Energy in Kazakhstan
Encyclopedia
Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy
and electricity
production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan
. Energy policy of Kazakhstan
describes the politics of Kazakhstan
related to energy.
Kazakhstan is net energy exporter. Kazakhstan has oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves.
According to IEA
primary energy supply increased 29 % and energy export 21 % from 2004 to 2008 in Kazakstan.
A major concern of the coal mines of Kazakstan is safety and prevention and control of mine explosions.
In 2009 Kazakstan was 8. top coal producer: 96 million tonnes hard coal and 5 million tonnes brown coal. 22 Mt of hard coal was exported (2009). In 2009 Kazakstan was world 8. top coal exporter. The top hard coal net exporters in 2009 were (Mt): Australia
262, Indonesia
230, Russia 93, Colombia 69, South Africa
67, United States 33, Vietnam
25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4.
The coal of Kazakstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne.
Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh.
investigations in US
was uncovered connected to the Government of Kazakhstan funds from oil transactions. Global corruption report 2009 refers to alleged scheme were the Kazakh president and oil minister demanded that international oil companies pay fees to a middleman. The case was under investigation in 2009. According to claims the middleman got from the deals some US$78 million in gifts
and bribes to the Kazakh president and others through bank accounts in Switzerland
, Liechtenstein
and the British Virgin Islands
.
According to media reports, the former chief executive of German MAN SE’s turbine manufacturing unit MAN Turbo AG, pleaded guilty in June 2010 of bribery. In one case, he reportedly paid a bribe to obtain a major contract with MunayGaz in Kazakhstan for construction of a gas turbine compressor station, which he claimed was solicited in 2004.
World energy resources and consumption
]World energy consumption in 2010: over 5% growthEnergy markets have combined crisis recovery and strong industry dynamism. Energy consumption in the G20 soared by more than 5% in 2010, after the slight decrease of 2009. This strong increase is the result of two converging trends...
and electricity
Electricity generation
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from other forms of energy.The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday...
production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. Energy policy of Kazakhstan
Energy policy of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan owns large reserves of energy resources, and therefore the energy policy of Kazakhstan has influence over the world's overall energy supply. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an energy superpower, Kazakhstan's president Nursultan Nazarbayev has claimed Kazakhstan will...
describes the politics of Kazakhstan
Politics of Kazakhstan
The politics of Kazakhstan takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Kazakhstan is head of state and nominates the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government...
related to energy.
Kazakhstan is net energy exporter. Kazakhstan has oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves.
Overview
| Energy in Kazakhstan | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Export | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 15.0 | 638 | 1,379 | 742 | 54.4 | 162.2 |
| 2007 | 15.5 | 773 | 1,582 | 811 | 68.9 | 190.5 |
| 2008 | 15.7 | 825 | 1,723 | 899 | 73.5 | 201.6 |
| 2009 | 15.9 | 766 | 1,696 | 931 | 71.6 | 189.5 |
| Change 2004-2009 | 6.0 % | 20.1 % | 22.9 % | 25.6 % | 31.7 % | 16.9 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses. | ||||||
According to IEA
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis...
primary energy supply increased 29 % and energy export 21 % from 2004 to 2008 in Kazakstan.
Coal
| Hard coal in Kazakstan (Mt) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Production | Import | |
| 2005 | 79 | 15 |
| 2008 | 104 | 27 |
| 2009 | 96 | 22 |
A major concern of the coal mines of Kazakstan is safety and prevention and control of mine explosions.
In 2009 Kazakstan was 8. top coal producer: 96 million tonnes hard coal and 5 million tonnes brown coal. 22 Mt of hard coal was exported (2009). In 2009 Kazakstan was world 8. top coal exporter. The top hard coal net exporters in 2009 were (Mt): Australia
Energy in Australia
Energy in Australia describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export in Australia. Energy policy of Australia describes the politics of Australia related to energy....
262, Indonesia
Energy in Indonesia
Energy in Indonesia describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Indonesia. In 2009 Indonesia produced oil, coal, natural gas and palm oil, utilized also as energy raw material in 2010. Renewable energy potential in Indonesia is high: solar, wind, hydro and geothermal...
230, Russia 93, Colombia 69, South Africa
Energy in South Africa
Energy in South Africa describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export in South Africa.South Africa was 6. top hard coal producer in 2009. Hard coal production was 1,620 TWh in 2009 and total energy production 1,995 TWh in 2008. The environmenatal concerns of old abandoned coal...
67, United States 33, Vietnam
Energy in Vietnam
Energy in Vietnam describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Vietnam. Energy policy of Vietnam describes the energy policy in the politics of Vietnam more in detail....
25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4.
The coal of Kazakstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne.
Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh.
Corruption
In 2003 one of the largest foreign corruptionCorruption
Corruption usually refers to spiritual or moral impurity.Corruption may also refer to:* Corruption , an American crime film* Corruption , a British horror film...
investigations in US
Corruption in the United States
The 2010 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ranked the United States 22 out of 178 countries.-See also:*List of federal political scandals in the United States* List of state and local political scandals in the United States...
was uncovered connected to the Government of Kazakhstan funds from oil transactions. Global corruption report 2009 refers to alleged scheme were the Kazakh president and oil minister demanded that international oil companies pay fees to a middleman. The case was under investigation in 2009. According to claims the middleman got from the deals some US$78 million in gifts
and bribes to the Kazakh president and others through bank accounts in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
and the British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands
The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands , is a British overseas territory and overseas territory of the European Union, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands make up part of the Virgin Islands archipelago, the remaining islands constituting the U.S...
.
According to media reports, the former chief executive of German MAN SE’s turbine manufacturing unit MAN Turbo AG, pleaded guilty in June 2010 of bribery. In one case, he reportedly paid a bribe to obtain a major contract with MunayGaz in Kazakhstan for construction of a gas turbine compressor station, which he claimed was solicited in 2004.