Edward Griffin Hitchcock
Encyclopedia
Edward Griffin "Holy Terror" Hitchcock (1837–1898) was a law enforcement officer in the Kingdom of Hawaii
, who rose to the position of Marshal of the Republic of Hawaii
.
.
His father was early missionary Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
(1800–1855), and mother was Rebecca Howard (1808–1890).
They were assigned the mission station called Kaluaaha on the eastern end of the island of Molokai
. He attended Punahou School
from 1847 to 1853.
He married Mary Tenney Castle (1838–1926), daughter of Castle & Cooke
founder Samuel Northrup Castle
(1808–1894) on April 11, 1862.
He managed the family sugar plantation
at Pāpaikou.
He was appointed as Sheriff
of the island of Hawaii
on April 5, 1888.
In December 1889 deputy sheriff Rufus Anderson Lyman
informed him of the lynching case of Japanese immigrant Katsu Goto in Honokaa. Hitchcock tracked down his suspects who were tried and found guilty, but they were later pardoned and freed by the new government. The episode was dramatized in a 2001 play by Eric Anderson "Another Heaven", and a memorial was erected in Honokaa for Goto.
After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in early 1893, Marshal Charles Burnett Wilson
was viewed as loyal to deposed Queen Liliuokalani. Hitchcock replaced Wilson as Marshal, the highest law enforcement officer in the country.
His effectiveness at rounding up suspects and his ties to missionaries earned him the nickname "Holy Terror".
He lived in the capital Honolulu while serving as Marshal of the Provisional Government of Hawaii
and the Republic of Hawaii
.
One of the first of several uprisings he faced was called the Leper War
. He ordered victims of Leprosy
to the remote colony of Kalaupapa. Some on the island of kauai
had to be captured by force. The Kalaupapa colony was considered more like a prison than a medical facility. A leader of the uprising named Koolau was dramatized in the Jack London
short story "Koolau the Leper".
The 1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii
, was an organized armed revolt on the capital. After an initial victory by the Royalists, on January 7, 1895 President Sanford B. Dole
declared martial law and employed troops and artillery. Hitchcock eventually arrested the leaders and the Queen.
Hitchcock resigned on August 1, 1895 and Arthur M. Brown, who had served as Hitchcock's deputy, became the new Marshal.
He returned to his island Sheriff duties, until he was appointed circuit court judge of the island of Hawaii in October 1896 replacing Antone Rosa.
district of Hawaii island.
He and Mary had six children who grew to adulthood.
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was born August 17, 1864, married Hannah Julia Meyer (1866–1912), daughter of German businessman Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer
on February 18, 1891, and died August 23, 1931. Their son Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
(1891-1958) was on the 1913 College Football All-America Team
. Mary Rebecca Hitchcock was born June 27, 1866, married Frederick Galen Snow (1858–1926) in 1898, and died October 9, 1958.
Harriet Castle Hitchcock was born September 15, 1868 and died August 26, 1933.
Edward Northrup Hitchcock was born June 25, 1870, married Clara Louise Fasset and died September 29, 1901.
Eloise Tenney Hitchcock was born January 8, 1873, married Frank Tallant Smith in 1895, and died August 31, 1899 in San Francisco.
Mabel Winchester Hitchcock was born November 1, 1876, married Bertrand Ferdidand Schoen, and died May 3, 1963.
Two other daughters died young.
His nephew D. Howard Hitchcock (1861–1943) became a painter in what was called the Volcano School
because of the use of the volcanoes of Hawaii island as subjects.
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
, who rose to the position of Marshal of the Republic of Hawaii
Republic of Hawaii
The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands...
.
Life
Edward Griffin Hitchcock was born January 20, 1837 in Lahaina on the island of MauiMaui
The island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the state of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Lānai, Kahoolawe, and Molokai. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444,...
.
His father was early missionary Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was an early protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawaii from the United States. With his three sons, he and his wife started a family that would influence Hawaii's history. He had at least three namesakes in the subsequent generations.-Life:Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was...
(1800–1855), and mother was Rebecca Howard (1808–1890).
They were assigned the mission station called Kaluaaha on the eastern end of the island of Molokai
Molokai
Molokai or Molokai is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles in size with a land area of , making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of...
. He attended Punahou School
Punahou School
Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private, co-educational, college preparatory school located in Honolulu CDP, City and County of Honolulu in the U.S. State of Hawaii...
from 1847 to 1853.
He married Mary Tenney Castle (1838–1926), daughter of Castle & Cooke
Castle & Cooke
Castle & Cooke, Inc. is a Los Angeles-based company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company at one time did most of its business in agriculture...
founder Samuel Northrup Castle
Samuel Northrup Castle
Samuel Northrup Castle was a businessman and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii.-Life:Samuel Northrup Castle was born August 12, 1808 in Cazenovia, New York. His middle name is sometimes spelled "Northrop"...
(1808–1894) on April 11, 1862.
He managed the family sugar plantation
Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaii by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival in the islands in 1778. Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a...
at Pāpaikou.
He was appointed as Sheriff
Sheriff
A sheriff is in principle a legal official with responsibility for a county. In practice, the specific combination of legal, political, and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country....
of the island of Hawaii
Hawaii (island)
The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island , is a volcanic island in the North Pacific Ocean...
on April 5, 1888.
In December 1889 deputy sheriff Rufus Anderson Lyman
Rufus Anderson Lyman
Rufus Anderson Lyman was a son of a missionary who became a lawyer and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii, founded the Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company, and had many notable descendants.-Life:...
informed him of the lynching case of Japanese immigrant Katsu Goto in Honokaa. Hitchcock tracked down his suspects who were tried and found guilty, but they were later pardoned and freed by the new government. The episode was dramatized in a 2001 play by Eric Anderson "Another Heaven", and a memorial was erected in Honokaa for Goto.
After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in early 1893, Marshal Charles Burnett Wilson
Charles Burnett Wilson (marshal)
Charles Burnett “C.B.” Wilson was a British and Tahitian superintendent of the water works and fire chief under King Kalākaua, and was Marshal of the Kingdom under Queen Liliuokalani. and father of John H. Wilson-Early years:...
was viewed as loyal to deposed Queen Liliuokalani. Hitchcock replaced Wilson as Marshal, the highest law enforcement officer in the country.
His effectiveness at rounding up suspects and his ties to missionaries earned him the nickname "Holy Terror".
He lived in the capital Honolulu while serving as Marshal of the Provisional Government of Hawaii
Provisional Government of Hawaii
The Provisional Government of Hawaii abbreviated "P.G." was proclaimed on January 17, 1893 by the 13 member Committee of Safety under the leadership of Sanford B. Dole...
and the Republic of Hawaii
Republic of Hawaii
The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands...
.
One of the first of several uprisings he faced was called the Leper War
Leper War on Kaua'i
The Leper War on Kauai also known as the Koolau Rebellion, Battle of Kalalau or the short name, the Leper War. Following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, the stricter government enforced the 1865 "Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy" carried out by Attorney General and President of the...
. He ordered victims of Leprosy
Leprosy
Leprosy or Hansen's disease is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Named after physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions...
to the remote colony of Kalaupapa. Some on the island of kauai
Kauai
Kauai or Kauai, known as Tauai in the ancient Kaua'i dialect, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of , it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the 21st largest island in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle",...
had to be captured by force. The Kalaupapa colony was considered more like a prison than a medical facility. A leader of the uprising named Koolau was dramatized in the Jack London
Jack London
John Griffith "Jack" London was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone...
short story "Koolau the Leper".
The 1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii
1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii
The 1895 Counter-revolution in Hawaii was a brief war from January 6 to January 9, 1895, that consisted of three battles on the island of Oahu, Hawaii...
, was an organized armed revolt on the capital. After an initial victory by the Royalists, on January 7, 1895 President Sanford B. Dole
Sanford B. Dole
Sanford Ballard Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory...
declared martial law and employed troops and artillery. Hitchcock eventually arrested the leaders and the Queen.
Hitchcock resigned on August 1, 1895 and Arthur M. Brown, who had served as Hitchcock's deputy, became the new Marshal.
He returned to his island Sheriff duties, until he was appointed circuit court judge of the island of Hawaii in October 1896 replacing Antone Rosa.
Death and legacy
He died October 9, 1898 in the KohalaKohala, Hawaii
thumb|right|300px|The districts of the [[Hawaii |Big Island]]. From Northernmost, clockwise; Kohala , [[Hamakua|Hāmākua]], [[Hilo, Hawaii|Hilo]], [[Puna, Hawaii|Puna]], [[Kau, Hawaii|Kaū]], [[Kona District, Hawaii|Kona]]...
district of Hawaii island.
He and Mary had six children who grew to adulthood.
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock was born August 17, 1864, married Hannah Julia Meyer (1866–1912), daughter of German businessman Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer
Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer
Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer was a German who managed an early agricultural business in the Kingdom of Hawaii.-Life:Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer was born on April 2, 1826 to Rudolph Heinrich Meyer and Christine Ludewike Sengevald. They lived in the Hanse district of Hamburg, Germany on the estuary of the Elbe...
on February 18, 1891, and died August 23, 1931. Their son Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr. was on the 1913 College Football All-America Team. From an influential missionary family in the Hawaiian Islands, he went insane during World War I.-Biography:...
(1891-1958) was on the 1913 College Football All-America Team
1913 College Football All-America Team
The 1913 College Football All-America team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-America Teams selected by various organizations in 1913...
. Mary Rebecca Hitchcock was born June 27, 1866, married Frederick Galen Snow (1858–1926) in 1898, and died October 9, 1958.
Harriet Castle Hitchcock was born September 15, 1868 and died August 26, 1933.
Edward Northrup Hitchcock was born June 25, 1870, married Clara Louise Fasset and died September 29, 1901.
Eloise Tenney Hitchcock was born January 8, 1873, married Frank Tallant Smith in 1895, and died August 31, 1899 in San Francisco.
Mabel Winchester Hitchcock was born November 1, 1876, married Bertrand Ferdidand Schoen, and died May 3, 1963.
Two other daughters died young.
His nephew D. Howard Hitchcock (1861–1943) became a painter in what was called the Volcano School
Volcano School
The Volcano School refers to a group of non-native Hawaiian artists who painted dramatic nocturnal scenes of Hawaii’s erupting volcanoes. Some of the artists also produced watercolors, which, by the nature of the medium, tended to be diurnal...
because of the use of the volcanoes of Hawaii island as subjects.