Federal judge
Encyclopedia
Federal judges are judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state / provincial / local level.
. Judges of Federal Courts of Appeal or Higher Courts are appointed according to specific rules.
is a federation composed of a federal (central) government and of ten provinces and three territories. There are two levels of courts in each province or territory (except Nunavut): superior (upper level) courts appointed by the federal government, and a provincial or territorial court appointed by the province or territory.
Judicial appointments to the superior courts (trial or appellate) in each province or territory are made by the Governor General
on the recommendation of the federal cabinet
. Appointments to other superior courts which have jurisdiction for all Canada ---the Federal Court, the Federal Court of Appeal, the Tax Court of Canada, and to the Supreme Court of Canada which is the final court of appeal from all Canadian courts---are also made by the Governor General on the recommendation of the federal cabinet. Appointments to the provincial court in each province are made by the Lieutenant Governor of the province on the recommendation of the provincial government.
appointed by the President of the United States
and confirmed by the United States Senate
in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution
. Judges for Circuit Courts, called "circuit judges," are also appointed by the President and are therefore also "Federal judges." Federal judges are appointed for terms of life.
Brazil
In Brazil, federal judges of first instance are chosen exclusively by public contestPublic contest
In Brazil, public examinations are the most commonly used form of hiring public servants, including teachers, bureaucrats, diplomats, prosecutors, judges, etc...
. Judges of Federal Courts of Appeal or Higher Courts are appointed according to specific rules.
Canada
CanadaCanada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
is a federation composed of a federal (central) government and of ten provinces and three territories. There are two levels of courts in each province or territory (except Nunavut): superior (upper level) courts appointed by the federal government, and a provincial or territorial court appointed by the province or territory.
Judicial appointments to the superior courts (trial or appellate) in each province or territory are made by the Governor General
Governor General of Canada
The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...
on the recommendation of the federal cabinet
Cabinet (government)
A Cabinet is a body of high ranking government officials, typically representing the executive branch. It can also sometimes be referred to as the Council of Ministers, an Executive Council, or an Executive Committee.- Overview :...
. Appointments to other superior courts which have jurisdiction for all Canada ---the Federal Court, the Federal Court of Appeal, the Tax Court of Canada, and to the Supreme Court of Canada which is the final court of appeal from all Canadian courts---are also made by the Governor General on the recommendation of the federal cabinet. Appointments to the provincial court in each province are made by the Lieutenant Governor of the province on the recommendation of the provincial government.
United States of America
A United States federal judge is a judgeJudge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
appointed by the President of the United States
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
and confirmed by the United States Senate
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution
United States Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The first three...
. Judges for Circuit Courts, called "circuit judges," are also appointed by the President and are therefore also "Federal judges." Federal judges are appointed for terms of life.