Emergency Court of Appeals
Encyclopedia
The Emergency Court of Appeals was a temporary federal court
established by the United States
during World War II
, whose purpose was to review wage- and price-control
matters. The Court, established by the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, had "exclusive jurisdiction to set aside such regulation, order, or price schedule, in whole or in part, to dismiss the complaint
, or to remand the proceeding". This exclusive grant of jurisdiction was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States
in Lockerty v. Philips (1943). From March 2, 1942 to May 27, 1943, the chief judge of the Emergency Court of Appeals was Frederick M. Vinson, who was also serving as a judge of the District of Columbia Circuit
, and who would eventually serve as Chief Justice of the United States
.
The Court consisted of three or more judges designated by the Chief Justice
from the judges of the United States district courts and Courts of Appeals
. The Court was vested with jurisdiction and powers of a district court to hear appeal
s filed within thirty days against denials of protests by the Price Administrator
and with exclusive jurisdiction to set aside regulation
s, orders, or price schedules, in whole or in part, or to remand the proceeding, but the court was tightly constrained in its treatment of regulations.
Some functions of this court were later revived in the Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals
in the 1970s, the jurisdiction of which was ultimately transferred to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
.
United States federal courts
The United States federal courts make up the judiciary branch of federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government.-Categories:...
established by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, whose purpose was to review wage- and price-control
Price controls
Price controls are governmental impositions on the prices charged for goods and services in a market, usually intended to maintain the affordability of staple foods and goods, and to prevent price gouging during shortages, or, alternatively, to insure an income for providers of certain goods...
matters. The Court, established by the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, had "exclusive jurisdiction to set aside such regulation, order, or price schedule, in whole or in part, to dismiss the complaint
Complaint
In legal terminology, a complaint is a formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons that the filing party or parties In legal terminology, a complaint is a formal legal document that sets out the facts and legal reasons (see: cause of action) that the filing party or parties In...
, or to remand the proceeding". This exclusive grant of jurisdiction was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...
in Lockerty v. Philips (1943). From March 2, 1942 to May 27, 1943, the chief judge of the Emergency Court of Appeals was Frederick M. Vinson, who was also serving as a judge of the District of Columbia Circuit
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit known informally as the D.C. Circuit, is the federal appellate court for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Appeals from the D.C. Circuit, as with all the U.S. Courts of Appeals, are heard on a...
, and who would eventually serve as Chief Justice of the United States
Chief Justice of the United States
The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the United States federal court system and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight are the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States...
.
The Court consisted of three or more judges designated by the Chief Justice
Chief Justice of the United States
The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the United States federal court system and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight are the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States...
from the judges of the United States district courts and Courts of Appeals
United States courts of appeals
The United States courts of appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system...
. The Court was vested with jurisdiction and powers of a district court to hear appeal
Appeal
An appeal is a petition for review of a case that has been decided by a court of law. The petition is made to a higher court for the purpose of overturning the lower court's decision....
s filed within thirty days against denials of protests by the Price Administrator
Office of Price Administration
The Office of Price Administration was established within the Office for Emergency Management of the United States government by Executive Order 8875 on August 28, 1941. The functions of the OPA was originally to control money and rents after the outbreak of World War II.President Franklin D...
and with exclusive jurisdiction to set aside regulation
Regulation
Regulation is administrative legislation that constitutes or constrains rights and allocates responsibilities. It can be distinguished from primary legislation on the one hand and judge-made law on the other...
s, orders, or price schedules, in whole or in part, or to remand the proceeding, but the court was tightly constrained in its treatment of regulations.
Some functions of this court were later revived in the Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals
Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals
The United States Congress established the Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals in December 1971 and granted it exclusive jurisdiction to hear appeals from the decisions of the U.S. district courts in cases arising under the wage and price control program of the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970...
in the 1970s, the jurisdiction of which was ultimately transferred to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
-Vacancies and pending nominations:-List of former judges:-Chief judges:Notwithstanding the foregoing, when the court was initially created, Congress had to resolve which chief judge of the predecessor courts would become the first chief judge...
.