an academic institution has received no votes for classification during the four year Official Selection period, it may be penalised, or even lose its place in the selection.
3. Case of an insufficient number of votes to maintain its level in its league:
In the event that a school, last in its league, receives a very small number of votes, compared with other universities in the same league, the Scientific Committee must consider relegating it, particularly in the two following circumstances:
- A university from the league below has received an exceptionally large number of votes, many more than the university concerned by the relegation, and has submitted, to the Scientific Committee, a legitimate request for promotion to the league above. The Scientific Committee will assess the file with respect to all the criteria that lead to the award of Palmes.
- Global or continental "pressure" is expressed at the level of the league below in which the university concerned is placed, demonstrated by a large number of legitimate requests for promotion to the league above being placed before the scientific committee.
4. Case of a number of votes far exceeding those in its league:
In the event that a school, first in its league, receives a very large number of votes compared to the other universities in its league, and if it places a request file for promotion to the league above, the scientific committee must consider its promotion to the league above, especially in the following two circumstances:
- A university in the league above has received a much smaller number of votes compared with the other universities in its league;
- Absence of global or continental "pressure" at the level of the league concerned, expressed by a reasonable number of legitimate request files for promotion to the league above being placed before the scientific committee.