Endiandra discolor
Encyclopedia
Endiandra discolor is an Australian tree, growing from near Gosford, New South Wales
(33° S) to Tully, Queensland
(17° S) in the tropics. Common names include Rose Walnut and Domatia Tree.
Endiandra discolor is a buttressed rainforest tree. The habitat is tropical, warm temperate or subtropical rainforest
, particularly on the poorer volcanic soil types, and alluvial soil near streams.
The bark is brown or brownish grey, smooth on younger trees. The bark of older trees is rougher, with small depressions in the bark which are sometimes inhabited by insects. New branchlets covered with soft downy hairs.
Leaves veiny. The midrib, lateral veins and net veins visible on both surfaces, raised and more evident under the leaf. Midrib and lateral veins a pale green colour. The alternative common name Domatia Tree refers to the prominent raised, kidney shaped glands on the underside of the leaf. They occur at the meeting of the mid rib and some of the lateral veins.
s in the months of October and November. Flowers are tiny, 2 mm long and sweetly scented. The panicles are shorter than the leaves.
The fruit matures from March to April, being a shiny black drupe
, 20 to 25 mm long. The flesh is green, surrounding an oval shaped seed, 15 to 20 mm long. Like many Australian laurels, the seed is slightly ribbed. The flesh should be removed from the fruit before sowing the seeds.
, Rose crowned fruit dove, Superb fruit-dove
and Topknot Pigeon
. The leaves of Endiandra discolor provide food for the larvae of the Macleay's Swallowtail butterfly. Endiandra discolor is a larval host for the fruit fly, Bactrocera endiandrae.
Gosford, New South Wales
Gosford is a city located on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 76 km north of the Sydney central business district...
(33° S) to Tully, Queensland
Tully, Queensland
Tully is a small town in Queensland, Australia, adjacent to the Bruce Highway approximately south of Cairns by road and north of Townsville. At the 2006 census, Tully had a population of 2,457....
(17° S) in the tropics. Common names include Rose Walnut and Domatia Tree.
Endiandra discolor is a buttressed rainforest tree. The habitat is tropical, warm temperate or subtropical rainforest
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions based on a minimum normal annual rainfall of 1750-2000 mm...
, particularly on the poorer volcanic soil types, and alluvial soil near streams.
Description
Endiandra discolor is a medium to large size tree, occasionally reaching 40 metres in height and 90 cm in trunk diameter. The base of the tree is significantly buttressed, up to 2 metres high on larger trees.The bark is brown or brownish grey, smooth on younger trees. The bark of older trees is rougher, with small depressions in the bark which are sometimes inhabited by insects. New branchlets covered with soft downy hairs.
Leaves
The leaves are alternate, not toothed. 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide. Blunt or bluntly pointed at the end of the leaf. Ovate to ovate elliptic in shape. Leaf stem 5 to 10 mm long. Leaves glossy on the top surface, greyish or paler underneath. The specific name discolor refers to the difference in colour of the top and bottom leaf surfaces.Leaves veiny. The midrib, lateral veins and net veins visible on both surfaces, raised and more evident under the leaf. Midrib and lateral veins a pale green colour. The alternative common name Domatia Tree refers to the prominent raised, kidney shaped glands on the underside of the leaf. They occur at the meeting of the mid rib and some of the lateral veins.
Flowers and Fruit
Creamy green flowers occur on paniclePanicle
A panicle is a compound raceme, a loose, much-branched indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers attached along the secondary branches; in other words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes....
s in the months of October and November. Flowers are tiny, 2 mm long and sweetly scented. The panicles are shorter than the leaves.
The fruit matures from March to April, being a shiny black drupe
Drupe
In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. These fruits develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries...
, 20 to 25 mm long. The flesh is green, surrounding an oval shaped seed, 15 to 20 mm long. Like many Australian laurels, the seed is slightly ribbed. The flesh should be removed from the fruit before sowing the seeds.
Ecology
Fruit are eaten by many rainforest birds, including the Wompoo Fruit Dove, CatbirdCatbird
Several unrelated groups of songbirds are called catbirds because of their wailing calls, which resemble a cat's meowing. The genus name Ailuroedus likewise is from the Greek for "cat-singer" or "cat-voiced"....
, Rose crowned fruit dove, Superb fruit-dove
Superb Fruit-Dove
The Superb Fruit Dove , also known as the Purple-crowned Fruit Dove , is a medium-sized , colourful fruit-dove in the family Columbidae....
and Topknot Pigeon
Topknot Pigeon
The Topknot Pigeon is a pigeon native to Australia. It is also known by the name of "Flock Pigeon".-Description:...
. The leaves of Endiandra discolor provide food for the larvae of the Macleay's Swallowtail butterfly. Endiandra discolor is a larval host for the fruit fly, Bactrocera endiandrae.