Rauma, Finland
Encyclopedia
Rauma (ˈrɑumɑ) is a town and municipality of ca. inhabitants on the west coast of Finland
, 92 kilometres (57.2 mi) north of Turku
, and 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) south of Pori
. Granted town privileges on May 17, 1442 (then under the rule of Sweden
), Rauma is known of its high quality lace
(since the 18th century), and of the old wooden architecture
of its centre (Old Rauma
, Vanha Rauma), which is a Unesco
world heritage site.
monastery
and a Catholic
church. In 1550, the townsmen of Rauma were ordered to relocate
to Helsinki
, but this was successfully countered and Rauma could continue its growth.
Practically the whole wooden town of Rauma was devastated in the fires of 1640 and 1682. The wooden city centre, which is how large the town was until 1809, has approximately 600 wooden buildings. The neo-renaissance
style of many of the houses is a result of prosperity brought on by seafaring. In 1897 Rauma had the largest fleet of sailing boats in Finland, totalling 57 vessels. Goods were mainly exported to Germany
, Stockholm
and the Baltic states
. In the 1890s, Rauma got a teacher's college (a 'seminar'), which was later annexed to the University of Turku
. A part of the department of education still exists in Rauma.
The name Rauma comes from the Germanic
word strauma, meaning "stream".
, Merirauma
, Uusi-Lahti, Kappelinluhta, Paloahde, Syvärauma, Kinno, Kaaro, Luostarinkylä, Impivaara, Äyho, Uotila, Lajo, Nikulanmäki, Lensunkallio, Nummi, Pyynpää, Otanlahti, Pidesluoto, Komppi, Lonsi, Polari, Sampaanala, Paroalho, Kourujärvi, Kortela, Monna.
, Rauma developed into an industrial
city, the main industries being shipbuilding
, paper
and pulp
mills, and metal industry. Rauma is also the fifth largest port
in Finland with almost six million tonnes of shipping per year. Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant is located next to Rauma, in Eurajoki
.
Near Rauma, there is the static-inverter plant of Fenno-Skan
.
Rauma is located between Turku and Pori by the national road 8 (E8
). Finnish national road 12
starts from Rauma and it was extended to the port of Rauma in 2008.
A railroad connection from Kokemäki is in active freight use, as there is a straight connection to the heavy industry areas and to the port of Rauma. The rail passenger traffic ended in 1988.
Satakunnan Liikenne Oy runs the local bus traffic and it has 3 lines in Rauma. The hub for the local buses is located in Savila while the Long distance buses operate from Rauma bus station. The long distance buses take passengers directly to Pori
and Turku
and to Tampere
and Helsinki
with one transfer at Huittinen
.
The nearest airport
is located in Pori
. The port of Rauma serves only freight ships on frequent basis.
of Finnish
, "Rauman giäl
". The dialect inherits words from languages such as Swedish
, English
and German
due to the seafaring past. The dialect has been diluted into mainstream Finnish in day-to-day use, but it is fairly well studied (mainly by Hj. Nortamo) and practiced as a hobby.
Rauma Maritime Museum
in the Rauma Nautical School building was founded in 1999.
area. The Lace week culminates to the Black Lace Night, when the small boutiques are open late night, various shows and concerts are held and people dress in black lace.
is an ice hockey team that hails from Rauma, playing in SM-liiga
. Their home arena is Äijänsuo Arena
. Local football teams are Pallo-Iirot
and FC Rauma
. These two teams share the same home field at Äijänsuo sports centre.
Sea City Storm is an American football team playing in the Finnish American Football Association's
2nd division. Fera
is a women's Finnish baseball
team, whose home field is the Länsi-Suomi Arena at Otanlahti sports centre.
Rauma also has an own orienteering club, Rasti-Lukko, two Basketball teams known as Kaaron Roima and Rauma Basket, a rinkball team called UKP and a floorball team named SalBa.
One popular saying goes that every family in Rauma owns a boat – this is not true, though the city has room for ca. 2,800 boats at its docks. People can use their own boats or water buses to get to the Kylmäpihlaja lighthouse that doubles as a hotel and recreation site. Water buses take people to Reksaari island and former garrison island of Kuuskajaskari. Both islands are in recreational use.
("rural municipality of Rauma") were consolidated in 1993, continued in 2007 with the consolidation of municipality of Kodisjoki
. The municipality of Lappi was consolidated to Rauma in 2009.
, Norway
Næstved Municipality
, Denmark
Gävle Municipality
, Sweden
Álftanes
, Iceland
Kolpino
, Russia
Kaposvár, Hungary
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
, 92 kilometres (57.2 mi) north of Turku
Turku
Turku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of the 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...
, and 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) south of Pori
Pori
Pori is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region....
. Granted town privileges on May 17, 1442 (then under the rule of Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
), Rauma is known of its high quality lace
Lace
Lace is an openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. Lace-making is an ancient craft. True lace was...
(since the 18th century), and of the old wooden architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
of its centre (Old Rauma
Old Rauma
Old Rauma is the wooden city centre of the town of Rauma, Finland. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The area of Old Rauma is about 0.3 km², with approximately six hundred buildings and about 800 people living in the area...
, Vanha Rauma), which is a Unesco
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
world heritage site.
History
In the 14th century, before being declared as a town, Rauma had a FranciscanFranciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
monastery
Monastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
and a Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
church. In 1550, the townsmen of Rauma were ordered to relocate
History of Helsinki
Helsinki was founded by Swedish King Gustav Vasa in 1550 as the town of Helsingfors. Gustav intended for the town to serve the purpose of consolidating trade in the southern part of Finland and providing a competitor to Reval , a nearby Hanseatic League city which dominated local trade at the time...
to Helsinki
Helsinki
Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...
, but this was successfully countered and Rauma could continue its growth.
Practically the whole wooden town of Rauma was devastated in the fires of 1640 and 1682. The wooden city centre, which is how large the town was until 1809, has approximately 600 wooden buildings. The neo-renaissance
Neo-Renaissance
Renaissance Revival is an all-encompassing designation that covers many 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian nor Gothic but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes...
style of many of the houses is a result of prosperity brought on by seafaring. In 1897 Rauma had the largest fleet of sailing boats in Finland, totalling 57 vessels. Goods were mainly exported to Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
and the Baltic states
Baltic states
The term Baltic states refers to the Baltic territories which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I: primarily the contiguous trio of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ; Finland also fell within the scope of the term after initially gaining independence in the 1920s.The...
. In the 1890s, Rauma got a teacher's college (a 'seminar'), which was later annexed to the University of Turku
University of Turku
The University of Turku , located in Turku in southwestern Finland, is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrollment, after University of Helsinki. It was established in 1920 and also has faculties at Rauma, Pori and Salo...
. A part of the department of education still exists in Rauma.
The name Rauma comes from the Germanic
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages constitute a sub-branch of the Indo-European language family. The common ancestor of all of the languages in this branch is called Proto-Germanic , which was spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe...
word strauma, meaning "stream".
Neighborhoods and suburbs
Neighborhoods and suburbs of Rauma include: TarvonsaariTarvonsaari
Tarvonsaari is a neighbourhood of Rauma, Finland. It is located in the centre of the city....
, Merirauma
Merirauma
Merirauma is a neighbourhood of Rauma, Finland. It is located in the northeast of the city and features several islands offshore including Kuuskari, Polla and Kaskinen ....
, Uusi-Lahti, Kappelinluhta, Paloahde, Syvärauma, Kinno, Kaaro, Luostarinkylä, Impivaara, Äyho, Uotila, Lajo, Nikulanmäki, Lensunkallio, Nummi, Pyynpää, Otanlahti, Pidesluoto, Komppi, Lonsi, Polari, Sampaanala, Paroalho, Kourujärvi, Kortela, Monna.
Industry
After World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Rauma developed into an industrial
Industry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
city, the main industries being shipbuilding
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both...
, paper
Paper
Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon, drawing or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....
and pulp
Wood pulp
Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fibre crops or waste paper. Wood pulp is the most common raw material in papermaking.-History:...
mills, and metal industry. Rauma is also the fifth largest port
Harbor
A harbor or harbour , or haven, is a place where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormy weather, or else are stored for future use. Harbors can be natural or artificial...
in Finland with almost six million tonnes of shipping per year. Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant is located next to Rauma, in Eurajoki
Eurajoki
Eurajoki is a municipality of Finland located in the region of Satakunta in the province of Western Finland. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is ....
.
Near Rauma, there is the static-inverter plant of Fenno-Skan
Fenno-Skan
Fenno–Skan is the designation of the high voltage direct current transmission between Dannebo in Sweden and Rauma in Finland.-History:Fenno–Skan was inaugurated in 1989. Taken into commercial operation in November 1989, Fenno–Skan was the longest submarine power cable in the world...
.
Transport
European route E8
The European route E 8 is a European route that goes from Tromsø, Norway to Turku, Finland. The length of the route is .* E 8: Tromsø – Nordkjosbotn – Skibotn – Kilpisjärvi – Kaaresuvanto – Muonio – Tornio – Keminmaa – Kemi – Oulu – Liminka – Raahe – Kalajoki – Kokkola – Vaasa – Pori –...
). Finnish national road 12
Highways in Finland
Roads in Finland comprise of highways, paved and gravel roads which are divided in four to five classes according to their local importance...
starts from Rauma and it was extended to the port of Rauma in 2008.
A railroad connection from Kokemäki is in active freight use, as there is a straight connection to the heavy industry areas and to the port of Rauma. The rail passenger traffic ended in 1988.
Satakunnan Liikenne Oy runs the local bus traffic and it has 3 lines in Rauma. The hub for the local buses is located in Savila while the Long distance buses operate from Rauma bus station. The long distance buses take passengers directly to Pori
Pori
Pori is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region....
and Turku
Turku
Turku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of the 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...
and to Tampere
Tampere
Tampere is a city in southern Finland. It is the most populous inland city in any of the Nordic countries. The city has a population of , growing to approximately 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area. Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in...
and Helsinki
Helsinki
Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...
with one transfer at Huittinen
Huittinen
Huittinen is a town and municipality of Finland.It is located in the Satakunta region. The town has a population of and covers an area of of which is water...
.
The nearest airport
Pori Airport
Pori Airport is an airport in Pori, Finland. The airport is located south of the Pori town centre. It has two check-in desks, and a cafeteria service.During 2010 Pori Airport served 43,185 passengers, a decrease of 30.5% from previous year.- Facilities :...
is located in Pori
Pori
Pori is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region....
. The port of Rauma serves only freight ships on frequent basis.
Culture
Rauma has its own dialectDialect
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...
of Finnish
Finnish language
Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a...
, "Rauman giäl
Rauma dialect
Rauma language is a dialect of Finnish spoken in the town of Rauma, western Finland.The written form of the dialect was preserved by the writer and doctor Hj. Nortamo, and is currently practiced mainly as a hobby. Some of the most distinctive characteristics of the dialect are the use of letters...
". The dialect inherits words from languages such as Swedish
Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...
, English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
and German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
due to the seafaring past. The dialect has been diluted into mainstream Finnish in day-to-day use, but it is fairly well studied (mainly by Hj. Nortamo) and practiced as a hobby.
Rauma Maritime Museum
Rauma Maritime Museum
Rauma Maritime Museum is a museum in Rauma, Finland held by Rauma Maritime Museum Foundation. The museum opened in the former Maritime School in 2004....
in the Rauma Nautical School building was founded in 1999.
Lace Week
Annual Lace Week has been arranged in Rauma since year 1971. During the Lace week local craftspeople arrange small exhibitions in the Old RaumaOld Rauma
Old Rauma is the wooden city centre of the town of Rauma, Finland. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The area of Old Rauma is about 0.3 km², with approximately six hundred buildings and about 800 people living in the area...
area. The Lace week culminates to the Black Lace Night, when the small boutiques are open late night, various shows and concerts are held and people dress in black lace.
Other events
- Music festival RMJ, held in PoriPoriPori is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region....
in 2008 and 2009. - Classical music festival Festivo
- Jazz-happening Rauma Summer Jazz
- Creative and performing music arts festival Klustermus
- Movie festival Blue Sea Film Festival
- Blues festival Rauma Blues
Sports
Rauman LukkoLukko
Lukko is an ice hockey team in the SM-liiga, formed 1936. The full name of the club is Rauman Lukko. They play in Rauma, Finland at the Äijänsuo Arena. They have won the national championship once, in 1963...
is an ice hockey team that hails from Rauma, playing in SM-liiga
SM-liiga
The SM-liiga is the top professional ice hockey league in Finland. As of March 2008, it is ranked by the IIHF as the second strongest league in Europe. It was created in 1975 to replace the SM-sarja, which was fundamentally an amateur league. The SM-liiga is not directly overseen by the Finnish Ice...
. Their home arena is Äijänsuo Arena
Äijänsuo Arena
Äijänsuo Arena is an arena in Rauma, Finland. It is primarily used for ice hockey, and is the home arena of Lukko. It opened in 1970 and holds 5400 people. The name of the arena was changed to "Lännen Puhelin Areena" in autumn 2006....
. Local football teams are Pallo-Iirot
Pallo-Iirot
Pallo-Iirot is a football club from Rauma in Finland. The club was formed in 1930 and their home ground is at the Äijänsuon stadion. The men's first team currently plays in the Kakkonen...
and FC Rauma
FC Rauma
FC Rauma is a football club from Rauma, Finland. The club was formed in 1996 and their home ground is at the Äijänsuon stadion. The men's first team currently plays in the Kolmonen .-Background:...
. These two teams share the same home field at Äijänsuo sports centre.
Sea City Storm is an American football team playing in the Finnish American Football Association's
American Football Association of Finland
American Football Association of Finland is the national governing body of American football in Finland. It was founded in 1979 and it is founding member of both of European Federation of American Football, EFAF and International Federation of American Football, IFAF. Since 2000 American football...
2nd division. Fera
Fera
Fera or FERA may refer to:* Fera , a local name for several fish species and the eponymous dish* Coregonus fera, an extinct freshwater fish* FERA, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration* FERA, the Federation of European Film Directors...
is a women's Finnish baseball
Pesäpallo
Pesäpallo is a fast-moving ball sport that is quite often referred to as the national sport of Finland and has some presence in other countries, such as Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, and Northern Ontario in Canada...
team, whose home field is the Länsi-Suomi Arena at Otanlahti sports centre.
Rauma also has an own orienteering club, Rasti-Lukko, two Basketball teams known as Kaaron Roima and Rauma Basket, a rinkball team called UKP and a floorball team named SalBa.
Recreation
Consolidation of municipalities
Rauma and the surrounding municipality of Rauman maalaiskuntaRauman maalaiskunta
Rauman maalaiskunta is a former municipality of Finland. It was annexed to Rauma on January 1, 1993. The population of the municipality at the time of annexation was about 9,000. The municipality was originally formed in 1476 when a border was drawn between the town of Rauma and the surrounding...
("rural municipality of Rauma") were consolidated in 1993, continued in 2007 with the consolidation of municipality of Kodisjoki
Kodisjoki
Kodisjoki is a former municipality of Finland.It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Satakunta region. The municipality had a population of 518 and covered an area of 42.84 km² of which 2.08 km² is water. The population density was 12.1 inhabitants per km²...
. The municipality of Lappi was consolidated to Rauma in 2009.
Twin Cities
GjøvikGjøvik
is a town and a municipality in Oppland county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Gjøvik.In 1861, the village of Gjøvik in the municipality of Vardal was granted town status and was separated from Vardal to form a separate municipality...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
Næstved Municipality
Næstved Municipality
Næstved is a municipality in Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand in the south of Denmark. The municipality includes the island of Gavnø. It covers an area of 681 km², and has a total population of 80,732 . Its mayor is Henning Jensen, a member of the Social Democrats political party...
, Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
Gävle Municipality
Gävle Municipality
Gävle Municipality is a municipality in east central Sweden where the City Gävle is the municipal seat.Geographically the municipality is situated north of the mouth of the river Dalälven and is the southernmost municipality of the historical land of Norrland.The present municipality was created...
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
Álftanes
Álftanes
Álftanes is a town, municipality and low-lying peninsula which extrudes from the eastern part of Reykjanes, located in Iceland's Greater Reykjavík Area....
, Iceland
Iceland
Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
Kolpino
Kolpino
Kolpino is a municipal city in Kolpinsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located on the Izhora River southeast of St. Petersburg proper. Population: 81,000 ; 8,076 ....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Kaposvár, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
External links
- Town of Rauma – Official site
- Länsi-Suomi – The city's most widely read newspaper
- Uusi Rauma – Local biweekly free newspaper, makes also a publication in local dialect once a year.
- Radio Ramona - Local radio station
- Rauma collection in 3D Warehouse