Euthalian Apparatus
Encyclopedia
The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament
's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles
. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the ends of books. This material is traditionally associated with the name of Euthalius
.
.
To the Euthalian Apparatus belong: a chronology of the Apostle Paul
, the martyrdom of Paul, a list of places at which the Epistles were thought to be written, and the names associated with Paul in the headings to the Epistles. The quotation from the Old Testament cited in the Pauline epistles are numbered and catalogued in a list. Overall, the Apparatus is a collection of varied aids for the reader.
, but according to Tregelles
he was a Bishop of Sulca in Egypt. According to Wake
and L. A. Zacagni Euthalius was a Bishop of Sulce, near Syene
.
It was suggested that the name of the real author of the Apparatus was Evagrius. According to John Mill
it was Theodore of Mopsuestia
. Hermann von Soden thought, that Euthalius lived in the 7th century, possibly in Antioch
.
Bruce M. Metzger stated: "How much of this supplementary material was drawn up by Euthalius and how much was added later is not known."
The Euthalian Apparatus is contained in numerous manuscripts: Codex Mutinensis
, Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 3
, 5
, 6
, 35
, 38
, and many other mediaeval manuscripts of the New Testament.
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the ends of books. This material is traditionally associated with the name of Euthalius
Euthalius
Euthalius was a deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of Sulca. He lived towards the middle of the fifth century and is chiefly known through his work on the New Testament in particular as the author of the "Euthalian Sections"....
.
Description
Euthalius divided the text of the Acts and Catholic epistles into chapters, with a summary of contents at the top of each chapter. To Euthalius were also referred a division of the Acts into 16 αναγνωσεις (lessons) and of the Pauline epistles into 31 sections. But these lessons are quite different. Euthalius prepared also the text of the Acts and Epistles in which text is written stichometricallyStichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
.
To the Euthalian Apparatus belong: a chronology of the Apostle Paul
Paul of Tarsus
Paul the Apostle , also known as Saul of Tarsus, is described in the Christian New Testament as one of the most influential early Christian missionaries, with the writings ascribed to him by the church forming a considerable portion of the New Testament...
, the martyrdom of Paul, a list of places at which the Epistles were thought to be written, and the names associated with Paul in the headings to the Epistles. The quotation from the Old Testament cited in the Pauline epistles are numbered and catalogued in a list. Overall, the Apparatus is a collection of varied aids for the reader.
Authorship
The authorship usually is attributed to the one Euthalius. He was identified as Bishop of Sulci in SardiniaSardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
, but according to Tregelles
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles was an English biblical scholar, textual critic, and theologian.- Life :Tregelles was born at Wodehouse Place, Falmouth, of Quaker parents, but he himself for many years was in communion with the Plymouth Brethren and then later in life became a Presbyterian...
he was a Bishop of Sulca in Egypt. According to Wake
William Wake
William Wake was a priest in the Church of England and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1716 until his death in 1737.-Life:...
and L. A. Zacagni Euthalius was a Bishop of Sulce, near Syene
Aswan
Aswan , formerly spelled Assuan, is a city in the south of Egypt, the capital of the Aswan Governorate.It stands on the east bank of the Nile at the first cataract and is a busy market and tourist centre...
.
It was suggested that the name of the real author of the Apparatus was Evagrius. According to John Mill
John Mill
John Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
it was Theodore of Mopsuestia
Theodore of Mopsuestia
Theodore the Interpreter was bishop of Mopsuestia from 392 to 428 AD. He is also known as Theodore of Antioch, from the place of his birth and presbyterate...
. Hermann von Soden thought, that Euthalius lived in the 7th century, possibly in Antioch
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.Founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the...
.
Bruce M. Metzger stated: "How much of this supplementary material was drawn up by Euthalius and how much was added later is not known."
The Euthalian Apparatus is contained in numerous manuscripts: Codex Mutinensis
Codex Mutinensis
Codex Mutinensis designated by Ha or 014 , α 6 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Acts of Apostles, dated paleographically to the 9th century...
, Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 3
Minuscule 3
Minuscule 3 , δ 253 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century...
, 5
Minuscule 5
Minuscule 5 , δ 453 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 342 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 6
Minuscule 6
Minuscule 6 , δ 356 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 235 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents and full marginalia...
, 35
Minuscule 35
Minuscule 35 , δ309 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on 328 parchment leaves . Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has complex contents, marginalia, and many corrections.- Description :The codex contains the entire New Testament...
, 38
Minuscule 38
Minuscule 38 , δ 355 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. Formerly it was labelled by 38e, 19a, 377p....
, and many other mediaeval manuscripts of the New Testament.
Further reading
- Bruce M. Metzger, Manuscripts of Greek Bible, Oxford University PressOxford University PressOxford University Press is the largest university press in the world. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics appointed by the Vice-Chancellor known as the Delegates of the Press. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as...
, 1981, pp. 42–43
External links
- Waltz, Euthalian Apparatus, at the: Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism