Fan Changjiang
Encyclopedia
Fan Changjiang (1909~Oct 1970), originally named Fan Xitian (Trad.: 范希天, Simp.: 范希天), was a famous journalist
, reporter and author in China
. Fan was born in Sichuan
Province (四川省) and educated at Peking University
(北京大學). Fan committed suicide in Henan
Province at the age of 61.
(CPC), the activities of Red Army
and the Long March
. Besides that, Fan Changjiang showed his determination and strong animosity towards feudalism
warlords, rich landowners and bad scholars in this book. Meanwhile, he concerned with the development of China’s future and also sympathized those who suffered from the political turmoil.
In 1936, when the political scene became chaotic and the first Chinese civil war
(1928-1937) started, he went to the Inner Mongolia
(內蒙古) for observation. In December, when the famous Xi'an Incident
(西安事變) broke out, Fan grasped the opportunity to interview Zhou Enlai
(周恩來) at the risk of life. Zhou was amazed by his studies and analyses when he read his journals.
Later on, he went to Shaanxi
province(陝西省) Yan'an
(延安) to have a personal conversation with Mao Zedong
(毛澤東) It paved the way for Fan's future career as a journalist. When he returned to Shanghai
(上海), he published his viewpoints on the anti-Japanese movement and it was generally accepted by the mass. At that time, he was the first journalist who reported the red terror in China.
On November 8, 1937, Fan established the Chinese Young Journalists Association (中國青年記者協會) with Yang Zao(羊棗) and Xu Maijin(徐邁進) and was elected as the chief executive officer of the association. In the same year, he cofound the International News Association (國際新聞社) with Hu Yuzhi(胡愈之) in Changsha(長沙).
In 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China and was one of the people who established Hua Shang Daily 《華商報》in Hong Kong
. He also took up the posts of the principal of Huangzhong Journalism College (華中新聞專科學校), chairman of Huangzhong Branch of New China News Agency (新華社華中總分社) and Huangzhong Post of Xinhua Daily 《新華日報》（華中報).
In July 1949, he established the All-China Journalists Association
(中華全國新聞工作者協會) with Hu Qiamu(胡喬木) and many other famous journalists. He was the chief editor of New China News Agency 《新華社》, chairman of Jie Fang Daily《解放日報》and Ren Min Daily《人民日報》.
In 1991, Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards (範長江新聞獎) was established by the Chinese Journalists Association Committee in order to encourage young journalists in China.
class and supported communism
.
of the Chinese Journalists Association Committee, Fan focused on the overall development of journalism in China. He once said, "A telegraph, a letter or a news article influence the attitude of the readers towards the war. It influences the feeling of soldiers in the frontier and the morale
of workers at the back." Fan emphasized that journalism played an extremely important role during war
. He requested all the journalists to have respectable personality, important sense of responsibility and outstanding quality in news reporting. Fan also pointed out the importance of strengthening self-education as well as the promotion of noble-quality with combinations of present political, social
and journalistic environment for young journalists.
, he was employed by Da Gong Bao as a reporter. At that period of time, he wrote a lot of articles such as
On 7 July in 1937,Lugouqiao Incident
(廬溝橋事變)(Marco Polo Bridge Incident
) broke out. Fan went there to investigate the event. He went to Lugouqiao, Cheng Xin Dian, etc. Fan wrote plenty of Battlefield communications including
After China Young Journalists Association was founded, Fan went to Jin Pu Lu (津浦路), where the Second Sino-Japanese War
was the most fiercest, to report the event. He wrote a lot of communications to reveal the war situation and front tactical situation in Tai Er Zhuang(台兒莊). Those communications were compiled and printed as "Hsuchou Breaks through"(徐州突圍).
in 1937. The aim of this association was to unite all journalists at that time and to spread the message of protecting China against the Japan
ese. This association later became All-China Journalists Association
(中華全國新聞工作者協會). The day of its establishment, November 8, has been proclaimed by the Central government and the Communist Party of China as "Journalists' festival"(記者節) since 2000. This day serves as a reminder to Chinese people of the devotion and dedication of the former journalists.
Six principles were set for China Young Journalists Association members. They are:
Fang Changjiang wrote an article called ‘How to be a journalist ’(怎麼做新聞記者) in 1940. There are 3 major themes about what a journalist should be. First of all, a journalist should have his/her own political standpoint. Secondly, one should have moral principle and fight for the truth
. Finally, journalist should keep seeking knowledge. A journalist should not only to be proficiency in one foreign language
, but also have knowledge of typing, photography, driving, equitation
and others.
. It had a legal news gathering and the right of reporting to release the news and reviews of the Sino-Japanese War to the newspaper publishers in mainland China and the rest of the world, especially the news of the Communist Party of China, the Eighth Route Army
(八路軍) and New 4th army (Xin si jun, 新四軍).
(ACJA) (中華全國新聞工作者協會)in 1988. This is a prize for middle-aged and young journalists. It is named after Fan for his bold and objective coverage of the Chinese Revolution led by the Communist Party of China
against the Kuomintang regime. The award started in 1991. Since 2000, the award is issued by the ACJA every two years (with the other two awards simultaneously). In the first three Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards, 10 reporters would receive the award and 30 reporters would receive the nominated award each time. But the nominated awards were cancelled starting from the fourth Awards. The nominee should age below 50 and work in the field of formal journals, public newspapers, national press agency, authorized radio stations, television stations and other news agency, with a minimum of 10-years successive reporter experience. And the nominee have.
The judging critiria of the awards are:
was a turning point in Chinese political history
. At that time, Fan's journey to Xi'an
and Yan'an
as a reporter had changed his political standpoint from a patriotic journalist
to a communist who fought for the proletarian class
. Fan was the first journalist to enter Yan'an from Baiqui. The release of his book The Journey to Shanbei(陝北之行) facilitated the understanding of Chinese citizens from different classes about the Communist party
and Red Army. It also spread out the idea of unity of the nation against Japan
. It was the first time Fan got direct contact with the party and his mind got changed after talking to Mao Zedong
overnight. Later, Mao even wrote two letters to Fan answering his questions concerning the topic about the unity of the nation against Japan. Mao also affirmed Fan's news article on Xiabei. Sai Shang Xing is a book and a record of Fan's change of his mind.
and nationalist-communist confrontation(1927-1936), which had great effects on political and military aspects. Fan Changjiang, as a reporter, headed to Xian in order to unveil the situation to the public. He said, 'I determined to go to Xian to unveil the truth of China's politics at all costs.' He gained the insight into the current affairs. Fan went there alone to find out the mysteries of Xi'an Incident.
Fan was finally permitted to interview the first premier of China
, Zhou Enlai
on February 4, 1937. Zhou told him all the details about Xi'an Incident, such as the reasons of the incident, the ideas of the Communist party
and the important issues about defensing the country against Japan
. All these information had made Fan's articles even more accurate and in-depth.
Later, with the permission of Zhou Enlai, he went to Yan'an
with great welcome for further details or even investigation. In Yan'an, he visited the
" Red Army University"(紅軍大學) and interviewed some senior and important officers in the Communist party of China (for example, Lin Biao
(林彪), Liao Chengzhi (廖承志) and Zhu De
(朱德), especially the first chairman of People's Republic of China
, Mao Zedong
(毛澤東)on February 9.
Fan told Mao that he wanted to stay in Shaanbei (陝北); in order to get more information about Communist Party of China, so that he could write a few book on them to propagate the party. However, Mao pointed out that the most important thing was to utilize the important position of Da Gong Bao in the public to propagate the ideas and policies of Communist Party of China, so the co-operation between the Communist party and Kuomintang
could be facilitated. As a result, Fan returned to Shanghai
.
With the details and information, he wrote a news article, called "The Turmoil in North Western Part"(《動盪中之西北大局》)and posed on Da Gong Bao on February 16.This article finally shocked the public and embarrassed Jiang Jieshi (蔣介石), the leader of Nationalist Government by unveiling the truth in Xian. Mao
was glad after reading his article and even wrote a letter to Fan to appreciate his efforts.
Fan had written a lot of exclusive articles about Red Army March and Xi'an Incident, which acted as a forwarding power to the Chinese history. He was an initial reporter writing about the details of Red Army March in his two articles called Minshan Nanbei Chaofei Zhi Xianzshi 《岷山南北剿匪軍事之現勢》and Chenglan Jixing 《成蘭紀行》.
- February 4 – Fan met Zhou Enlai
in Xian
- February 9 – Fan met Mao Zedong
in Shanxi
- February 15 – Da Kung Bao 《大公報》 published Fan’s famous article: Dongdangzhong Zhi Xibei Daju 《動盪中之西北大局》
- November 8 – Fan established the Chinese Young Journalists Association (中國青年新聞記者協會) with his Colleagues.
• (1): Every student was obliged to join Kuomintang at that time.
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, reporter and author in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. Fan was born in Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
Province (四川省) and educated at Peking University
Peking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
(北京大學). Fan committed suicide in Henan
Henan
Henan , is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "豫" , named after Yuzhou , a Han Dynasty state that included parts of Henan...
Province at the age of 61.
Biography
Fan started his career as a journalist in 1933. He was sent to the northwest of China by Da Gong Bao (大公報) as a string correspondent in 1935. At that time, he editorialized a series of news which sensationalized the public. These pieces of news were later anthologized in a book called The North Western Part of China 《中國的西北角》. In this book, he described the Communist Party of ChinaCommunist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
(CPC), the activities of Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
and the Long March
Long March
The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south...
. Besides that, Fan Changjiang showed his determination and strong animosity towards feudalism
Feudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
warlords, rich landowners and bad scholars in this book. Meanwhile, he concerned with the development of China’s future and also sympathized those who suffered from the political turmoil.
In 1936, when the political scene became chaotic and the first Chinese civil war
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
(1928-1937) started, he went to the Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
(內蒙古) for observation. In December, when the famous Xi'an Incident
Xi'an Incident
The Xi'an Incident of December 1936 is an important episode of Chinese modern history, taking place in the city of Xi'an during the Chinese Civil War between the ruling Kuomintang and the rebel Chinese Communist Party and just before the Second Sino-Japanese War...
(西安事變) broke out, Fan grasped the opportunity to interview Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
(周恩來) at the risk of life. Zhou was amazed by his studies and analyses when he read his journals.
Later on, he went to Shaanxi
Shaanxi
' is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province...
province(陝西省) Yan'an
Yan'an
Yan'an , is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China, administering several counties, including Zhidan County , which served as the Chinese communist capital before the city of Yan'an proper took that role....
(延安) to have a personal conversation with Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
(毛澤東) It paved the way for Fan's future career as a journalist. When he returned to Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
(上海), he published his viewpoints on the anti-Japanese movement and it was generally accepted by the mass. At that time, he was the first journalist who reported the red terror in China.
On November 8, 1937, Fan established the Chinese Young Journalists Association (中國青年記者協會) with Yang Zao(羊棗) and Xu Maijin(徐邁進) and was elected as the chief executive officer of the association. In the same year, he cofound the International News Association (國際新聞社) with Hu Yuzhi(胡愈之) in Changsha(長沙).
In 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China and was one of the people who established Hua Shang Daily 《華商報》in Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
. He also took up the posts of the principal of Huangzhong Journalism College (華中新聞專科學校), chairman of Huangzhong Branch of New China News Agency (新華社華中總分社) and Huangzhong Post of Xinhua Daily 《新華日報》（華中報).
In July 1949, he established the All-China Journalists Association
All-China Journalists Association
All-China Journalists Association was established in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. It was organised by the Communist Party of China, but a part was also played by Fan Changjiang in July 1949....
(中華全國新聞工作者協會) with Hu Qiamu(胡喬木) and many other famous journalists. He was the chief editor of New China News Agency 《新華社》, chairman of Jie Fang Daily《解放日報》and Ren Min Daily《人民日報》.
In 1991, Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards (範長江新聞獎) was established by the Chinese Journalists Association Committee in order to encourage young journalists in China.
Fan's posts and his careers
Apart from being an award winning journalist, Fan was also considered a good leader by others. He had hold various official posts, such as:- the principal of Huangzhong Journalism College (華中新聞專科學校) in 1939
- chairman of Huangzhong Branch of New China News Agency (新華社華中分社) in 1939
- chairman of Huangzhong Post of Xinhua DailyXinhua DailyXinhua Daily was the first public newspaper published in the People's Republic of China by the Communist Party of China. It is owned by the Jiangsu Committee of the Communist Party of China.-History:...
《新華日報》（華中報）in 1939 - chief editor of New China News Agency (新華社) in 1949
- president of Jiefang Daily 《解放日報》and Renmin Daily 《人民日報》in 1949
- vice-chancellor of China Information Agency (新聞總署)
- vice-secretary of the State administrative council Committee of Culture and Education (政務院文化教育委員會副秘書長)
- second director of office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (國務院第二辦公室主任)
- vice minister in charge of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (國家科委副主任)
Ideology in newspaper aspect
In the book, "Communication and essay", Fan believed that newspaper was a political tool. It was the basic principle of journalism. A journalist should not fear to discuss politics, should not tend to avoid politics. More importantly, journalist should not violate era. In addition, Fan suggested that if there were correct politics to make instructions, the news work would be an important power to accelerate the advancement of the society.Obligation to tell the truth
Fan had a clear political and journalistic stand. When he was young, he was greatly influenced by the revolutionary movement and joined series of anti-imperialism movements. He was almost sent to death in the Chongqing Massacre. But this experience further strengthened his ideology which was to seek and report the truth. He believed that honesty should be the most important element of being a journalist.Loyalty to the party
Fan believed that journalist should support the reforms and determine to be loyal to the party (Communist Party of China). The public should not fear danger and harshness but have incentive to learn and think. He even became a communist journalist and joined Communist Party of China after he left Da Gong Bao. He was strongly against the capitalistCapitalism
Capitalism is an economic system that became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. There is no consensus on the precise definition nor on how the term should be used as a historical category...
class and supported communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
.
Loyalty to citizens
As described before, Fan wrote a series of articles disclosing the north-west rotten policy, the secret agreements and the hidden side of the red army. What he wanted to show to the people was the urgent need for revolution. He insisted that all his reports and articles should let the people know what was happening in their country.What is journalism to Fan Changjiang
Fan claimed that a reporter who intended to write excellent journal articles, one must get himself involved in the public. He thought that journalism was the fact of what people want to know and what people should know but had not known. Fan said "This is a thought which is not very across the board, but it does penetrate a spirit to serve the public. As a reporter or journalist, we should always learn to examine the problems and issues raised up by the public and citizens which means to learn what you report. We should also learn the technique of writing by being aware of the response of the public. If the article is not related to the public, there is always no response or voice. Public is considered as the source of journalism, so newspaper should always think of ways to let reporters and journalists get connected to it."Fan and journalism in China
As the presidentPresident
A president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of the Chinese Journalists Association Committee, Fan focused on the overall development of journalism in China. He once said, "A telegraph, a letter or a news article influence the attitude of the readers towards the war. It influences the feeling of soldiers in the frontier and the morale
Morale
Morale, also known as esprit de corps when discussing the morale of a group, is an intangible term used to describe the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others...
of workers at the back." Fan emphasized that journalism played an extremely important role during war
War
War is a state of organized, armed, and often prolonged conflict carried on between states, nations, or other parties typified by extreme aggression, social disruption, and usually high mortality. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political...
. He requested all the journalists to have respectable personality, important sense of responsibility and outstanding quality in news reporting. Fan also pointed out the importance of strengthening self-education as well as the promotion of noble-quality with combinations of present political, social
Social
The term social refers to a characteristic of living organisms...
and journalistic environment for young journalists.
Famous journals of Fan
After his journey to Xian and Yan'anYan'an
Yan'an , is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China, administering several counties, including Zhidan County , which served as the Chinese communist capital before the city of Yan'an proper took that role....
, he was employed by Da Gong Bao as a reporter. At that period of time, he wrote a lot of articles such as
- Cong Jia Gu Shuo Dao Shan Hai Guan ( From Jia Gu to Shan Hai Guan《從嘉峪說到山海關》 )
- Bai ling Miao Zhan Hou Hang (The War in Bai Ling Miao 《百靈廟戰後行》)
- Yi Xi Meng《憶西蒙》
On 7 July in 1937,Lugouqiao Incident
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident was a battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army, often used as the marker for the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War .The eleven-arch granite bridge, Lugouqiao, is an architecturally significant structure,...
(廬溝橋事變)(Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident was a battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army, often used as the marker for the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War .The eleven-arch granite bridge, Lugouqiao, is an architecturally significant structure,...
) broke out. Fan went there to investigate the event. He went to Lugouqiao, Cheng Xin Dian, etc. Fan wrote plenty of Battlefield communications including
- Beside the Lugouqiao《盧溝橋畔》
- Xi xian Feng Yun《西線風雲》
- Shiue Bo Ping Jin《血泊平津》
After China Young Journalists Association was founded, Fan went to Jin Pu Lu (津浦路), where the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
was the most fiercest, to report the event. He wrote a lot of communications to reveal the war situation and front tactical situation in Tai Er Zhuang(台兒莊). Those communications were compiled and printed as "Hsuchou Breaks through"(徐州突圍).
China Young Journalists Association 中國青年新聞記者協會
It was established by Fan and other journalists at ShanghaiShanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
in 1937. The aim of this association was to unite all journalists at that time and to spread the message of protecting China against the Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese. This association later became All-China Journalists Association
All-China Journalists Association
All-China Journalists Association was established in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. It was organised by the Communist Party of China, but a part was also played by Fan Changjiang in July 1949....
(中華全國新聞工作者協會). The day of its establishment, November 8, has been proclaimed by the Central government and the Communist Party of China as "Journalists' festival"(記者節) since 2000. This day serves as a reminder to Chinese people of the devotion and dedication of the former journalists.
Six principles were set for China Young Journalists Association members. They are:
- self-improvement
- self-perfection
- upholding consensus will
- promoting journalistic development
- protecting public benefits
- developing national spirit
Fang Changjiang wrote an article called ‘How to be a journalist ’(怎麼做新聞記者) in 1940. There are 3 major themes about what a journalist should be. First of all, a journalist should have his/her own political standpoint. Secondly, one should have moral principle and fight for the truth
Truth
Truth has a variety of meanings, such as the state of being in accord with fact or reality. It can also mean having fidelity to an original or to a standard or ideal. In a common usage, it also means constancy or sincerity in action or character...
. Finally, journalist should keep seeking knowledge. A journalist should not only to be proficiency in one foreign language
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
, but also have knowledge of typing, photography, driving, equitation
Equitation
Equitation is the art or practice of horse riding or horsemanship.More specifically, equitation may refer to a rider's position while mounted, and encompass a rider's ability to ride correctly and with effective aids. In horse show competition, the rider, rather than the horse is evaluated...
and others.
International News Association 國際新聞社
During the Sino-Japanese War, Fan Changjiang, Hu Yuzhi and other journalists founded the International News Association at Changsha in 1936. Fan was the president of this association at that time. It was a left-leaning press agency during the period that China was still under the ruling of KuomintangKuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
. It had a legal news gathering and the right of reporting to release the news and reviews of the Sino-Japanese War to the newspaper publishers in mainland China and the rest of the world, especially the news of the Communist Party of China, the Eighth Route Army
Eighth Route Army
The Eighth Route Army was the larger of the two major Chinese communist forces that formed a unit of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China which fought the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. In contrast to most of the National Revolutionary Army, it was controlled by the Communist...
(八路軍) and New 4th army (Xin si jun, 新四軍).
Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards 範長江新聞奬
Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards is one of the three national journalists awards (Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards, Taofen Journalism Awards and Top 100 Journalists) issued by the All-China Journalists AssociationAll-China Journalists Association
All-China Journalists Association was established in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. It was organised by the Communist Party of China, but a part was also played by Fan Changjiang in July 1949....
(ACJA) (中華全國新聞工作者協會)in 1988. This is a prize for middle-aged and young journalists. It is named after Fan for his bold and objective coverage of the Chinese Revolution led by the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
against the Kuomintang regime. The award started in 1991. Since 2000, the award is issued by the ACJA every two years (with the other two awards simultaneously). In the first three Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards, 10 reporters would receive the award and 30 reporters would receive the nominated award each time. But the nominated awards were cancelled starting from the fourth Awards. The nominee should age below 50 and work in the field of formal journals, public newspapers, national press agency, authorized radio stations, television stations and other news agency, with a minimum of 10-years successive reporter experience. And the nominee have.
The judging critiria of the awards are:
- insisting on the Deng XiaopingDeng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
(鄧小平) Thought, the thought of the Three RepresentsThree RepresentsThe Three Represents is a socio-political ideology credited to General Secretary Jiang Zemin which became a guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China at its Sixteenth Party Congress in 2002....
(The “Three Represents", namely that the Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people) and the line of the Communist Party of China; and - having outstanding performance in the field of journalism.
Fan and literature in China
Fan Changjiang is considered as one of the most prominent journalists in Chinese history. He had written a huge number of outstanding news articles and taken up a lot of leading positions in this field. His style of writing are considered as very modern, righteous and vivid."Sai Shang Xing" 《塞上行》
"Sai Shang Xing" (塞上行) is a book written by Fan Changjiang in 1937. Xi'an IncidentXi'an Incident
The Xi'an Incident of December 1936 is an important episode of Chinese modern history, taking place in the city of Xi'an during the Chinese Civil War between the ruling Kuomintang and the rebel Chinese Communist Party and just before the Second Sino-Japanese War...
was a turning point in Chinese political history
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
. At that time, Fan's journey to Xi'an
Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
and Yan'an
Yan'an
Yan'an , is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China, administering several counties, including Zhidan County , which served as the Chinese communist capital before the city of Yan'an proper took that role....
as a reporter had changed his political standpoint from a patriotic journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
to a communist who fought for the proletarian class
Social class
Social classes are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society. Class is an essential object of analysis for sociologists, political scientists, economists, anthropologists and social historians. In the social sciences, social class is often discussed in terms of 'social stratification'...
. Fan was the first journalist to enter Yan'an from Baiqui. The release of his book The Journey to Shanbei(陝北之行) facilitated the understanding of Chinese citizens from different classes about the Communist party
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
and Red Army. It also spread out the idea of unity of the nation against Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. It was the first time Fan got direct contact with the party and his mind got changed after talking to Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
overnight. Later, Mao even wrote two letters to Fan answering his questions concerning the topic about the unity of the nation against Japan. Mao also affirmed Fan's news article on Xiabei. Sai Shang Xing is a book and a record of Fan's change of his mind.
"The North Western Part of China" 《中國的西北角》
This book was highly honorable. Although seven editions were printed, it was still in short supply. This book revealed the rotten policy in the north-west side. It also showed the hidden side of the red army and exposed all the secret agreements made among the leaders at that time. Fan definitely told people the truth. He wasn't afraid of the pressures from the government and reported it in the book to express his concerns on the country. Hu Yuzhi commented that “it is an excellent work which shocks all the Chinese.”"Communication and Essay" 《通訊與論文》
In this book, Fan descripted the use of communications and essays clearly which not only gave a format and spirit to the youth journalists for reporting, but also for the writers have the sense of persuasive communication."Collection of Fan Changjiang's News Articles" 《範長江新聞文集》
"Collection of Fan Changjiang's NewsArticle" was published in 1989. It contains some parts of the news articles written by Fan without editing. It focuses and respects on the original face of those records, just like Fan said in the preface that "Journalists must respect history, must respect the reality".Fan and the Xi'an Incident in China
On December 12 in 1936, Xi'an Incident broke out in China during the invasion of JapanJapan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
and nationalist-communist confrontation(1927-1936), which had great effects on political and military aspects. Fan Changjiang, as a reporter, headed to Xian in order to unveil the situation to the public. He said, 'I determined to go to Xian to unveil the truth of China's politics at all costs.' He gained the insight into the current affairs. Fan went there alone to find out the mysteries of Xi'an Incident.
Fan was finally permitted to interview the first premier of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
on February 4, 1937. Zhou told him all the details about Xi'an Incident, such as the reasons of the incident, the ideas of the Communist party
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
and the important issues about defensing the country against Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. All these information had made Fan's articles even more accurate and in-depth.
Later, with the permission of Zhou Enlai, he went to Yan'an
Yan'an
Yan'an , is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province in China, administering several counties, including Zhidan County , which served as the Chinese communist capital before the city of Yan'an proper took that role....
with great welcome for further details or even investigation. In Yan'an, he visited the
" Red Army University"(紅軍大學) and interviewed some senior and important officers in the Communist party of China (for example, Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
(林彪), Liao Chengzhi (廖承志) and Zhu De
Zhu De
Zhu De was a Chinese militarist, politician, revolutionary, and one of the pioneers of the Chinese Communist Party. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1955 Zhu became one of the Ten Marshals of the People's Liberation Army, of which he is regarded as the founder.-Early...
(朱德), especially the first chairman of People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
(毛澤東)on February 9.
Fan told Mao that he wanted to stay in Shaanbei (陝北); in order to get more information about Communist Party of China, so that he could write a few book on them to propagate the party. However, Mao pointed out that the most important thing was to utilize the important position of Da Gong Bao in the public to propagate the ideas and policies of Communist Party of China, so the co-operation between the Communist party and Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
could be facilitated. As a result, Fan returned to Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
.
With the details and information, he wrote a news article, called "The Turmoil in North Western Part"(《動盪中之西北大局》)and posed on Da Gong Bao on February 16.This article finally shocked the public and embarrassed Jiang Jieshi (蔣介石), the leader of Nationalist Government by unveiling the truth in Xian. Mao
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
was glad after reading his article and even wrote a letter to Fan to appreciate his efforts.
Fan had written a lot of exclusive articles about Red Army March and Xi'an Incident, which acted as a forwarding power to the Chinese history. He was an initial reporter writing about the details of Red Army March in his two articles called Minshan Nanbei Chaofei Zhi Xianzshi 《岷山南北剿匪軍事之現勢》and Chenglan Jixing 《成蘭紀行》.
Timeline
- 1909 October 6 – Fan was born in SichuanSichuan' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
province. - 1927 August 1 – Fan participated in the Nanchang UprisingNanchang UprisingThe Nanchang Uprising was the first major Kuomintang-Communist engagement of the Chinese Civil War, in order to counter the anti-communist purges by the Nationalist Party of China....
(南昌 起義). - 1928 spring – Fan entered the Nanjing Central Party Affair School(南京中央黨務學校) which later called Central School of Politics (中央政治學校)--(1)
- 1931 September – Fan quit the school as it suppressed Fan’s effort to lead the students to fight against JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
’s invasion, after the Mukden IncidentMukden IncidentThe Mukden Incident, also known as the Manchurian Incident, was a staged event that was engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931....
(柳條湖事件)on September 18. He also quit KuomintangKuomintangThe Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
. - 1932 – Fan started studying philosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
in Peking UniversityPeking UniversityPeking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
(北京大學). - 1933 – He started writing articles in several newspapers, such as Chen Bao (《晨報》)in BeijingBeijingBeijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
,Shi Jie Ri Bao (《世界日報》)and Yi Shi Bao (《益世報》)in TianjinTianjin' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
. - 1934 – Fan was hired by TianjinTianjin' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
's Da Gong Bao. - 1935 May – Fan, as a commissioner of Da Gong Bao, visited the northwest part of China for 10 months. He wrote a series of articles and later were collected and published in The North Western Part of China.
- 1937 – Fan went to Xi'anXi'anXi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
in early February in an attempt to unveil the situation there after the Xian incident.The articles were later collected in The Journey to Shanbei《陝北之行》.
- February 4 – Fan met Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
in Xian
- February 9 – Fan met Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
in Shanxi
Shanxi
' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
- February 15 – Da Kung Bao 《大公報》 published Fan’s famous article: Dongdangzhong Zhi Xibei Daju 《動盪中之西北大局》
- November 8 – Fan established the Chinese Young Journalists Association (中國青年新聞記者協會) with his Colleagues.
- 1938 March 30 – Chinese Young Journalists Association (中國青年新聞記者協會) was renamed as Chinese Young Journalists Society (中國青年新聞記者學會) and Fan was appointed as the society representative.
- 1939 May – Fan joined the Communist party. and cofound the Huashang Daily 《華商報》 in Hong KongHong KongHong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
. His posts included the principal of Huangzhong Journalism College (華中新聞專學校), chairman of Huangzhong Branch of New China News Agency (新華社華中分社) and Huangzhong Post of Xinhua Daily 《新華日報》（華中報). - 1940 December 8 – Fan married Shen Junru’s daughter, Shen Pu in Chongqing.
- 1949 July – Establishment of the All-China Journalists AssociationAll-China Journalists AssociationAll-China Journalists Association was established in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. It was organised by the Communist Party of China, but a part was also played by Fan Changjiang in July 1949....
. - 1967 – Fan was forced to solitary confinement since the Cultural RevolutionCultural RevolutionThe Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
started. - 1970 October 23 – Fan committed suicide by jumping into a well in HenanHenanHenan , is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "豫" , named after Yuzhou , a Han Dynasty state that included parts of Henan...
Province when he was 61 years old. - 1978 December 27 – Fan was redressed by the Central Government.
- 1991 – Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards was set up by the Chinese Journalists Association Committee and served as an encouragement of the young journalists in China.
• (1): Every student was obliged to join Kuomintang at that time.
External links
- Fan Changjiang's biography (in traditional Chinese)
- The Youth Of Fan Changjiang (in traditional Chinese)
- Fan Changjiang's 31st Death Anniversary (in traditional Chinese)
- Fan Changjiang's tragedy (in traditional Chinese)
- Introduction To Fan Changjiang Journalism Awards (in traditional Chinese)
- Deng Xiaoping Thought
- http://www.china-media.com.cn/index1.aspAll-China Journalists AssociationAll-China Journalists AssociationAll-China Journalists Association was established in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. It was organised by the Communist Party of China, but a part was also played by Fan Changjiang in July 1949....
]