Emperor Tsuchimikado
Encyclopedia
was the 83rd emperor
of Japan
, according to the traditional order of succession.
Tsuchimikado's reign spanned the years from 1198 through 1210.
, his personal name (imina) was .
He was the firstborn son of Emperor Go-Toba
. His mother was Ariko (在子)(1171–1257), daughter of Minamoto no Michichika (源通親).
Tsuchimikado's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi
of the Heian Palace
. His family included three sons by three different consorts:
, who continued to exercise Imperial powers as cloistered emperor
.
In Kyōto
, Minamoto no Michichika took power as steward, and in Kamakura
, in 1199, upon the death of Minamoto no Yoritomo
, Hōjō Tokimasa began to rule as Gokenin
.
Tsuchimikado removed himself from Kyoto, traveling first to Tosa province
(now known as Kōchi Prefecture
); and later, he moved to Awa province
, where he died in exile.
Tsuchimikado's official Imperial tomb is in Kyoto. The emperor is venerated at a memorial
Shinto
shrine
(misasagi). This mausoleum
shrine is formally named Kanegahara no misasagi.
in pre-Meiji
eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Tsuchimikado's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
Emperor
An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife or a woman who rules in her own right...
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, according to the traditional order of succession.
Tsuchimikado's reign spanned the years from 1198 through 1210.
Genealogy
Before Tsuchimikado's ascension to the Chrysanthemum ThroneChrysanthemum Throne
The is the English term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term can refer to very specific seating, such as the takamikura throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace....
, his personal name (imina) was .
He was the firstborn son of Emperor Go-Toba
Emperor Go-Toba
was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198....
. His mother was Ariko (在子)(1171–1257), daughter of Minamoto no Michichika (源通親).
Tsuchimikado's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi
Dairi
Dairi may refer to:* The building in which the Japanese Imperial family resided , the women of the Imperial family , the Imperial court of Japan, or an indirect way of referring to the Emperor himself....
of the Heian Palace
Heian Palace
The Heian Palace was the original imperial palace of Heian-kyō , the capital of Japan, from 794 to 1227. In Japan, this palace is called Daidairi...
. His family included three sons by three different consorts:
- Empress (Chūgū): Ōinomikado (Fujiwara) noReikoFujiwara no ReishiFujiwara no Reishi was an Empress consort of Japan. She was the consort of Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan.- Sources :...
(大炊御門（藤原）麗子) - Lady-in-waiting: Tsuchimikado (Minamoto) no Michi-ko (土御門（源）通子)
- First daughter: Princess Haruko (春子女王)
- Second daughter: Imperial Princess Akiko (覚子内親王)
- Third son: Prince Jinsuke (仁助法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Fourth son: Prince Chikahito (静仁法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Sixth son: Prince Kunihito (邦仁王) (Emperor Go-SagaEmperor Go-SagaEmperor Go-Saga was the 88th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
) - Fifth daughter: Princess Hideko (秀子女王)
Events of Tsuchimikado's life
In 1198, he became emperor upon the abdication of Emperor Go-TobaEmperor Go-Toba
was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198....
, who continued to exercise Imperial powers as cloistered emperor
Cloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
.
- 1198 (KenkyūKenkyuwas a after Bunji and before Shōji. This period spanned the years from April 1190 through April 1199. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1190 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
9, 11th day of the 1st month): In the 15th year of Go-Toba-tennō 's reign (後鳥天皇15年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his eldest son.
- 1198 (Kenkyū 9, 3rd month): Emperor Tsuchimikado is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).
- 1199: Shortly after Tsuchimikado's reign began, Minamoto no YoritomoMinamoto no Yoritomowas the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan. He ruled from 1192 until 1199.-Early life and exile :Yoritomo was the third son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, heir of the Minamoto clan, and his official wife, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori, who was a member of the...
died.
- 1203: Yoritomo's successor as head of the Kamakura shogunateKamakura shogunateThe Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...
, Minamoto no YoriieMinamoto no Yoriiewas the second shogun of Japan's Kamakura shogunate, and the first son of first shogun Yoritomo.- Life :Born from Tokimasa's daughter Hōjō Masako at Hiki Yoshikazu's residence in Kamakura, Yoriie had as wet nurses the wives of powerful men like Hiki himself and Kajiwara Kagetoki, and Hiki's...
, was assassinated;and former emperor Go-Toba was responsible for good relations with the shogunate when it was headed by Minamoto no SanetomoMinamoto no SanetomoMinamoto no Sanetomo was the third shogun of the Kamakura shogunate Sanetomo was the second son of the founder of the Kamakura shogunate Minamoto no Yoritomo, his mother was Hōjō Masako, and his older brother was the second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie.His childhood name was...
from 1203 through 1219.
- 1210: Go-Toba persuaded him Tsuchimikado to abdicate in favor of his younger brother, who would become known as Emperor JuntokuEmperor Juntokuwas the 84th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221.-Genealogy:...
.
In Kyōto
Kyoto
is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.-History:...
, Minamoto no Michichika took power as steward, and in Kamakura
Kamakura, Kanagawa
is a city located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, about south-south-west of Tokyo. It used to be also called .Although Kamakura proper is today rather small, it is often described in history books as a former de facto capital of Japan as the seat of the Shogunate and of the Regency during the...
, in 1199, upon the death of Minamoto no Yoritomo
Minamoto no Yoritomo
was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan. He ruled from 1192 until 1199.-Early life and exile :Yoritomo was the third son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, heir of the Minamoto clan, and his official wife, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori, who was a member of the...
, Hōjō Tokimasa began to rule as Gokenin
Gokenin
A was initially a vassal of the shogunate of the Kamakura and the Muromachi periods. In exchange for protection and the right to become shugo or jitō , in times of peace a gokenin had the duty to protect the imperial court and Kamakura, in case of war had to fight with his forces under the...
.
Tsuchimikado removed himself from Kyoto, traveling first to Tosa province
Tosa Province
is the name of a former province of Japan in the area that is today Kōchi Prefecture on Shikoku. Tosa was bordered by Iyo and Awa Provinces. It was sometimes called .-History:The ancient capital was near modern Nankoku...
(now known as Kōchi Prefecture
Kochi Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located on the south coast of Shikoku. The capital is the city of Kōchi.- History :Prior to the Meiji Restoration, Kōchi was known as Tosa Province and was controlled by the Chosokabe clan in the Sengoku period and the Yamauchi family during the Edo period.- Geography...
); and later, he moved to Awa province
Awa Province
Awa Province may refer to:* Awa Province in modern-day Chiba Prefecture* Awa Province in modern-day Tokushima Prefecture...
, where he died in exile.
- 1231: The former emperor died at age 37.
Tsuchimikado's official Imperial tomb is in Kyoto. The emperor is venerated at a memorial
Memorial
A memorial is an object which serves as a focus for memory of something, usually a person or an event. Popular forms of memorials include landmark objects or art objects such as sculptures, statues or fountains, and even entire parks....
Shinto
Shinto
or Shintoism, also kami-no-michi, is the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. It is a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past. Shinto practices were first recorded and codified in the written...
shrine
Shrine
A shrine is a holy or sacred place, which is dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon or similar figure of awe and respect, at which they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated....
(misasagi). This mausoleum
Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the...
shrine is formally named Kanegahara no misasagi.
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of JapanEmperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
in pre-Meiji
Meiji period
The , also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912. This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan.- Meiji Restoration and the emperor :...
eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Tsuchimikado's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
- Sesshō, Konoe Motomichi, 1160-1233.
- Sesshō, Kujō Yoshitsune, 1169-1206.
- Daijō-daijin, Kujō Yoshitsune.
- SadaijinSadaijin, most commonly translated as "Minister of the Left", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Sadaijin in the context of a central...
- UdaijinUdaijinUdaijin , most commonly translated as the "Minister of the Right", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Udaijin in the context of a central...
- Nadaijin
- DainagonDainagonwas a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century.This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century....
Eras of Tsuchimikado's reign
The years of Tschuimikado's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.- KenkyūKenkyuwas a after Bunji and before Shōji. This period spanned the years from April 1190 through April 1199. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1190 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1190–1199) - ShōjiShoji (era)was a after Kenkyū and before Kennin. This period spanned the years from April 1199 through February 1201. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1199 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1199–1201) - KenninKenninwas a after Shōji and before Genkyū. This period spanned the years from February 1201 through February 1204. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
(1201–1204) - GenkyūGenkyuwas a after Kennin and before Ken'ei. This period spanned the years from February 1204 through April 1206. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1204 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1204–1206) - Ken'ei (1206–1207)
- Jōgen (1207–1211)
See also
- Emperor of JapanEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Imperial cultImperial cultAn imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor, or a dynasty of emperors , are worshipped as messiahs, demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense...
- Emperor Go-TsuchimikadoEmperor Go-Tsuchimikadowas the 103rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1464 through 1500....