FYN
Encyclopedia
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn is an enzyme
that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene
.
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase
oncogene
family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein
. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist.
s, which activates ras. Fyn is a tyrosine specific phospho-transferase that is a member of the Src family of tyrosine protein kinases. Fyn is primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it phosphorylates tyrosine residues on key targets involved in a variety of different signaling pathways. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
Using these tools, a requirement for Fyn has been shown for the following signaling pathways: T
and B cell
receptor signaling, integrin
-mediated signaling, growth factor
and cytokine receptor
signaling, platelet activation
, ion channel
function, cell adhesion
, axon guidance
, fertilization, entry into mitosis
, and differentiation of natural killer cells, oligodendrocyte
s and keratinocyte
s.
with:
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions....
oncogene
Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels.An oncogene is a gene found in the chromosomes of tumor cells whose activation is associated with the initial and continuing conversion of normal cells into cancer...
family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein
FYB
FYN binding protein , also known as FYB, ADAP , and SLAP-130 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FYB gene....
. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist.
Function
Fyn is a protein, present in the signaling pathway of integrinIntegrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....
s, which activates ras. Fyn is a tyrosine specific phospho-transferase that is a member of the Src family of tyrosine protein kinases. Fyn is primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it phosphorylates tyrosine residues on key targets involved in a variety of different signaling pathways. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the target protein that recruits other signaling molecules.
Role in signaling pathways
At least three tools have been useful in discerning a requirement for Fyn function in a particular signaling system:- cells derived from Fyn-/- mice (as well as cells derived from Fyn, SrcSrc (gene)Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRC gene.Src is a proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase originally discovered by J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus, for which they won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It belongs to a...
, YesYES1Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Yes is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the YES1 gene.-Interactions:YES1 has been shown to interact with Janus kinase 2, CTNND1, RPL10 and Occludin.-Further reading:...
, Fyn triple knockout mice (SYF)); - a kinase-inactive, dominant negative mutant form of Fyn (K299M);
- pharmacologic inhibitors of Src family kinases, such as PP2PP2 (kinase inhibitor)PP2 is a substance used in cancer research as a selective inhibitor for Src-family kinases. It strongly inhibits the kinases Lck , Fyn and Hck , shows weaker inhibition of EGFR and practically no inhibition of ZAP-70 and JAK2 ....
; note that PP2 also inhibits other tyrosine protein kinases such as AblAbl geneV-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene located on chromosome 9.- Function :...
, PDGFRPlatelet-derived growth factor receptorPlatelet-derived growth factor receptors are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including...
and c-KitCD117Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIT gene...
.
Using these tools, a requirement for Fyn has been shown for the following signaling pathways: T
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells , by the presence of a T cell receptor on the cell surface. They are...
and B cell
B cell
B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction...
receptor signaling, integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....
-mediated signaling, growth factor
Growth factor receptor
A growth factor receptor is a receptor which binds to growth factor.These receptors may use the JAK/STAT, MAP kinase, and PI3 kinase pathways....
and cytokine receptor
Cytokine receptor
Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind cytokines.In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been...
signaling, platelet activation
Platelet-activating factor
Platelet-activating factor, also known as a PAF, PAF-acether or AGEPC is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation and degranulation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis...
, ion channel
Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. They are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells...
function, cell adhesion
Cell adhesion
Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix or another cell using cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, integrins, and cadherins. Correct cellular adhesion is essential in maintaining multicellular structure...
, axon guidance
Axon guidance
Axon guidance is a subfield of neural development concerning the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets...
, fertilization, entry into mitosis
Mitosis
Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei. It is generally followed immediately by cytokinesis, which divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two cells containing roughly...
, and differentiation of natural killer cells, oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocytes , or oligodendroglia , are a type of brain cell. They are a variety of neuroglia. Their main function is the insulation of axons in the central nervous system of some vertebrates...
s and keratinocyte
Keratinocyte
Keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the human skin, constituting 95% of the cells found there. Those keratinocytes found in the basal layer of the skin are sometimes referred to as "basal cells" or "basal keratinocytes"...
s.
Interactions
FYN has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with:
- ADD2ADD2Beta-adducin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADD2 gene.-Further reading:...
- Alpha-tubulin 3CAlpha-tubulin 3CTubulin alpha-3C/D chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA3C gene.-Interactions:Alpha-tubulin 3C has been shown to interact with FYN and NMI.-Further reading:...
, - BCAR1BCAR1Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAR1 gene.-External links:* Info with links in the...
- Cbl geneCbl geneCbl is a mammalian gene encoding several proteins including E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination...
- CBLCCBLCSignal transduction protein CBL-C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBLC gene.-Interactions:CBLC has been shown to interact with FYN and Epidermal growth factor receptor.-Further reading:...
- CD36CD36CD36 is an integral membrane protein found on the surface of many cell types in vertebrate animals and is also known as FAT, SCARB3, GP88, glycoprotein IV and glycoprotein IIIb . CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins...
- CD44CD44The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. In humans, the CD44 antigen is encoded by the CD44 gene.- Tissue distribution and isoforms :...
- CDH1CDH1 (gene)Cadherin-1 also known as CAM 120/80 or epithelial cadherin or uvomorulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH1 gene. CDH1 has also been designated as CD324 . It is a tumor suppressor gene.- Function :Cadherin-1 is a classical member of the cadherin superfamily...
- CHRNA7CHRNA7Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA7 gene.-See also:* Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor* Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor* Acetylcholine receptor...
- Colony stimulating factor 1 receptorColony stimulating factor 1 receptorColony stimulating factor 1 receptor , also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor , and CD115 , is a cell-surface protein encoded, in humans, by the CSF1R gene...
- C-RafC-RafRAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RAF1 gene. The c-Raf protein functions in the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway as part of a protein kinase cascade...
- CTNND1CTNND1Catenin delta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNND1 gene.-Interactions:CTNND1 has been shown to interact with Beta-catenin, FYN, Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1, PTPN6, YES1, PTPRJ, VE-cadherin, MUC1, CDH1, CDH2, PTPRM, Cortactin, Nephrin, ZBTB33 and PSEN1.-Further reading:...
- DLG4DLG4PSD-95 also known as SAP-90 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLG4 gene....
- DystroglycanDystroglycanDystroglycan is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAG1 gene.Dystroglycan is one of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, which is encoded by a 5.5 kb transcript in Homo sapiens by chromosome 3. There are two exons that are separated by a large intron...
- EPHA8EPHA8Ephrin type-A receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA8 gene.-Further reading:...
- Fas ligandFAS ligandFas ligand is a type-II transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. Its binding with its receptor induces apoptosis. Fas ligand/receptor interactions play an important role in the regulation of the immune system and the progression of cancer.- Structure :Fas ligand or...
- FYBFYBFYN binding protein , also known as FYB, ADAP , and SLAP-130 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FYB gene....
- GNB2L1GNB2L1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2L1 gene.-Interactions:GNB2L1 has been shown to interact with PDE4D, STAT1, Tyrosine kinase 2, Src, Androgen receptor, AGTRAP, Janus kinase 1, FYN, Cyclin A1, IFNAR2, PRKCE, P73, RAS p21...
- GRIN2AGRIN2AGlutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2A gene.-Interactions:GRIN2A has been shown to interact with FYN, DLG4, DLG3, DLG1, Src, PTK2B and Interleukin 16.-Further reading:...
- ITKITK (gene)IL2-inducible T-cell kinase, also known as ITK, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITK gene.- Function :This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells...
- Janus kinase 2Janus kinase 2Janus kinase 2 is a human protein that has been implicated in signaling by members of the type II cytokine receptor family , the GM-CSF receptor family , the gp130 receptor family , and the single chain receptors...
, - KHDRBS1KHDRBS1KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KHDRBS1 gene.-Further reading:...
- NephrinNephrinNephrin is a protein necessary for the proper functioning of the renal filtration barrier. The renal filtration barrier consists of fenestrated endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the podocytes of epithelial cells...
- PAG1PAG1Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAG1 gene.-Interactions:...
- PIK3R2PIK3R2Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3R2 gene.-Interactions:PIK3R2 has been shown to interact with FYN, HER2/neu, Epidermal growth factor, Cbl gene, PIK3CD, CRKL and Macrophage colony-stimulating factor.-Further reading:...
- PRKCQPRKCQProtein kinase C theta type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCQ gene.-Interactions:PRKCQ has been shown to interact with FYN, GLRX3, AKT1 and VAV1.PRKCQ has been shown to phosphorylate CARD11 as part of the NF-κB signaling pathway....
- Protein unc-119 homologProtein unc-119 homologProtein unc-119 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC119 gene.-Interactions:Protein unc-119 homolog has been shown to interact with Lck, ARL3, ARL2, LYN, Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit, CD247, CD4 and FYN....
- PTK2PTK2PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 , also known as Focal Adhesion Kinase , is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion and spreading processes...
- PTK2BPTK2BProtein tyrosine kinase 2 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTK2B gene.-Protein:-Interactions:PTK2B has been shown to interact with PTPN11, PTPN6, PITPNM1, Gelsolin, Src, GRIN2A, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1, RB1CC1, TGFB1I1, NPHP1, BCAR1, FYN, DLG4, DLG3, DDEF2, Cbl gene, RAS...
- RICSRICS (gene)Rho GTPase-activating protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RICS gene. RICS has two known isoforms, RICS that are expressed primarily at neurite growth cones, and at the post synaptic membranes, and PX-RICS which is more widely expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi...
- SH2D1ASH2D1ASH2 domain-containing protein 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH2D1A gene.It is associated with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.-Interactions:SH2D1A has been shown to interact with FYN, SLAMF1, CD84, LY9 and DOK1....
- SKAP1SKAP1Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 1 is an adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the SKAP1 gene.The demonstration that SKAP1 regulates LFA-1 adhesion was made by retroviral infection and by the SKAP1 deficient mouse...
- SykSykSpleen tyrosine kinase, also known as Syk, is an enyzme which in humans is encoded by the SYK gene.- Function :SYK, along with Zap-70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases...
- Tau proteinTau proteinTau proteins are proteins that stabilize microtubules. They are abundant in neurons of the central nervous system and are less common elsewhere, but are also expressed at very low levels in CNS astrocytes and oligodendrocytes...
- TNK2TNK2Activated CDC42 kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TNK2 gene.-Interactions:TNK2 has been shown to interact with FYN and Grb2.-Further reading:...
, - TrkBTrkBTrkB receptor also known as TrkB tyrosine kinase or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.-Function:...
- TRPC6TRPC6Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6, also known as TRPC6, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name. TRPC6 is a transient receptor potential ion channel...
- Tyrosine kinase 2Tyrosine kinase 2Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene.Tyk2 was the first member of the JAK family that was described...
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteinWiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteinThe Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein is a 502-amino acid protein that is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. In the inactive state, WASp exists in an auto-inhibited conformation with sequences near its C-terminus binding to a region near its N-terminus...
- ZAP-70ZAP-70ZAP-70 is an abbreviation for Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 . The protein is a member in the protein-tyrosine kinase family...