Filippo Antonio Gualterio (cardinal)
Encyclopedia
Filippo Antonio Gualterio (24 March 1660, Fermo
– 21 April 1728) was made a papal nuncio to France (1700–1706) and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
from 1706.
Descending from an ancient family of Orvieto
related to Pope Innocent X
, he was grand-nephew of cardinal Carlo Gualterio
and uncle of cardinal Luigi Gualterio. Nominated Cardinal Protector of Scotland
, as of 1706, and England, as of 1717, he was one of the closest advisers to the Stuart Pretender, James Stuart, the would-be James III of England
, who conferred upon his brother Giovanni Battista the Jacobite
title of Earl of Dundee
.
Born at Fermo
, whose archdiocese
was governed by his grand-uncle Carlo, he was the eldest of seventeen children of Stanislao Gualterio, gonfaloniere
of Orvieto
, and Anna Maria Cioli, noble of Todi
. He received doctorates at the University of Fermo in philosophy, theology, and utroque iure, both canon and civil law. Beginning in 1685, when he was made Governor of San Severino
, he served in various governorates of the Papal States
until he was sent as Vice-legate
to Avignon
(1696–1700), where he carried himself so well he was made papal nuncio
to the court of Louis XIV of France
, April 1700, in preparation for which he was made titular archbishop of Atena at the end of March. Another member of his family, Sebastiano Gualterio, had already served as nuncio to France
in 1554. He was made Commander of the Order of the Saint Esprit. He was recalled to Rome to be created cardinal in the consistory of 17 May 1706 and sent as legate to Romagna
, 25 June. During his nunciature he established ties with prominent members of the European nobility and, in particular, with the Duc of Saint-Simon
, who often mentions him in the Memoirs. In recognition of the esteem he gained from Louis XIV, he was nominated abbot
commendatario
of Saint-Remy, Rheims (1710), and of Saint-Victor, Paris
(1713 or 1714).
In 1709 he was transferred to the see of Todi
, with the personal title of archbishop, and resigned the see in favour of his brother, Ludovico Anselmo Gualterio, 5 December 1714. He participated in the Papal conclave, 1721
, which elected Pope Innocent XIII
and in the conclave of 1724
, which elected Pope Benedict XIII
.
Founder of a monumental library, now part of the Accademia dei Lincei
, and of a vast collection of art, which after his death was partly acquired by Hans Sloane
and is now at the British Museum
, he was elected honorary member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
(1715).
His remains were transferred to the tomb of his family in the cathedral of Orvieto. The Gualterio papers are conserved at the British Library
.
Fermo
Fermo is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo.Fermo is located on a hill, the Sabulo with a fine view, on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway....
– 21 April 1728) was made a papal nuncio to France (1700–1706) and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
from 1706.
Descending from an ancient family of Orvieto
Orvieto
Orvieto is a city and comune in Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff...
related to Pope Innocent X
Pope Innocent X
Pope Innocent X , born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj , was Pope from 1644 to 1655. Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, he graduated from the Collegio Romano and followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle...
, he was grand-nephew of cardinal Carlo Gualterio
Carlo Gualterio
Carlo Gualterio was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal.-Biography:Gualterio was born at Orvieto. Among his relatives, Silvio Antoniani was cardinal and Sebastiano Gualterio had been Bishop of Viterbo, Papal Nuncio to France and the Council of Trent...
and uncle of cardinal Luigi Gualterio. Nominated Cardinal Protector of Scotland
Crown-cardinal
A crown-cardinal was a cardinal protector of a Catholic nation, nominated or funded by a Catholic monarch to serve as their representative within the College of Cardinals and, if applicable, exercise the jus exclusivae...
, as of 1706, and England, as of 1717, he was one of the closest advisers to the Stuart Pretender, James Stuart, the would-be James III of England
James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...
, who conferred upon his brother Giovanni Battista the Jacobite
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...
title of Earl of Dundee
Earl of Dundee
Earl of Dundee is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1660 for John Scrymgeour, 3rd Viscount Dudhope. At his death in 1668, Duke of Lauderdale declared that the first Earl had no heirs-male, and had the crown seize all of his lands...
.
Born at Fermo
Fermo
Fermo is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo.Fermo is located on a hill, the Sabulo with a fine view, on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway....
, whose archdiocese
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fermo
The Archdiocese of Fermo is a Roman Catholic territory in northern Italy, with the episcopal see in the city of Fermo, Marche. It was established as the Diocese of Fermo in the 3rd century and elevated to an archdiocese on 24 May 1589...
was governed by his grand-uncle Carlo, he was the eldest of seventeen children of Stanislao Gualterio, gonfaloniere
Gonfaloniere
The Gonfaloniere was a highly prestigious communal post in medieval and Renaissance Italy, notably in Florence and the Papal States. The name derives from gonfalone, the term used for the banners of such communes....
of Orvieto
Orvieto
Orvieto is a city and comune in Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff...
, and Anna Maria Cioli, noble of Todi
Todi
Todi is a town and comune of the province of Perugia in central Italy. It is perched on a tall two-crested hill overlooking the east bank of the river Tiber, commanding distant views in every direction.In the 1990s, Richard S...
. He received doctorates at the University of Fermo in philosophy, theology, and utroque iure, both canon and civil law. Beginning in 1685, when he was made Governor of San Severino
San Severino Marche
San Severino Marche is a comune in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 50 km southwest of Ancona and about 25 km southwest of Macerata.-From prehistory to Roman age:...
, he served in various governorates of the Papal States
Papal States
The Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
until he was sent as Vice-legate
Papal legate
A papal legate – from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic Faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters....
to Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
(1696–1700), where he carried himself so well he was made papal nuncio
Nuncio
Nuncio is an ecclesiastical diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word, Nuntius, meaning "envoy." This article addresses this title as well as derived similar titles, all within the structure of the Roman Catholic Church...
to the court of Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
, April 1700, in preparation for which he was made titular archbishop of Atena at the end of March. Another member of his family, Sebastiano Gualterio, had already served as nuncio to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
in 1554. He was made Commander of the Order of the Saint Esprit. He was recalled to Rome to be created cardinal in the consistory of 17 May 1706 and sent as legate to Romagna
Romagna
Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west...
, 25 June. During his nunciature he established ties with prominent members of the European nobility and, in particular, with the Duc of Saint-Simon
Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon
Louis de Rouvroy commonly known as Saint-Simon was a French soldier, diplomatist and writer of memoirs, was born in Paris...
, who often mentions him in the Memoirs. In recognition of the esteem he gained from Louis XIV, he was nominated abbot
Abbot
The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery...
commendatario
In Commendam
In canon law, commendam was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice in trust to the custody of a patron...
of Saint-Remy, Rheims (1710), and of Saint-Victor, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
(1713 or 1714).
In 1709 he was transferred to the see of Todi
Diocese of Todi
The Italian Catholic diocese of Todi existed until 1986, when it was united into the diocese of Orvieto-Todi. It was directly dependent on the Holy See.-History:During the Gothic War the city of Todi withstood Totila during a long and severe siege...
, with the personal title of archbishop, and resigned the see in favour of his brother, Ludovico Anselmo Gualterio, 5 December 1714. He participated in the Papal conclave, 1721
Papal conclave, 1721
The Papal conclave March 31 – May 8, 1721, convoked after the death of Pope Clement XI, was the conclave that elected to the Papacy Cardinal Michelangelo de' Conti, who took the name of Innocent XIII.- List of participants :...
, which elected Pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII was pope from 1721 until his death.He was born Michelangelo Conti in Poli, near Rome. Like Pope Innocent III , Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV , he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni...
and in the conclave of 1724
Papal conclave, 1724
The papal conclave of 1724 was called on the death of pope Innocent XIII. It began on 20 March 1724 and ended on 29 May that year in the election of pope Benedict XIII.-External links:* http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1724.html...
, which elected Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII
-Footnotes:...
.
Founder of a monumental library, now part of the Accademia dei Lincei
Accademia dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei, , is an Italian science academy, located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungara in Rome, Italy....
, and of a vast collection of art, which after his death was partly acquired by Hans Sloane
Hans Sloane
Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet, PRS was an Ulster-Scot physician and collector, notable for bequeathing his collection to the British nation which became the foundation of the British Museum...
and is now at the British Museum
British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
, he was elected honorary member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres is a French learned society devoted to the humanities, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France.-History:...
(1715).
His remains were transferred to the tomb of his family in the cathedral of Orvieto. The Gualterio papers are conserved at the British Library
British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a major research library, holding over 150 million items from every country in the world, in virtually all known languages and in many formats,...
.