Farshid Moussavi
Encyclopedia
Farshid Moussavi is an architect, founder of Farshid Moussavi Architecture (FMA) and Professor in Practice in Practice of Architecture at Harvard University Graduate School of Design. She was co-founder and co-principal of Foreign Office Architects
(FOA) until June 2011.
and graduated with a Masters in Architecture (MArch II) from the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University. Moussavi first came to prominence with FOA, the practice she co-founded in 1995. Previously she had worked at the Renzo Piano
Building Workshop and the Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) before moving back to London to teach at the Architectural Association and start her own practice, Foreign Office Architects (FOA). At FOA, Moussavi co-authored the design for the award-winning Yokohama International Ferry Terminal
in Japan (which was subject to an international design competition in 1995) and was part of the United Architects team who were finalists in the Ground Zero competition. She also completed a wide range of international projects including the John Lewis complex in Leicester, England and the Meydan retail complex in Istanbul, Turkey.
Farshid Moussavi has served on numerous design committees including the Mayor of London’s Design for London Advisory Group and LDA International Design Committee, the RIBA Gold and Presidents Medals, the Stirling Prize
and the Venice Architecture Biennale. In 2004, she was Chair of the Master Jury of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture
and has been a member of the Award’s Steering Committee since then. A fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, Moussavi is also a trustee of the Whitechapel Gallery
and Architecture Foundation in London.
in Rotterdam, the Hoger Architectuur Instituut Sint-Lucas in Gent, and in the USA, at UCLA, Columbia University and Princeton University.
Moussavi’s research, which began while teaching at the Architectural Association in the early nineties, has aimed to identify the instruments that allow architectural design to embed built forms with intelligence and creative possibilities. Instead of importing external theoretical models, from other fields Moussavi has focused on those that are specifically architectural, exploring the potentials of the diagram, information technology, landscape, iconography, new construction technologies, blank envelopes and tessellation as tools that could be used to develop alternative theoretical models for the practice of architecture.
Since 2004, Moussavi’s research has focused predominantly on how architecture involves the intellectual assembly of matter, providing each built form with inherent affects and sensations. Her work in aesthetics is influenced by a range of philosophers, notably Spinoza, Gilles Deleuze
and Felix Guattari
. Following from Gilles Deleuze’s work on affect, she proposes that built forms’ affects play a critical role in the daily experiences of individuals and the cultures which develop from them. Like active forces, they affect patterns of thinking and behaving. Moussavi argues that, in order for culture to evolve, architects need to produce novel affects. It is not what built forms represent but how they function affectively that makes architecture a critical cultural practice.
Moussavi has published two books, "The Function of Ornament" and "The Function of Form" in conjunction with her teaching at Harvard, both of which investigate the role affect in contemporary architecture.
Redefined as such, ornament is integral to each built form and can engage a variety of depths depending on the way in which the architect assembles the form’s particular set of concerns or materials. Ornament may perform through the entire form of a building, the depth of its external envelope or the superficial face of its external envelope in the form of colour, texture or pattern.
Rather than functioning through symbol and meaning, this notion of ornament functions by transmitting novel affects and sensations. The non-representational nature of these affects allows built forms to be perceived differently by different individuals, generating in them different types of affections such as moods, feelings, meanings, or thoughts. Unlike symbolic definitions of ornament, which are rooted in a homogeneous concept of society, Moussavi’s definition of ornament argues that in a contemporary plural society – which lacks a common cultural memory – built forms can connect with different individuals in different ways through their affects, thereby producing different subjectivities. This allows the built environment, like movies, music and art, to be imagined as a social fabric and thus highlights a contemporary cultural role for ornament.
in order to nurture multiplicity within culture.
Fundamental to Moussavi’s proposal is that, due to the speed at which technology, the environment and culture are changing, the rate of change in contemporary architecture has shifted from a process of overhaul and replacement to a mode of continuous and incremental change. This rapid rate of change is the consequence of multiple intersecting causes which are rooted in human (social, subjective, sensorial) as well as nonhuman (natural, objective, technical) spheres. In order to be compatible with these mutant and diverse values, architecture cannot be limited to the representation of a-priori concepts or singular causes and must evolve through constantly producing, enriching and reinventing its environment.
Moussavi posits that, by working with affect, architecture achieves this capacity to evolve and reinvent the environment. She revisits the relationship between function and form and proposes that – rather than being read simply as the outcome of epochal movements – the history of form contains a continuous thread in which historical ideas have been evolved and transformed to produce novel forms. By decomposing forms into their affects, The Function of Form shows how physical structures which used to be synonymous with specific concepts can be freed from their attendant cultural and other significances. Particularised and differentiated in this way, these physical structures become mutable and can be re-appropriated and transformed without prejudice, to produce singular affects. These affects are processed by individuals into different types of subjectivity which encourage the environment to evolve as a multiplicity.
Foreign Office Architects
Foreign Office Architects, FOA, was an internationally acclaimed architectural design studio headed by former husband and wife team Farshid Moussavi and Alejandro Zaera-Polo. The London based studio, which was established in 1993, specialised in architectural design, master planning and interior...
(FOA) until June 2011.
Early career
Moussavi was born in 1965 in Iran and immigrated to London in 1979. She trained in architecture at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College LondonUniversity College London
University College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and the oldest and largest constituent college of the federal University of London...
and graduated with a Masters in Architecture (MArch II) from the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University. Moussavi first came to prominence with FOA, the practice she co-founded in 1995. Previously she had worked at the Renzo Piano
Renzo Piano
Renzo Piano is an Italian architect. He is the recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, AIA Gold Medal, Kyoto Prize and the Sonning Prize...
Building Workshop and the Office of Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) before moving back to London to teach at the Architectural Association and start her own practice, Foreign Office Architects (FOA). At FOA, Moussavi co-authored the design for the award-winning Yokohama International Ferry Terminal
Osanbashi Pier
is the main international pier at the Port of Yokohama, located in Naka Ward, Yokohama, Japan. Ōsanbashi is the oldest pier in Yokohama, originally constructed between 1889 and 1896.To meet modern demands, Ōsanbashi was reconstructed between 1987 and 2002...
in Japan (which was subject to an international design competition in 1995) and was part of the United Architects team who were finalists in the Ground Zero competition. She also completed a wide range of international projects including the John Lewis complex in Leicester, England and the Meydan retail complex in Istanbul, Turkey.
Later career
In June 2011, Farshid Moussavi announced the opening of her new practice, Farshid Moussavi Architecture (FMA). FMA is currently working on number of prestigious international projects including the Museum of Contemporary Art in Cleveland, USA and a Quran Museum in Tehran. Farshid Moussavi Architecture is based in London.Farshid Moussavi has served on numerous design committees including the Mayor of London’s Design for London Advisory Group and LDA International Design Committee, the RIBA Gold and Presidents Medals, the Stirling Prize
Stirling Prize
The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture. It is named after the architect James Stirling, organised and awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects...
and the Venice Architecture Biennale. In 2004, she was Chair of the Master Jury of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture
Aga Khan Award for Architecture
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing, community...
and has been a member of the Award’s Steering Committee since then. A fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, Moussavi is also a trustee of the Whitechapel Gallery
Whitechapel Gallery
The Whitechapel Gallery is a public art gallery on the north side of Whitechapel High Street, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Designed by Charles Harrison Townsend, it was founded in 1901 as one of the first publicly-funded galleries for temporary exhibitions in London, and it has a long...
and Architecture Foundation in London.
Farshid Moussavi Architecture
- Museum of Contemporary Art, Cleveland, Ohio (2006-)
- Quran Museum, Tehran (2010-)
Foreign Office Architects
- Osanbashi Yokohama International Passenger TerminalOsanbashi Pieris the main international pier at the Port of Yokohama, located in Naka Ward, Yokohama, Japan. Ōsanbashi is the oldest pier in Yokohama, originally constructed between 1889 and 1896.To meet modern demands, Ōsanbashi was reconstructed between 1987 and 2002...
, Japan (1995–2002) - Bluemoon Hotel, Groningen, the Netherlands (1999–2000)
- Police headquarters, La Villajoyosa (2000-3)
- Coastal park with outdoor auditoriums, Barcelona (2000-4)
- Headquarters for Dulnyouk Publishers, Paju (2000-5)
- Municipal Theatre, Torrevieja (2000-6)
- John LewisJohn Lewis (department store)-Recent developments:In June 2004, John Lewis announced plans to open its first store in Northern Ireland at the Sprucefield Park development, the province's largest out of town shopping centre, located outside Lisburn and from Belfast. The application was approved in June 2005 and the opening of...
department store and Cineplex and pedestrian bridges, Leicester (2000-8) - British Pavillion at the International Architectural Biennial, Venice (2002)
- Olympics 2012 & Lower Lea Valley Regeneration Masterplan, London (2003)
- La Rioja Technology Transfer Centre, Logrono (2003-7)
- Trinity EC3 office complex, City of London (2003-)
- Spanish Pavilion at the 2005 International ExpoExpo 2005Expo 2005 was the World's Fair held for 185 days between Friday, March 25 and Sunday, September 25, 2005, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, east of the city of Nagoya. It was a Specialized International Exhibition under the scheme of the 1972 protocol of the Convention relating to International Exhibitions...
, Aichi (2004-5) - Social housing in Carabanchel, Madrid (2004-7)
- Villa in Pedralbes, Barcelona (2004-8)
- D-38 Office Complex, Barcelona (2004-10)
- Meydan Retail Complex and Multiplex, Istanbul (2005-7)
- Ravensbourne collegeRavensbourne College of Design and CommunicationRavensbourne is a university sector college innovating in digital media and design, with a vocationally focused portfolio of courses, spanning fashion, television and broadcasting, interactive product design, architecture and environment design, graphic design, animation, moving image, music...
on the Greenwich Peninsula, London (2005-10) - World Business Centre, Busan (2006-)
- KL Central Plot D Residential Towers, Kuala Lumpur (2006-)
- SevenstoneSevenstoneSevenstone is the marketing name of the project formerly known as the New Retail Quarter/NRQ which involves the demolition and rebuilding of an area of Sheffield, England between the Devonshire Quarter and The Moor Gateway. Sheffield City Centre has suffered from the collapse of steel making and...
Quarter mixed-use complex, Sheffield (2007-) - Euston Station, London (2008-)
- Mixed-use extension of West Quay II retail centre, Southampton (2008-)
- New Street Station, Birmingham (2008 -)
Selected awards
- Enric Miralles Prize for Architecture (2003)
- Kanagawa Prize for Architecture in Japan (2003)
- RIBA International Award (2004)
- Lion Award for Topography at the 9th Venice Architecture BiennaleVenice Biennale of architectureMostra di Architettura di Venezia, the Architecture section of the Venice Biennale, was established in 1980, although architecture had been a part of the art biennale since 1968....
(2004) - Charles Jencks Award for Architecture (2005)
- RIBA International AwardRIBA International AwardRIBA International Awards are part of an awards program operated by the Royal Institute of British Architects, also encompassing the Stirling Prize and the European Award.The RIBA International Award rewards "the excellent work being done by RIBA members around the world"...
(2005) - RIBA International Award (2006)
- RIBA European AwardRIBA European AwardRIBA European Awards are part of an award program by the Royal Institute of British Architects. Complemented by the RIBA National and International Awards, it rewards "the excellent work being done by RIBA members in the European Union outside the UK". Awarded annually, it is given to a varying...
(2008) - European Business Award for the Environment (2008)
- Urban Land Institute Award for Excellence (2008)
- RIBA Award (2009)
- Civic Trust Award (2010)
- International Council of Shopping Centres Award (2010)
- International Architecture Award (2010)
Research
Alongside her professional practice, Moussavi has held a longstanding commitment to research across the academic and professional field of architecture. Since 2005, she has been Professor in Practice at Harvard University Graduate School of Design. Previously, Moussavi taught at the Architectural Association in London for eight years (1993–2000) and was subsequently appointed and Head of the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna (2002–2005). She has been a visiting professor of architecture at the Berlage InstituteBerlage Institute
The Berlage Institute was founded in 1990 as an independent postgraduate school of architecture in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Named after the Dutch architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage, the Berlage has an international student population and teaching staff....
in Rotterdam, the Hoger Architectuur Instituut Sint-Lucas in Gent, and in the USA, at UCLA, Columbia University and Princeton University.
Moussavi’s research, which began while teaching at the Architectural Association in the early nineties, has aimed to identify the instruments that allow architectural design to embed built forms with intelligence and creative possibilities. Instead of importing external theoretical models, from other fields Moussavi has focused on those that are specifically architectural, exploring the potentials of the diagram, information technology, landscape, iconography, new construction technologies, blank envelopes and tessellation as tools that could be used to develop alternative theoretical models for the practice of architecture.
Since 2004, Moussavi’s research has focused predominantly on how architecture involves the intellectual assembly of matter, providing each built form with inherent affects and sensations. Her work in aesthetics is influenced by a range of philosophers, notably Spinoza, Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze , was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death, wrote influentially on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus , both co-written with Félix...
and Felix Guattari
Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari was a French militant, an institutional psychotherapist, philosopher, and semiotician; he founded both schizoanalysis and ecosophy...
. Following from Gilles Deleuze’s work on affect, she proposes that built forms’ affects play a critical role in the daily experiences of individuals and the cultures which develop from them. Like active forces, they affect patterns of thinking and behaving. Moussavi argues that, in order for culture to evolve, architects need to produce novel affects. It is not what built forms represent but how they function affectively that makes architecture a critical cultural practice.
Moussavi has published two books, "The Function of Ornament" and "The Function of Form" in conjunction with her teaching at Harvard, both of which investigate the role affect in contemporary architecture.
The Function of Ornament
In the Function of Ornament (2006), Moussavi proposes that ornament has always carried a function, and that function is aesthetic and cultural production. In this book, she argues against definitions of ornament as a being symbolic and functioning through the representation of something else rather than through its own actuality. She proposes that in order for built forms to contribute to how culture evolves, its ornament should not be seen as a set of superficial and decorative elements which are introduced to a building to associate it to an existing artistic and cultural realm, but should be conceptualized as the sum of those elements of any built form which define its inherent aesthetic and artistic contributions. Ornament is that which makes the actuality of one form distinct from another, a distinction which is the result of the architect’s activity rather than something imported from an ‘external’ artistic or cultural realm.Redefined as such, ornament is integral to each built form and can engage a variety of depths depending on the way in which the architect assembles the form’s particular set of concerns or materials. Ornament may perform through the entire form of a building, the depth of its external envelope or the superficial face of its external envelope in the form of colour, texture or pattern.
Rather than functioning through symbol and meaning, this notion of ornament functions by transmitting novel affects and sensations. The non-representational nature of these affects allows built forms to be perceived differently by different individuals, generating in them different types of affections such as moods, feelings, meanings, or thoughts. Unlike symbolic definitions of ornament, which are rooted in a homogeneous concept of society, Moussavi’s definition of ornament argues that in a contemporary plural society – which lacks a common cultural memory – built forms can connect with different individuals in different ways through their affects, thereby producing different subjectivities. This allows the built environment, like movies, music and art, to be imagined as a social fabric and thus highlights a contemporary cultural role for ornament.
The Function of Form
In The Function of Form (2009), Moussavi further explores non-representational forms. Where the ornament research proposed the function of ornament beyond the symbolic, her form research proposes a new theory of form away from the limitations of representation (symbolism), towards repetition and differentiationDifference and Repetition
Difference and Repetition is a book by philosopher Gilles Deleuze, originally published in 1968 in France under the title Différence et Répétition...
in order to nurture multiplicity within culture.
Fundamental to Moussavi’s proposal is that, due to the speed at which technology, the environment and culture are changing, the rate of change in contemporary architecture has shifted from a process of overhaul and replacement to a mode of continuous and incremental change. This rapid rate of change is the consequence of multiple intersecting causes which are rooted in human (social, subjective, sensorial) as well as nonhuman (natural, objective, technical) spheres. In order to be compatible with these mutant and diverse values, architecture cannot be limited to the representation of a-priori concepts or singular causes and must evolve through constantly producing, enriching and reinventing its environment.
Moussavi posits that, by working with affect, architecture achieves this capacity to evolve and reinvent the environment. She revisits the relationship between function and form and proposes that – rather than being read simply as the outcome of epochal movements – the history of form contains a continuous thread in which historical ideas have been evolved and transformed to produce novel forms. By decomposing forms into their affects, The Function of Form shows how physical structures which used to be synonymous with specific concepts can be freed from their attendant cultural and other significances. Particularised and differentiated in this way, these physical structures become mutable and can be re-appropriated and transformed without prejudice, to produce singular affects. These affects are processed by individuals into different types of subjectivity which encourage the environment to evolve as a multiplicity.
Publications
- The Function of Ornament, edited with Michael Kubo and her students at Harvard (2006)
- The Function of Form, edited with Daniel Lopez-Perez and her students at Harvard (2009)
External links
- Official Foreign Office Architects website http://www.f-o-a.net
- Farshid Moussavi at Harvard Graduate School of Design website http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/moussavi
- Aga Khan Award for Architecture website http://www.akdn.org/architecture/steering_committee.asp
- Whitechapel Gallery website http://www.whitechapelgallery.org/about-us/our-trustees
- The Architecture Foundation website http://www.architecturefoundation.org.uk/about/board
- Farshid Moussavi at IACC Lecture Series 2010/2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvpGkHAm2-8
- Farshid Moussavi lecture at the Pavillon de l'Arsenal, 12 November 2007 http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9skii_foa-farshid-moussavi-conference-1-a_creation
- Function of Form (Turkish) http://www.yemkitabevi.com/Urunler/bicimin-islevi_9789944757508.html
- Woodman, Ellis (3 May 2008), "Foreign Office Architects: No, it's not a Guggenheim - it's a John Lewis" http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3673077/Foreign-Office-Architects-No-its-not-a-Guggenheim-its-a-John-Lewis.html