Ferdinand of Aragón, Duke of Calabria
Encyclopedia
For the prince known by this name between 1825 and 1830, see Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
. For the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies from 1934 to 1960, see Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria
.
Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria, Prince of Taranto
, (Spanish: Fernando de Aragón, Duque de Calabria, Principe de Taranto) (15 December 1488, Andria
, Apulia
- Valencia, Spain
, 26 October 1550) was a Neapolitan
aristocrat
of royal Aragonese - Neapolitan blood, son of king Frederick IV of Naples
, (Naples 19 Apr 1452 - king 1496 - in prison Plessis-lès-Tours, France
, 9 Nov 1504), who played a significant role in the Mediterranean politics of the Crown of Aragon
in the early 16th century. He should not be confused with his famous contemporary, relative and namesake King Ferdinand II of Aragon
.
Ferrante I of Naples, Ferrante of Aragon-Naples y Carlino (illegitimate son of the King of Aragon Alfonso V
with Giraldona Carlino, 1423 - king of Naples 16 August 1458, his father recognized as such after his military conquest in February 1443 - 25 January 1494), made provisions for the eldest of his 6 children, described as king Alfonso II of Naples
y Chiaromonte, having married twice, first , in 1444, Isabella de Chiaromonte , a "Guilhem dei Chiaromonte - Orsini di Balzo" offspring . It was, then,a marriage between a male of the Counts of Cupertino and a woman from the Princes of Taranto
. Isabella died on 24 March 1465 having 6 males/females with Ferrante I.
In September 1476, some 11 years later, Ferrante I was persuaded by his Spanish uncle, King Juan II of Aragon, also king of Sicily
, to marry Juan II daughter, hence Ferrante I cousin, usually described as Joanna of Aragon
, (Barcelona
, Spain
, 1454 - Naples
, Italy
, 1517). While Ferrante I was then, 1476, some 53 years old, his new wife would be only 22, and he would be, moreover, associated to the naval power capacities of the Aragon-Catalonia Crown and the Sicilian kingdom, too.
When Ferrante I died on 25 January 1494, aged over 70, with his widow, Spanish born Queen Dowager Joanna, the sister of king Ferdinand II of Aragon
, also king of Sicily
and king of Castile, jure uxoris
, since 1474, the "Aragonese family kings" power extended to Sardinia
, Sicily
kingdom, Naples
kingdom, over 50% of the actual Italy
, and some 80-85% of actual Spain
, a European power group rather mighty for the time, ends of the XV Century.
Thus, Ferrante I became in 1476, brother in law of the king of Castile
, jure uxoris
, since 1474 and king of Sicily
and king of Aragon
after 1479.
The eldest child of the 6 males/females of king Ferrante I with Isabella de Chiaromonte was named Alfonso II of Naples
, (Naples
, Italy
, 4 Nov 1448 - Messina, Italy
,18 Dec 1495), and in other words, he only survived some 23 monts, under 2 years, to his father. He was reputed to be high-handed when trying to crush a revolt of the Neapolitan nobility after he started to rule the kingdom.
Married to a "Sforza - Visconti" female, Ippolita Maria Sforza
, from the last duke of Milan
, Francesco Sforza, they got three males/females, Isabella, (1470–1524), Pietro, (1471 - 1491], and
Ferrante II of Naples y Sforza , (Naples
, Italy
, 26 Aug 1469 - Naples
, Italy
, [5/7] Oct 1496 ). He married, aged 27, (Naples
, 1496, year he died, too)) his youngest than him aunt, 17 years old Giovanna of Naples, (Naples 15 Apr 1479-Naples 27 Aug 1518), daughter of FERRANTE I King of Naples & his second wife Infanta doña Joanna of Aragon
.
Therefore, by October 1496, after a king lasting only some 10 months , there was the need for a new king of Naples. The throne would have to go to Ferrante II of Naples uncle, the brother of king Alfonso II of Naples, namely, Frederick IV of Naples
, (Naples
, Italy
, 19 Apr 1452 - in prison, Plessis-lès-Tours 9 Nov 1504)
In other words, Frederick IV succeeded his nephew Ferrante II.
It is said, that as a consequence of Charles VIII invasion, and the abdication in January 1495 of king Alfonso II of Naples
, (Naples
, Italy
, 4 Nov 1448 - abdicate in his son Ferrante II of Naples, January 1495, Messina, Italy
18 Dec 1495), there was an agreed partition of the kingdom of Naples between Charles VIII of France
and king Ferdinand II of Aragón
, February 1495, with an switch of Ferdinand II of Aragón
] politics when his sister Joanna of Aragon
, Dowager Queen of Naples, arranged the marriage in 1496 of her 17 year old daughter Giovanna of Naples, niece of the Aragonese king Ferdinand II, to Ferrante II
, aged 27.
But when Ferrante II uncle, Frederick IV, occupied the Neapolitan throne after October 1496, there was a truce or agreement, in the year 1500, described as Treaty of Granada, between Ferdinand II of Aragon
and Louis XII of France
, some sort of conquest and partition of the Kingdom of Naples between Spaniards and French, apparently, imprisoning and destituting, September 1501, Frederick IV.
The invasion of king Charles VIII of France
successor, king Louis XII of France
in what where supposed to be parts previously assigned in the Spanish-French negotiations to the Spaniards in the South of the Kingdom, mainly Apulia
and Calabria
, was one of the reasons why Ferdinand II sent Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
, (1453–1515), to battle against the French, wipe out a part of Frederick IV nobility, Frederick IV being imprisoned and abducted to France by the French around September 1501.
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
, who had received money and honors by the Aragonese - Neapolitan king Ferrante II
had to send back to Spain as prisoners, Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria and Prince of Taranto
, aged around 15, and plotting and calculating son of the Spanish born, and immoral, Pope Alexander VI, a.k.a. Rodrigo Borgia, Cesare Borgia
.
Duke Ferdinand II of Calabria was imprisoned at Atienza
, province of Guadalajara
, Spain
, while Cesare Borgia was custodied at Xativa
, province of Valencia
. Cesare was killed in battle at Viana
, Navarre
.
He was, subsequently, at Xativa
, from 1512-1523 under Ferdinand II of Aragon
till the king death in 1516 and then, till 1523, under Ferdinand II grandson king Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
fearing his plotting to recapture the throne of Naples.
He became Viceroy of Valencia, by right of his first wife, Germaine of Foix
, 1526–1540, where he established a lively court which promoted theatre and music.
He married firstly, Seville
, August 1523, as her third husband, Germaine de Foix,
widow firstly of his royal gaoler king Ferdinand II of Aragon
"el Católico" and secondly of Johann Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach.
She was daughter of Jean V de Foix-Grailly, Vicomte de Narbonne, Comte d'Étampes & his wife Marie d'Orléans [Valois] ([1490/93], and died in Liria, Spain
, 15 Oct 1538. It is known that in her 1538 will, aged around 50, she asked for protection for the future of her daughter, as she is the daughter of the Emperor, too. The king Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
, born at Ghent
, now in Belgium
, 1500, therefore then aged 38, was a widower since 1531 with two legal children , female/male, and several "illegitimate" children, males/females, perhaps as a very young bachelor or briefly married or as a widower, but this encounters with Germaine, 12 years older than he was, a notorious happy drinker and eater who became a very overweight lady indeed in due time, had escaped the attention of many earlier biographers.
He married, secondly (Feb 1540) as her second husband, doña Mencía de Mendoza, Marchioness of Zenete, widow of Heinrich III Graf von Nassau, daughter of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar de Mendoza, Marqués de Cenete & his wife doña María de Fonseca y de Toledo (Jadraque 30 Nov 1508-4 Jan 1554, buried at Valencia). She was then the daughter of an "illegitimate" son, Rodrigo, the son of Catholic Cardinal Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza
, 5th son of notorious literary nobleman Inigo Lopez de Mendoza, Marquis of Santillana
, born 1398. This 5th son,Pedro, who used a different name than his father, Inigo, was named around, while alive, as "The Third King of Spain". Fernando of Calabria had one possible illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:
and Ferdinand II of Aragon (Frederick's cousin) had continued the claim of Louis's predecessor, King Charles VIII of France
, to the thrones of Naples and Sicily
, and in 1501 they deposed Frederick, and Naples initially went to Louis, but by 1504 a new war led to Naples' seizure by the Crown of Aragon.
Ferdinand was then taken prisoner by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
, and was moved to Barcelona
as a hostage. Nevertheless he gained the friendship of Fernando II of Aragon and later that of Charles V
, to the point that the latter managed the marriage of Ferdinand of Calabria with Germaine de Foix in 1526 (she had been second wife of Ferdinand II, Charles V's maternal grandfather), and designated them as joint viceroys of Valencia
. As such, they became renowned for their patronage
of artistic and literary works.
. Early Music, Volume 32, Number 2, May 2004 , pp. 194–224(31)
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand II was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death.-Family:Ferdinand was born in Palermo, the son of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his wife and first cousin Maria Isabella of Spain.His paternal grandparents were King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Queen Marie...
. For the head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies from 1934 to 1960, see Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria
Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria
Prince Ferdinand Pius , Duke of Calabria , was head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and pretender to the throne of the extinct Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from 1934 to 1960....
.
Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria, Prince of Taranto
Taranto
Taranto is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base....
, (Spanish: Fernando de Aragón, Duque de Calabria, Principe de Taranto) (15 December 1488, Andria
Andria, Italy
Andria is a city and comune in Apulia . It is an agricultural and service center, producing wine, olives and almonds...
, Apulia
Apulia
Apulia is a region in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its most southern portion, known as Salento peninsula, forms a high heel on the "boot" of Italy. The region comprises , and...
- Valencia, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, 26 October 1550) was a Neapolitan
History of Naples
The history of Naples is long and varied, beginning in the 9th-century BCE Greeks colonized many parts of south Italy. Naples was one of the latter cities founded in the Magna Graecia, founded as "Parthenope" in the sixth century B.C. It was a second-generation colony, in that it was settled by the...
aristocrat
Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy are people considered to be in the highest social class in a society which has or once had a political system of Aristocracy. Aristocrats possess hereditary titles granted by a monarch, which once granted them feudal or legal privileges, or deriving, as in Ancient Greece and India,...
of royal Aragonese - Neapolitan blood, son of king Frederick IV of Naples
Frederick IV of Naples
Frederick IV , sometimes known as Frederick I or Federico d'Aragona, was the last King of Naples of the House of Trastámara, ruling from 1496 to 1501...
, (Naples 19 Apr 1452 - king 1496 - in prison Plessis-lès-Tours, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, 9 Nov 1504), who played a significant role in the Mediterranean politics of the Crown of Aragon
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon Corona d'Aragón Corona d'Aragó Corona Aragonum controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain and southeastern France, as well as some of the major islands and mainland possessions stretching across the Mediterranean as far as Greece...
in the early 16th century. He should not be confused with his famous contemporary, relative and namesake King Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
.
Ferrante I of Naples, Ferrante of Aragon-Naples y Carlino (illegitimate son of the King of Aragon Alfonso V
Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso the Magnanimous KG was the King of Aragon , Valencia , Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica , and Sicily and Count of Barcelona from 1416 and King of Naples from 1442 until his death...
with Giraldona Carlino, 1423 - king of Naples 16 August 1458, his father recognized as such after his military conquest in February 1443 - 25 January 1494), made provisions for the eldest of his 6 children, described as king Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II of Naples , also called Alfonso II d'Aragon, was King of Naples from 25 January 1494 to 22 February 1495 with the title King of Naples and Jerusalem...
y Chiaromonte, having married twice, first , in 1444, Isabella de Chiaromonte , a "Guilhem dei Chiaromonte - Orsini di Balzo" offspring . It was, then,a marriage between a male of the Counts of Cupertino and a woman from the Princes of Taranto
Taranto
Taranto is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base....
. Isabella died on 24 March 1465 having 6 males/females with Ferrante I.
In September 1476, some 11 years later, Ferrante I was persuaded by his Spanish uncle, King Juan II of Aragon, also king of Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
, to marry Juan II daughter, hence Ferrante I cousin, usually described as Joanna of Aragon
Joanna of Aragon
Joanna of Aragon was an infanta of the Kingdom of Aragon and second Queen consort of Ferdinand I of Naples....
, (Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, 1454 - Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 1517). While Ferrante I was then, 1476, some 53 years old, his new wife would be only 22, and he would be, moreover, associated to the naval power capacities of the Aragon-Catalonia Crown and the Sicilian kingdom, too.
When Ferrante I died on 25 January 1494, aged over 70, with his widow, Spanish born Queen Dowager Joanna, the sister of king Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
, also king of Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
and king of Castile, jure uxoris
Jure uxoris
Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of his wife" or "in right of a wife". It is commonly used to refer to a title held by a man whose wife holds it in her own right. In other words, he acquired the title simply by being her husband....
, since 1474, the "Aragonese family kings" power extended to Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
, Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
kingdom, Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
kingdom, over 50% of the actual Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, and some 80-85% of actual Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, a European power group rather mighty for the time, ends of the XV Century.
Thus, Ferrante I became in 1476, brother in law of the king of Castile
Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne...
, jure uxoris
Jure uxoris
Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of his wife" or "in right of a wife". It is commonly used to refer to a title held by a man whose wife holds it in her own right. In other words, he acquired the title simply by being her husband....
, since 1474 and king of Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
and king of Aragon
Aragon
Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
after 1479.
The eldest child of the 6 males/females of king Ferrante I with Isabella de Chiaromonte was named Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II of Naples , also called Alfonso II d'Aragon, was King of Naples from 25 January 1494 to 22 February 1495 with the title King of Naples and Jerusalem...
, (Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 4 Nov 1448 - Messina, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
,18 Dec 1495), and in other words, he only survived some 23 monts, under 2 years, to his father. He was reputed to be high-handed when trying to crush a revolt of the Neapolitan nobility after he started to rule the kingdom.
Married to a "Sforza - Visconti" female, Ippolita Maria Sforza
Ippolita Maria Sforza
Ippolita Maria Sforza , Duchess of Calabria, was a member of the powerful Italian condottieri Sforza family which ruled the Duchy of Milan from 1450 until 1535...
, from the last duke of Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, Francesco Sforza, they got three males/females, Isabella, (1470–1524), Pietro, (1471 - 1491], and
Ferrante II of Naples y Sforza , (Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 26 Aug 1469 - Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, [5/7] Oct 1496 ). He married, aged 27, (Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, 1496, year he died, too)) his youngest than him aunt, 17 years old Giovanna of Naples, (Naples 15 Apr 1479-Naples 27 Aug 1518), daughter of FERRANTE I King of Naples & his second wife Infanta doña Joanna of Aragon
Joanna of Aragon
Joanna of Aragon was an infanta of the Kingdom of Aragon and second Queen consort of Ferdinand I of Naples....
.
Therefore, by October 1496, after a king lasting only some 10 months , there was the need for a new king of Naples. The throne would have to go to Ferrante II of Naples uncle, the brother of king Alfonso II of Naples, namely, Frederick IV of Naples
Frederick IV of Naples
Frederick IV , sometimes known as Frederick I or Federico d'Aragona, was the last King of Naples of the House of Trastámara, ruling from 1496 to 1501...
, (Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 19 Apr 1452 - in prison, Plessis-lès-Tours 9 Nov 1504)
In other words, Frederick IV succeeded his nephew Ferrante II.
It is said, that as a consequence of Charles VIII invasion, and the abdication in January 1495 of king Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II of Naples
Alfonso II of Naples , also called Alfonso II d'Aragon, was King of Naples from 25 January 1494 to 22 February 1495 with the title King of Naples and Jerusalem...
, (Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 4 Nov 1448 - abdicate in his son Ferrante II of Naples, January 1495, Messina, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
18 Dec 1495), there was an agreed partition of the kingdom of Naples between Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable, , was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles was a member of the House of Valois...
and king Ferdinand II of Aragón
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
, February 1495, with an switch of Ferdinand II of Aragón
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
] politics when his sister Joanna of Aragon
Joanna of Aragon
Joanna of Aragon was an infanta of the Kingdom of Aragon and second Queen consort of Ferdinand I of Naples....
, Dowager Queen of Naples, arranged the marriage in 1496 of her 17 year old daughter Giovanna of Naples, niece of the Aragonese king Ferdinand II, to Ferrante II
Ferdinand II of Naples
Ferdinand II or Ferrante II of Naples , sometimes known as Ferrandino, was King of Naples from 1495 to 1496...
, aged 27.
But when Ferrante II uncle, Frederick IV, occupied the Neapolitan throne after October 1496, there was a truce or agreement, in the year 1500, described as Treaty of Granada, between Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
and Louis XII of France
Louis XII of France
Louis proved to be a popular king. At the end of his reign the crown deficit was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes...
, some sort of conquest and partition of the Kingdom of Naples between Spaniards and French, apparently, imprisoning and destituting, September 1501, Frederick IV.
The invasion of king Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable, , was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles was a member of the House of Valois...
successor, king Louis XII of France
Louis XII of France
Louis proved to be a popular king. At the end of his reign the crown deficit was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes...
in what where supposed to be parts previously assigned in the Spanish-French negotiations to the Spaniards in the South of the Kingdom, mainly Apulia
Apulia
Apulia is a region in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its most southern portion, known as Salento peninsula, forms a high heel on the "boot" of Italy. The region comprises , and...
and Calabria
Calabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
, was one of the reasons why Ferdinand II sent Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba known as The Great Captain, Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, also known as Gonzalo de Córdoba, Italian: Gonsalvo or Consalvo Ernandes di Cordova was a Spanish general fighting in the times of the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars...
, (1453–1515), to battle against the French, wipe out a part of Frederick IV nobility, Frederick IV being imprisoned and abducted to France by the French around September 1501.
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba known as The Great Captain, Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, also known as Gonzalo de Córdoba, Italian: Gonsalvo or Consalvo Ernandes di Cordova was a Spanish general fighting in the times of the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars...
, who had received money and honors by the Aragonese - Neapolitan king Ferrante II
Ferdinand II of Naples
Ferdinand II or Ferrante II of Naples , sometimes known as Ferrandino, was King of Naples from 1495 to 1496...
had to send back to Spain as prisoners, Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria and Prince of Taranto
Taranto
Taranto is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base....
, aged around 15, and plotting and calculating son of the Spanish born, and immoral, Pope Alexander VI, a.k.a. Rodrigo Borgia, Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia , Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. He was the son of Pope Alexander VI and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei. He was the brother of Lucrezia Borgia; Giovanni Borgia , Duke of Gandia; and Gioffre Borgia , Prince of Squillace...
.
Duke Ferdinand II of Calabria was imprisoned at Atienza
Atienza
Atienza is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the municipality has a population of 437 inhabitants.There were ancient Celtiberian settlements in the Cerro del Padrastro.- Geology :...
, province of Guadalajara
Guadalajara
Guadalajara may refer to:In Mexico:*Guadalajara, Jalisco, the capital of the state of Jalisco and second largest city in Mexico**Guadalajara Metropolitan Area*University of Guadalajara, a public university in Guadalajara, Jalisco...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, while Cesare Borgia was custodied at Xativa
Xàtiva
Xàtiva is a town in eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia–Murcia and Valencia Albacete railways....
, province of Valencia
Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia , located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon. When the Crown of Aragon merged by dynastic union with the Crown of Castile to form the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Valencia became a component realm of the...
. Cesare was killed in battle at Viana
Viana
Viana is the name of some places:*Viana do Bolo, Galicia, Spain*Viana do Castelo, Portugal*Viana, Navarre, Spain*Viana, Maranhão, Brazil*Viana, Espírito Santo, Brazil*Viana, Angolaorganization...
, Navarre
Navarre
Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
.
He was, subsequently, at Xativa
Xàtiva
Xàtiva is a town in eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia–Murcia and Valencia Albacete railways....
, from 1512-1523 under Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
till the king death in 1516 and then, till 1523, under Ferdinand II grandson king Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
fearing his plotting to recapture the throne of Naples.
He became Viceroy of Valencia, by right of his first wife, Germaine of Foix
Germaine of Foix
Germaine of Foix was queen consort of Aragon as the second wife of Ferdinand II of Aragon, whom he married in 1505 after the death of his first wife, Isabella I of Castile.-Birth and background:...
, 1526–1540, where he established a lively court which promoted theatre and music.
He married firstly, Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
, August 1523, as her third husband, Germaine de Foix,
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
"el Católico" and secondly of Johann Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach.
She was daughter of Jean V de Foix-Grailly, Vicomte de Narbonne, Comte d'Étampes & his wife Marie d'Orléans [Valois] ([1490/93], and died in Liria, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, 15 Oct 1538. It is known that in her 1538 will, aged around 50, she asked for protection for the future of her daughter, as she is the daughter of the Emperor, too. The king Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
, born at Ghent
Ghent
Ghent is a city and a municipality located in the Flemish region of Belgium. It is the capital and biggest city of the East Flanders province. The city started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Lys and in the Middle Ages became one of the largest and richest cities of...
, now in Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, 1500, therefore then aged 38, was a widower since 1531 with two legal children , female/male, and several "illegitimate" children, males/females, perhaps as a very young bachelor or briefly married or as a widower, but this encounters with Germaine, 12 years older than he was, a notorious happy drinker and eater who became a very overweight lady indeed in due time, had escaped the attention of many earlier biographers.
He married, secondly (Feb 1540) as her second husband, doña Mencía de Mendoza, Marchioness of Zenete, widow of Heinrich III Graf von Nassau, daughter of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar de Mendoza, Marqués de Cenete & his wife doña María de Fonseca y de Toledo (Jadraque 30 Nov 1508-4 Jan 1554, buried at Valencia). She was then the daughter of an "illegitimate" son, Rodrigo, the son of Catholic Cardinal Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza
Pedro González de Mendoza
Pedro González de Mendoza was a Spanish cardinal and statesman.-Biography:He was born at Guadalajara in New Castile, the chief lordship of his family. He was the fourth son of Íñigo López de Mendoza, marqués de Santillana, deceased 1458, and one of the cadet brothers of Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1...
, 5th son of notorious literary nobleman Inigo Lopez de Mendoza, Marquis of Santillana
Santillana
Santillana may refer to:*Santillana del Mar, a town in Spain*Carlos Alonso González, nicknamed Santillana, a Spanish footballer*Grupo Santillana, a Spanish publisher owned by PRISA...
, born 1398. This 5th son,Pedro, who used a different name than his father, Inigo, was named around, while alive, as "The Third King of Spain". Fernando of Calabria had one possible illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:
- JUAN PABLO de Matarredona "de Aragón" who married doña MARÍA de Moncada, daughter of don GUILLERMO RAMÓN de Moncada, Barón de Villamarchant & his wife doña Constanza Bau [of the house of the Barones de Callosa] ( - after 1535).
A resume of the reasons leading to Ferdinand II of Calabria later life
An alliance of Kings Louis XII of FranceLouis XII of France
Louis proved to be a popular king. At the end of his reign the crown deficit was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes...
and Ferdinand II of Aragon (Frederick's cousin) had continued the claim of Louis's predecessor, King Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable, , was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles was a member of the House of Valois...
, to the thrones of Naples and Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
, and in 1501 they deposed Frederick, and Naples initially went to Louis, but by 1504 a new war led to Naples' seizure by the Crown of Aragon.
Ferdinand was then taken prisoner by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba known as The Great Captain, Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, also known as Gonzalo de Córdoba, Italian: Gonsalvo or Consalvo Ernandes di Cordova was a Spanish general fighting in the times of the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars...
, and was moved to Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
as a hostage. Nevertheless he gained the friendship of Fernando II of Aragon and later that of Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
, to the point that the latter managed the marriage of Ferdinand of Calabria with Germaine de Foix in 1526 (she had been second wife of Ferdinand II, Charles V's maternal grandfather), and designated them as joint viceroys of Valencia
Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia , located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon. When the Crown of Aragon merged by dynastic union with the Crown of Castile to form the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Valencia became a component realm of the...
. As such, they became renowned for their patronage
Patronage
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings or popes have provided to musicians, painters, and sculptors...
of artistic and literary works.
Sources
Bernadette Nelson, The court of Don Fernando de Aragón, Duke of Calabria in Valencia, c.1526–c.1550: music, letters and the meeting of cultures. Oxford University PressOxford University Press
Oxford University Press is the largest university press in the world. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics appointed by the Vice-Chancellor known as the Delegates of the Press. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as...
. Early Music, Volume 32, Number 2, May 2004 , pp. 194–224(31)
See also
- Kingdom of SicilyKingdom of SicilyThe Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816. It was a successor state of the County of Sicily, which had been founded in 1071 during the Norman conquest of southern Italy...
- Kingdom of NaplesKingdom of NaplesThe Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
- Kingdom of ValenciaKingdom of ValenciaThe Kingdom of Valencia , located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon. When the Crown of Aragon merged by dynastic union with the Crown of Castile to form the Kingdom of Spain, the Kingdom of Valencia became a component realm of the...
- History of ItalyHistory of ItalyItaly, united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the political, cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean region. Many cultures and civilizations have existed there since prehistoric times....