Eusebio Ayala
Encyclopedia
Eusebio Ayala was President of Paraguay
from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member of the Liberal Party
. He was overthrown by Rafael Franco
.
), Cordillera Department
, Paraguay, on August 14, 1875. His parents were Abdón Bordenave and Casimira Ayala, an illiterate teenage girl aged 19, that had endured the hardships of the resident Paraguayan women. He was Juana Concepcion’s father’s brother, Enrique Bordenave, Rosa Elena and Maria Bordenave. He was married to the French Marcelle Durand, with whom he had a son called Roger Ayala Durand.
Eusebio Ayala comes from a very humble family from her mother’s side.
His first education in school were acquired in his hometown, with his aunt Benita. Then he moved to the country's capital, Asuncion
, where he worked as a trainee in a shop, thanks to his own effort, and later he was able to enter the National College and received his bachelor in 1896.
Exercising the title of Expert in Business, Ayala taught classes in schools, through which he could afford his expenses at the College of Law, National University, where he graduated as Doctor of Social Science and Law in 1904, defending a thesis on the national budget.
After completing his university education, he made several trips to Europe
. The first was as secretary of the embassy of Great Britain
for three years, time that he came to master English and French
, and also improve his philosophical and cultural training.
It was in one of those trips where he met the person who would be his future wife, Madame Marcelle Amelia Durand. She was born in Tours
, France
, January 16, 1889. She got married at very young age with a Parisian jeweler, but he suffered from a mental problem that drove him to suicide, leaving Marcelle a widow and without offspring.
After the incident, she continued living in Paris
, where she met Eusebio Ayala. Marcelle lived until his last days in Paraguay, as a sample of great love and respect she had for him. Marcelle Ayala died in Asuncion on April 20, 1954. Her years close to the statesman were recorded in his book "Memories".
As a journalist he worked at “El Diario” and “El Liberal”, and later he was editor of the Journal of Law and Social Sciences. Jose P. Guggiari
appointed him ambassador to the United States
. He was reminded, as the only Paraguayan of that era who gave a lecture in The Sorbonne, Paris, on the uti possidetis (the thing possessed) in a clear and correct French. Fruit of his research in finance, he wrote a book which he called "Monetary issues and related topics" in 1917.
Ayala died in Buenos Aires
on June 4, 1942. To commemorate him the old San Lorenzo street and his hometown in Paraguay were renamed after him, on June 17 1942.
, as a result of a political crisis and the impossibility of forming a government by Vice President Félix Paiva
, the National Congress named him temporary president on November 7, 1921, a position he served until April 12, 1923, at extremely difficult times for the country. It had to rule in the lawless days of the revolution in 1922/23.
The second government, between August 15, 1932 and February 17, 1936, was not better either, because he had run the government when the Chaco War
with Bolivia
had begun in (1932-1935). Dr. Ayala visited the battlefront several times during the war and he won the title "President of Victory."
Although the war consumed all the energy of the Government, some works were undertaken, such as including the formalization of the restored version of the National Anthem, among other things. During the war, he held the three main pillars of his policy: As Command in Chief, along with General José Félix Estigarribia
, he led successful campaigns of the Army; implemented a progressive system of expenses, and maintained a diplomatic directive with the strong desire to achieve peace with dignity.
He was overthrown after the war and a few months before finishing his presidential term by a military movement on February 17, 1936. He was imprisoned and exiled out of the country, going to Buenos Aires.
He joined the Liberal Party
in 1908 and campaigned in the "radical" sector. During the presidency of Emiliano González Navero
, in 1909, he was appointed chancellor, a position he also held in following governments. He was also one of the founders of the Paraguayan Society of International Law and became a delegate of the International Financial Conference, held in Buenos Aires in 1916.
were waiting for him.
He started his activities for the year 1938. He joined a major law firm in Buenos Aires, and led the Argentine – Paraguayan Chamber. He also wrote for “La Razon”, a local newspaper. His son, Roger, had finished his studies and lived with his parents. Ayala returned to Asuncion to make some work businesses, and took advantage of this opportunity to visit his sister.
On September 28, 1992, the remains of Eusebio Ayala arrived on a special flight at Silvio Pettirossi international airport from Buenos Aires. A vehicle of the Army transported the urn until the “Palacio de Lopez”, under the greeting of the Paraguayan flags.
On September 29, 1992, the remains of Dr. Eusebio Ayala finally rested in his country, in the National Pantheon of Heroes of Asuncion.
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member of the Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Paraguay)
The Liberal Party , commonly known as the Blue Party was a political party in Paraguay, ruling the country for most of the period between 1904 and 1940.-References:...
. He was overthrown by Rafael Franco
Rafael Franco
Rafael Franco Ojeda was President of Paraguay from February 17, 1936 to August 13, 1937. He was a member of the Febrerista Revolutionary Party....
.
His Life
Born in Barrero Guasu (Barrero GrandeEusebio Ayala District
Eusebio Ayala is a district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay. It is named after Eusebio Ayala, a former President of Paraguay. It is located approximately 72 km of the city of Asuncion, capital of the Republic of Paraguay....
), Cordillera Department
Cordillera Department
-History:During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries this area of the country was going through a serious crisis due to population bellicosity of the Indians from Chaco. The villagers from Tobatí located north of the river Pirapo then called, had to migrate south for the continue attacks by...
, Paraguay, on August 14, 1875. His parents were Abdón Bordenave and Casimira Ayala, an illiterate teenage girl aged 19, that had endured the hardships of the resident Paraguayan women. He was Juana Concepcion’s father’s brother, Enrique Bordenave, Rosa Elena and Maria Bordenave. He was married to the French Marcelle Durand, with whom he had a son called Roger Ayala Durand.
Eusebio Ayala comes from a very humble family from her mother’s side.
His first education in school were acquired in his hometown, with his aunt Benita. Then he moved to the country's capital, Asuncion
Asunción
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunción, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San...
, where he worked as a trainee in a shop, thanks to his own effort, and later he was able to enter the National College and received his bachelor in 1896.
Exercising the title of Expert in Business, Ayala taught classes in schools, through which he could afford his expenses at the College of Law, National University, where he graduated as Doctor of Social Science and Law in 1904, defending a thesis on the national budget.
After completing his university education, he made several trips to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. The first was as secretary of the embassy of Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
for three years, time that he came to master English and French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, and also improve his philosophical and cultural training.
It was in one of those trips where he met the person who would be his future wife, Madame Marcelle Amelia Durand. She was born in Tours
Tours
Tours is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.It is located on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection of its local spoken French, and for the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, January 16, 1889. She got married at very young age with a Parisian jeweler, but he suffered from a mental problem that drove him to suicide, leaving Marcelle a widow and without offspring.
After the incident, she continued living in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, where she met Eusebio Ayala. Marcelle lived until his last days in Paraguay, as a sample of great love and respect she had for him. Marcelle Ayala died in Asuncion on April 20, 1954. Her years close to the statesman were recorded in his book "Memories".
His career
Upon his return to Paraguay, he taught classes of Criminal Law and Constitutional Law at the Faculty of Law and he became Rector of the University of Asuncion.As a journalist he worked at “El Diario” and “El Liberal”, and later he was editor of the Journal of Law and Social Sciences. Jose P. Guggiari
José Patricio Guggiari
José Patricio Guggiari Corniglione was a Paraguayan politician.He was a doctor in law and social sciences, and a general attorney . He went on to found the liberal Constitutional Party, and was elected as congressman in . He was designated Minister of Internal Affairs in 1920, and in 1922...
appointed him ambassador to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. He was reminded, as the only Paraguayan of that era who gave a lecture in The Sorbonne, Paris, on the uti possidetis (the thing possessed) in a clear and correct French. Fruit of his research in finance, he wrote a book which he called "Monetary issues and related topics" in 1917.
Ayala died in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
on June 4, 1942. To commemorate him the old San Lorenzo street and his hometown in Paraguay were renamed after him, on June 17 1942.
His government
Following the resignation of President Manuel GondraManuel Gondra
Manuel Gondra Pereira was President of Paraguay from November 25, 1910 to January 11, 1911 and from August 15, 1920 to October 31, 1921. He was also an author and a member of the Liberal Party....
, as a result of a political crisis and the impossibility of forming a government by Vice President Félix Paiva
Félix Paiva
Félix Paiva was Paraguayan politician from the Liberal Party.He studied law and worked as university teacher, rector of the University and president of the Supreme Court...
, the National Congress named him temporary president on November 7, 1921, a position he served until April 12, 1923, at extremely difficult times for the country. It had to rule in the lawless days of the revolution in 1922/23.
The second government, between August 15, 1932 and February 17, 1936, was not better either, because he had run the government when the Chaco War
Chaco War
The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
with Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
had begun in (1932-1935). Dr. Ayala visited the battlefront several times during the war and he won the title "President of Victory."
Although the war consumed all the energy of the Government, some works were undertaken, such as including the formalization of the restored version of the National Anthem, among other things. During the war, he held the three main pillars of his policy: As Command in Chief, along with General José Félix Estigarribia
José Félix Estigarribia
Marshal José Félix Estigarribia Insaurralde was a decorated Paraguayan war hero and President of Paraguay for the Liberal party. Educated as an agronomist, he joined the national Army in 1910 and spent time in Chile and in Saint Cyr's military academy in France for additional training...
, he led successful campaigns of the Army; implemented a progressive system of expenses, and maintained a diplomatic directive with the strong desire to achieve peace with dignity.
He was overthrown after the war and a few months before finishing his presidential term by a military movement on February 17, 1936. He was imprisoned and exiled out of the country, going to Buenos Aires.
Political biography
In his long political career he was legal adviser to major corporations, deputy, senator, minister of Finance, Justice, Worship and Education and Foreign Affairs.He joined the Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Paraguay)
The Liberal Party , commonly known as the Blue Party was a political party in Paraguay, ruling the country for most of the period between 1904 and 1940.-References:...
in 1908 and campaigned in the "radical" sector. During the presidency of Emiliano González Navero
Emiliano González Navero
Emiliano González Navero was Paraguayan politician of the Liberal Party, he served as President and Vice President on four occasions.-His life:He was one of the great survivors of the War against Triple Alliance...
, in 1909, he was appointed chancellor, a position he also held in following governments. He was also one of the founders of the Paraguayan Society of International Law and became a delegate of the International Financial Conference, held in Buenos Aires in 1916.
The exile and his later years
Accompanied by General Estigarribia, Dr. Eusebio Ayala, left Paraguay on September 5, 1936, to Buenos Aires, where his wife and a reception with all the honorswere waiting for him.
He started his activities for the year 1938. He joined a major law firm in Buenos Aires, and led the Argentine – Paraguayan Chamber. He also wrote for “La Razon”, a local newspaper. His son, Roger, had finished his studies and lived with his parents. Ayala returned to Asuncion to make some work businesses, and took advantage of this opportunity to visit his sister.
On September 28, 1992, the remains of Eusebio Ayala arrived on a special flight at Silvio Pettirossi international airport from Buenos Aires. A vehicle of the Army transported the urn until the “Palacio de Lopez”, under the greeting of the Paraguayan flags.
On September 29, 1992, the remains of Dr. Eusebio Ayala finally rested in his country, in the National Pantheon of Heroes of Asuncion.