Fenno-Skan
Encyclopedia
Fenno–Skan is the designation of the high voltage direct current transmission between Dannebo in Sweden
and Rauma
in Finland
.
The total length of Fenno–Skan is 233 kilometres (144.8 mi), of which 200 kilometres (124.3 mi) is a submarine cable
on the bottom of the Gulf of Bothnia
. At the Swedish end the cable directly enters the Dannebo static inverter plant
near the Forsmark nuclear power station
about 1 kilometre (0.621372736649807 mi) from the coast at 60°24'16"N 18°8'4"E. However, the electrode line
from the static inverter plant to the ground electrode situated at 60°35'51"N 17°57'46"E is built as overhead line. It is a line with two conductors on wooden poles, which runs partly on its course past another powerline.
There is a 33 kilometres (20.5 mi) long overhead line
section from the coast in Finland at 61°4'37" N, 21°18'18" E to the static inverter station in Rauma, situated at 61°9′7″N 21°37′32″E.
The ground electrode in Finland is situated near Rantala. From there an overhead electrode line on wooden poles runs first in Northeast, than in Northern direction until Ruokalho, where it meets the overhead line with two high voltage conductors. From Ruokalho to Rauma static inverter plant the electrode line is fixed on a small crossbar above the high voltage conductors of Fenno–Skan and serves as ground conductor. In opposite to a normal ground conductor it is mounted on insulators equipped with surge arrestors.
s Fingrid
and Svenska Kraftnät
.
Norwegian plant in Halden
. Two converter stations would be supplied by ABB. Compare with Fenno–Skan 1, the Swedish converter station would be located in Finnböle
. The Fenno–Skan 2 cable would be connected to the converter station by a 70 kilometres (43.5 mi) long DC overhead line. The pylons of this line are "classic HVDC pylons" with a single crossbar carrying two conductors, which consist of a bundle of three ropes, on 5.5 metres long insulators. Fenno–Skan 2 crosses the traction current power line Tierp-Gävle and the parallel-running three phase 220 kV AC powerline Mehedeby-Gävle west of Mehedeby approximately at 60°28′46"N 17°14′12"E. This is the only crossing of an HVDC powerline and a single-phase AC powerline in the world and the only place where all kinds of electric transmission systems, three phase AC powerline, single phase AC powerline and HVDC come close together .
Underground cable in Sweden
Electrode line in Sweden
Overhead line in Finland
Electrode line in Finland
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
and Rauma
Rauma, Finland
Rauma is a town and municipality of ca. inhabitants on the west coast of Finland, north of Turku, and south of Pori. Granted town privileges on May 17, 1442 , Rauma is known of its high quality lace , and of the old wooden architecture of its centre , which is a Unesco world heritage...
in Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
.
History
Fenno–Skan was inaugurated in 1989. Taken into commercial operation in November 1989, Fenno–Skan was the longest submarine power cable in the world. It was also the first HVDC cable with 400 kV voltage and a rated power of 500 MW.Description
The Fenno–Skan is a monopolar system with a maximum transmission rate of 550 megawatts (MW) at a voltage of 400 kV. It would be converted to become a bipole. The cable was manufactured by ABB.The total length of Fenno–Skan is 233 kilometres (144.8 mi), of which 200 kilometres (124.3 mi) is a submarine cable
Submarine cable
Submarine cable may refer to:*Submarine communications cable*Submarine power cable...
on the bottom of the Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Finland's west coast and Sweden's east coast. In the south of the gulf lie the Åland Islands, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea.-Name:...
. At the Swedish end the cable directly enters the Dannebo static inverter plant
Static inverter plant
A static inverter station, also known as an HVDC Converter Station, is the terminal equipment for a high-voltage direct-current transmission line, in which direct current is converted to three-phase alternating current, and, usually, the reverse...
near the Forsmark nuclear power station
Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant
Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in Forsmark, Sweden, and also the site of the Swedish Final repository for radioactive operational waste...
about 1 kilometre (0.621372736649807 mi) from the coast at 60°24'16"N 18°8'4"E. However, the electrode line
Electrode line
An electrode line is an electrical connection from a static inverter plant of a high voltage direct current transmission system to the earth grounding electrode...
from the static inverter plant to the ground electrode situated at 60°35'51"N 17°57'46"E is built as overhead line. It is a line with two conductors on wooden poles, which runs partly on its course past another powerline.
There is a 33 kilometres (20.5 mi) long overhead line
Overhead lines
Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point...
section from the coast in Finland at 61°4'37" N, 21°18'18" E to the static inverter station in Rauma, situated at 61°9′7″N 21°37′32″E.
The ground electrode in Finland is situated near Rantala. From there an overhead electrode line on wooden poles runs first in Northeast, than in Northern direction until Ruokalho, where it meets the overhead line with two high voltage conductors. From Ruokalho to Rauma static inverter plant the electrode line is fixed on a small crossbar above the high voltage conductors of Fenno–Skan and serves as ground conductor. In opposite to a normal ground conductor it is mounted on insulators equipped with surge arrestors.
Operators
Fenno–Skan is operated by the Finnish and Swedish transmission system operatorTransmission system operator
File:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity distribution from generation stations to consumersrect 2 243 235 438 Power stationrect 276 317 412 556 Transformer...
s Fingrid
Fingrid
Fingrid Oyj is a Finnish national electricity transmission grid operator. It is owned by the Finnish state , power companies Fortum and Pohjolan Voima and financial investors . CEO of the company is Jukka Ruusunen....
and Svenska Kraftnät
Svenska Kraftnät
Svenska Kraftnät is an electricity and natural gas transmission system operator in Sweden. It is a state-owned public utility, which was created in 1992 by splitting the former government agency Vattenfall into a power generation company and a transmission company...
.
Fenno–Skan 2
There is a plan to add the second cable to the existing HVDC connection. A new 800 MW, 500 kV subsea transmission connection will be laid in 2011 by the cable laying ship SC Skagerrak, and it is costs €150 million. The cable will be manufactured by NexansNexans
Nexans S.A. is a French company which manufactures copper and optical fiber cable products for the infrastructure, industrial and construction markets. It is the world's largest manufacturer of cables. It has an industrial presence in nearly 40 countries, over 23,000 employees and sales of around...
Norwegian plant in Halden
Halden
is a both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the Tista river delta on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden.-History:...
. Two converter stations would be supplied by ABB. Compare with Fenno–Skan 1, the Swedish converter station would be located in Finnböle
Hedesunda
Hedesunda is a locality and a parish situated in Gävle Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden with 1,048 inhabitants in 2005. It is a former municipality....
. The Fenno–Skan 2 cable would be connected to the converter station by a 70 kilometres (43.5 mi) long DC overhead line. The pylons of this line are "classic HVDC pylons" with a single crossbar carrying two conductors, which consist of a bundle of three ropes, on 5.5 metres long insulators. Fenno–Skan 2 crosses the traction current power line Tierp-Gävle and the parallel-running three phase 220 kV AC powerline Mehedeby-Gävle west of Mehedeby approximately at 60°28′46"N 17°14′12"E. This is the only crossing of an HVDC powerline and a single-phase AC powerline in the world and the only place where all kinds of electric transmission systems, three phase AC powerline, single phase AC powerline and HVDC come close together .
Sites
| Site | Coordinates |
|---|---|
| Finnbole HVDC Static Inverter | 60°25′30"N 17°3′42"E |
| Dannebo HVDC Static Inverter | 60°24′14"N 18°08′10"E |
| Hallen Electrode Line Terminal (Sweden) | 60°35′51"N 17°57′46"E |
| Tiirojärvi Cable Terminal (Finland) | 61°04′36"N 21°18′17"E |
| Rantala Electrode Line Terminal (Finland) | 60°59′47"N 21°22′4"E |
| Ruokalho Electrode Line Branch (Finland) | 61°02′31"N 21°24′30"E |
| Rauma HVDC Static Inverter Plant | 61°09′07"N 21°37′32"E |
Waypoints
Fenno–Skan 2 in SwedenUnderground cable in Sweden
Electrode line in Sweden
Overhead line in Finland
Electrode line in Finland
External links
- http://www.fingrid.fi/uploads/ConstructionSiteMap/attachments/esite.pdf
- http://www.fingrid.fi/uploads/ConstructionSiteMap/attachments/fenno-skan_fin.pdf
- http://web.archive.org/web/20051115122606/www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/FENNO.htm
- http://web.archive.org/web/20051115122606/www.transmission.bpa.gov/cigresc14/Compendium/Fenno%20Pictures.pdf
- Overhead line of Fenno-Skan 2