Electricity sector in Finland
Encyclopedia
The electricity sector in Finland
relies on nuclear power
, forest industry black liquor
and wood consumption, cogeneration
and electricity import from Russia
. In 2008 the consumption of electricity in Finland was 17 036 kWh/person. The European union (15) average was 7 409 kWh/person. According to the Finnish Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen
the consumption of electricity will increase in Finland from the year 2010 in future. Co-generation of heat and electricity in industry and district heating is common in Finland.
Electricity import during 2000-2006 was from Sweden < 7 TWh/a and Russia <11.5 TWh/a and after year 2007 also Estonia 1.2 TWh. Electricity was exported in Sweden <7 TWh. Net electricity import during 2000-2006 was between: Sweden -7-+7 TWh and Russia 4-11 TWh. In 2003- 2004 electricity was exported in Sweden over 6 TWh. In 2005 electricity was imported both from Sweden and Russia based on good water power year in Sweden.
/Siemens
contract promised the station delivery in 2009. However, the station was under construction in 4/2010.
's nuclear power
program has four nuclear reactor
s in two power plants
. The first of these came into operation in 1977. In 2009 nuclear power stations produced 22 TWh electricity which was 28 % of total electricity consumption 81 TWh.
Finland would have had one of the highest - or the highest - nuclear electricity production in the world pro person i.e. ca 7,050 kWh/person (45 %) in 2009, if the new reactor were ready in 2009 as scheduled. In 2009 other nuclear electricity production were (kWh/person) e.g. France
6,371, Sweden
5,382, USA 2,699, Japan
2,198 and UK
1,120.
Areva/Siemens estimate a new 1,600MWe European Pressurized Water Reactor to start in Olkiluoto
in 2013 i.e. the construction would be 8 years (2005-2013) instead of 4 years (2005-2009). The nuclear capacity was 2,671 MW in 1.1.2006. Combined capacity will be 4,271 MW. Increase of nuclear electricity will be 60 % giving about 7,050 kWh/person (45 %) in 2009 if the reactor were ready.
In 2010 the Finnish parliament gave permission for two new nuclear reactors. Further, many politicians had positive attitude in March 2011 to renew two old ones.
Finnish company Fortum
owns 45.5 % of Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant
and 22 % Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant
in Sweden. In year 2004 Fortum produced 17.9 % of Swedish nuclear electricity (13.4 TWh / 75 TWh).
Finnish company Fortum
owns 25.7 % of Russian nuclear power company Polyarnye Zori
as partner of TGK-1.
In 2009 nuclear fuel was imported from Sweden 40%, Russia 18 %, Germany 2 % and other 40 %. In 2006 the other country source of nuclear fuel was Spain. Both Sweden and Spain have intentions to phase-out nuclear power. This may impact the nuclear power fuel availability and price in Finland. Swedish people voted for phase-out of nuclear power plants on 23 March 1980.
Talvivaara Mining Company
applied uranium
mining permission 20.4.2010. In February 2011 Talvivaara sold exclusive rights of the uranium for the Canadian Cameco
until the end of year 2027. This was the first uranium application in the history of Finland. According to the Ministery of Trade the EIA process was until 31.3.2011. However in 31.3.2011 the application was supplemented.
produced of electricity with renewable energy
25.9 % in 2009, 28.6 % in 2000 and 26.4 % in 1990. The volume of non-renewable electricity has not declined compared to year 2000. As of 2008, Finland
produced 20.9 TWh of electricity with renewable energy. This includes 12.6 TWh water power. Other major sources are black liquor
in forest industry and industry and small scale wood fuels.
produced 0.4 % of electricity with wind power
. The European average was 4.1 %.
is the power market for Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Sweden and Finland. The electric producers in Finland include: Fortum
, Pohjolan Voima
, Teollisuuden Voima
and Helsingin Energia
.
Oyj is a Finnish
national electricity transmission grid operator.
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
relies on nuclear power
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity...
, forest industry black liquor
Black liquor
Black liquor is the spent cooking liquor from the kraft process when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood to free the cellulose fibers....
and wood consumption, cogeneration
Cogeneration
Cogeneration is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat....
and electricity import from Russia
Energy policy of Russia
The Energy policy of Russia is contained in an Energy Strategy document, which sets out policy for the period up to 2020. In 2000 the Russian government approved the main provisions of the Russian energy strategy to 2020, and in 2003 the new Russian energy strategy was confirmed by the government...
. In 2008 the consumption of electricity in Finland was 17 036 kWh/person. The European union (15) average was 7 409 kWh/person. According to the Finnish Minister of Finance Jyrki Katainen
Jyrki Katainen
Jyrki Tapani Katainen is the Prime Minister of Finland and chairman of the country's largest party, the National Coalition Party.-Career:...
the consumption of electricity will increase in Finland from the year 2010 in future. Co-generation of heat and electricity in industry and district heating is common in Finland.
Consumption and import
The share of industry was 52-54 % of electricity consumption during 1990-2005. The share of forest industry was 30-32 %. The yearly net import of electricity has been between 5-20 % of consumption.Electricity import during 2000-2006 was from Sweden < 7 TWh/a and Russia <11.5 TWh/a and after year 2007 also Estonia 1.2 TWh. Electricity was exported in Sweden <7 TWh. Net electricity import during 2000-2006 was between: Sweden -7-+7 TWh and Russia 4-11 TWh. In 2003- 2004 electricity was exported in Sweden over 6 TWh. In 2005 electricity was imported both from Sweden and Russia based on good water power year in Sweden.
| Electricity in Finland Th | |||
| Consumption | Production | Nettoimport | |
| 2000 | 79 | 67 | 12 |
| 2001 | 81 | 71 | 10 |
| 2002 | 84 | 72 | 12 |
| 2003 | 85 | 80 | 5 |
| 2004 | 87 | 82 | 5 |
| 2005 | 85 | 68 | 17 |
| 2006 | 90 | 79 | 11 |
| 2007 | 90 | 78 | 13 |
| 2008 | 87 | 74 | 13 |
| 2009 | 81 | 69 | 12 |
| 2010 | 87 | 77 | 10,5 |
Electricity pro person and by power source
| Electricity pro person in Finland (kWh/ hab.) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use | Production | Import | Import % | Fossil | Nuclear Nuclear power Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity... |
Nuc. Nuclear power Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity... % |
Other RE Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from... |
Bio Biomass Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel.... +waste |
Wind | Non RE Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from... use* |
RE Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from... %* |
|
| 2004 | 17,346 | 16,409 | 937 | 5.4 % | 7,061 | 4,344 | 25.0 % | 2,954 | 2,050 | 12,342 | 28.8 % | |
| 2005 | 16,674 | 13,436 | 3,238 | 19.4 % | 4,459 | 4,432 | 26.6 % | 2,705 | 1,840 | 12,129 | 27.3 % | |
| 2006 | 17,782 | 15,410 | 2,372 | 13.3 % | 6,135 | 4,444 | 25.0 % | 2,803 | 2,028 | 12,951 | 27.2 % | |
| 2008 | 17,036 | 14,612 | 2,424 | 14.2 % | 5,182 | 4,345 | 25.5 % | 3,356 | 1,727 | 11,953 | 29.8 % | |
| 2009 | 15,698 | 13,428 | 2,270 | 14.5 % | 4,822 | 4,409 | 28.1 % | 2,477* | 1,670 | 56* | 11,495 | 26.8 % |
| * Other RE Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from... is waterpower, solar and geothermal electricity Geothermal electricity Geothermal electricity is electricity generated from geothermal energy.Technologies in use include dry steam power plants, flash steam power plants and binary cycle power plants... and windpower until 2008 * Non RE use = use – production of renewable electricity RE % = (production of RE / use) * 100 % Note: EU Renewable energy in the European Union The countries of the European Union are currently the number two global leaders in the development and application of renewable energy. Promoting the use of renewable energy sources is important both to the reduction of the EU's dependence on foreign energy imports, and in meeting targets to combat... calculates the share of renewable energies in gross electrical consumption. |
||||||||||||
Capacity
The capacity of power stations in Finland was 12.9 GW in 2009 and 13.7 GW in 2005. The capacity of power stations in Sweden was 28.8 GW in 2009 and 27.9 GW in 2005. There is a new nuclear power station (European Pressurized Water Reactor) under construction in Olkiluoto. ArevaAreva
AREVA is a French public multinational industrial conglomerate headquartered in the Tour Areva in Courbevoie, Paris. AREVA is mainly known for nuclear power; it also has interests in other energy projects. It was created on 3 September 2001, by the merger of Framatome , Cogema and...
/Siemens
Siemens
Siemens may refer toSiemens, a German family name carried by generations of telecommunications industrialists, including:* Werner von Siemens , inventor, founder of Siemens AG...
contract promised the station delivery in 2009. However, the station was under construction in 4/2010.
Mode of production
| Electricity by mode of production (%) | ||||||||||
| Nuclear | Hydro | Gas | Coal | Wood | Peat | Oil | Wind | Other | Nettoimport | |
| 2008 | 25.2 % | 19.4 % | 12.5 % | 9.2 % | 11.2 % | 5.6 % | 0.5 % | 0.3 % | 1.5 % | 14.7 % |
| 2009 | 28.0 % | 15.6 % | 11.4 % | 13.1 % | 10.0 % | 5.4 % | 0.6 % | 0.4 % | 0.7 % | 15.0 % |
Nuclear power
As of 2008, FinlandFinland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
's nuclear power
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity...
program has four nuclear reactor
Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Most commonly they are used for generating electricity and for the propulsion of ships. Usually heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid , which runs through turbines that power either ship's...
s in two power plants
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.Nuclear power plants are usually...
. The first of these came into operation in 1977. In 2009 nuclear power stations produced 22 TWh electricity which was 28 % of total electricity consumption 81 TWh.
Finland would have had one of the highest - or the highest - nuclear electricity production in the world pro person i.e. ca 7,050 kWh/person (45 %) in 2009, if the new reactor were ready in 2009 as scheduled. In 2009 other nuclear electricity production were (kWh/person) e.g. France
Electricity sector in France
The electricity sector in France is the main article of electricity in France. Energy in France focus energy and electricity production, consumption and import in France. Energy policy of France will describe the politics of France related to energy more in detail.In the year 2009 electricity was...
6,371, Sweden
Electricity sector in Sweden
Sweden relies on hydro power and nuclear power. In 2008 the consumption of electricity in Sweden was 16 018 kWh per inhabitant. The European union average was 7 409 kWh/person....
5,382, USA 2,699, Japan
Electricity sector in Japan
The electric power industry in Japan covers the generation, transmission, distribution, and sale of electric energy in Japan.- Consumption :In 2008, Japan consumed an average of 8507 kWh/person of electricity...
2,198 and UK
Electricity sector in the United Kingdom
The electricity sector in the United Kingdom relies mainly on fossil fuelled power and 15-20 % in nuclear power. The use of electricity declined 11 % in 2009 compared to 2004 and respectively the renewable energy per cent share of total electricity use increased 2.8 %. The annual use of electricity...
1,120.
Areva/Siemens estimate a new 1,600MWe European Pressurized Water Reactor to start in Olkiluoto
Olkiluoto
The Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant is on Olkiluoto Island, which is on the shore of the Gulf of Bothnia in the municipality of Eurajoki in western Finland. It is one of Finland's two nuclear power plants, the other being the two-unit VVER Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant...
in 2013 i.e. the construction would be 8 years (2005-2013) instead of 4 years (2005-2009). The nuclear capacity was 2,671 MW in 1.1.2006. Combined capacity will be 4,271 MW. Increase of nuclear electricity will be 60 % giving about 7,050 kWh/person (45 %) in 2009 if the reactor were ready.
In 2010 the Finnish parliament gave permission for two new nuclear reactors. Further, many politicians had positive attitude in March 2011 to renew two old ones.
Finnish company Fortum
Fortum
Fortum Oyj is a Finnish publicly listed energy company, which focuses on the Nordic and Baltic countries, Poland and the north-west of Russia. After acquisition of Russian energy company TGC-10 in year 2008, Western Siberia has become an important operating area for Fortum. The head of the company...
owns 45.5 % of Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant
Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant
The Nuclear power station Oskarshamn is one of three active nuclear power stations in Sweden. The plant is about 30 kilometers north of Oskarshamn directly at the Kalmarsund at the Baltic Sea coast and with three reactors producing about 10% of the electricity needs of Sweden...
and 22 % Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant
Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant
Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in Forsmark, Sweden, and also the site of the Swedish Final repository for radioactive operational waste...
in Sweden. In year 2004 Fortum produced 17.9 % of Swedish nuclear electricity (13.4 TWh / 75 TWh).
Finnish company Fortum
Fortum
Fortum Oyj is a Finnish publicly listed energy company, which focuses on the Nordic and Baltic countries, Poland and the north-west of Russia. After acquisition of Russian energy company TGC-10 in year 2008, Western Siberia has become an important operating area for Fortum. The head of the company...
owns 25.7 % of Russian nuclear power company Polyarnye Zori
Polyarnye Zori
Polyarnye Zori is a town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Niva River, Lake Imandra, and Lake Pinozero south of Murmansk. Population:...
as partner of TGK-1.
In 2009 nuclear fuel was imported from Sweden 40%, Russia 18 %, Germany 2 % and other 40 %. In 2006 the other country source of nuclear fuel was Spain. Both Sweden and Spain have intentions to phase-out nuclear power. This may impact the nuclear power fuel availability and price in Finland. Swedish people voted for phase-out of nuclear power plants on 23 March 1980.
Talvivaara Mining Company
Talvivaara Mining Company
Talvivaara Mining Company plc is a Finnish-based nickel mining business operating in Finland. Listed on the London and Helsinki Stock Exchanges, the company is a constituent of the FTSE 250 and OMXH25 indices.-History:...
applied uranium
Uranium
Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
mining permission 20.4.2010. In February 2011 Talvivaara sold exclusive rights of the uranium for the Canadian Cameco
Cameco
Cameco Corporation is the world's largest publicly traded uranium company, based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. In 2009, it was the world's second largest uranium producer, accounting for 16% of world production.-History:...
until the end of year 2027. This was the first uranium application in the history of Finland. According to the Ministery of Trade the EIA process was until 31.3.2011. However in 31.3.2011 the application was supplemented.
Renewable energy
FinlandFinland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
produced of electricity with renewable energy
Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable . About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from...
25.9 % in 2009, 28.6 % in 2000 and 26.4 % in 1990. The volume of non-renewable electricity has not declined compared to year 2000. As of 2008, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
produced 20.9 TWh of electricity with renewable energy. This includes 12.6 TWh water power. Other major sources are black liquor
Black liquor
Black liquor is the spent cooking liquor from the kraft process when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood to free the cellulose fibers....
in forest industry and industry and small scale wood fuels.
Wind power
As of 2008, FinlandFinland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
produced 0.4 % of electricity with wind power
Wind power
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships....
. The European average was 4.1 %.
Companies
Nord Pool SpotNord Pool Spot
Nord Pool Spot runs the largest market for electrical energy in the world, measured in volume traded and in market share. It operates in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and Estonia. More than 70% of the total consumption of electrical energy in the Nordic market is traded through Nord Pool...
is the power market for Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Sweden and Finland. The electric producers in Finland include: Fortum
Fortum
Fortum Oyj is a Finnish publicly listed energy company, which focuses on the Nordic and Baltic countries, Poland and the north-west of Russia. After acquisition of Russian energy company TGC-10 in year 2008, Western Siberia has become an important operating area for Fortum. The head of the company...
, Pohjolan Voima
Pohjolan Voima
Pohjolan Voima Oy is the second biggest Finnish energy company, which owns hydropower and thermal power plants . Pohjolan Voima is a founder and main shareholder of the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant operator Teollisuuden Voima Oy...
, Teollisuuden Voima
Teollisuuden Voima
Teollisuuden Voima Oyj is a Finnish nuclear power company owned by a consortium of power and industrial companies. The biggest shareholders are Pohjolan Voima and Fortum...
and Helsingin Energia
Helsingin Energia
Helsingin Energia , Helsingfors Energi , founded in 1909 and based in Helsinki, is one of the largest energy companies in Finland...
.
Transmission
FingridFingrid
Fingrid Oyj is a Finnish national electricity transmission grid operator. It is owned by the Finnish state , power companies Fortum and Pohjolan Voima and financial investors . CEO of the company is Jukka Ruusunen....
Oyj is a Finnish
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
national electricity transmission grid operator.