Flora and fauna of the Maastrichtian stage
Encyclopedia
This is an incomplete list that briefly describes vertebrate
s that were extant during the Maastrichtian
, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended from 70.6 to 65.5 million years before present
. This was the last time period in which dinosaur
s, pterosaur
s, plesiosaur
s, and mosasaur
s existed.
Amphibians
†Ankylosaurs
Bird
Cartilaginous fish
†Ceratopsians
Crocodilians
Bony fish
Mammal
†Ornithopod
†Pachycephalosaurs
†Plesiosaur
†Pterosaur
†Sauropods
Squamates
†Theropods
Turtle
Vertebrate
Vertebrates are animals that are members of the subphylum Vertebrata . Vertebrates are the largest group of chordates, with currently about 58,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes, bony fishes, sharks and rays, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds...
s that were extant during the Maastrichtian
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the latest age or upper stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series, the Cretaceous period or system, and of the Mesozoic era or erathem. It spanned from 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma to 65.5 ± 0.3 Ma...
, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended from 70.6 to 65.5 million years before present
Before Present
Before Present years is a time scale used in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use AD 1950 as the origin of the age scale, reflecting the fact that radiocarbon...
. This was the last time period in which dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...
s, pterosaur
Pterosaur
Pterosaurs were flying reptiles of the clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period . Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight...
s, plesiosaur
Plesiosaur
Plesiosauroidea is an extinct clade of carnivorous plesiosaur marine reptiles. Plesiosauroids, are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods...
s, and mosasaur
Mosasaur
Mosasaurs are large extinct marine lizards. The first fossil remains were discovered in a limestone quarry at Maastricht on the Meuse in 1764...
s existed.
AmphibiansAmphibianAmphibians , are a class of vertebrate animals including animals such as toads, frogs, caecilians, and salamanders. They are characterized as non-amniote ectothermic tetrapods...
†Amphibians of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Maevarano Formation The Maevarano Formation is an Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rock formation found in the Mahajanga Province of northwestern Madagascar. It is most likely Maastrichtian in age, and records a seasonal, semiarid environment with rivers that had greatly varying discharges... |
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Albanerpeton Albanerpeton is an extinct genus of salamander-like lissamphibian found in North America and Europe. Members of the genus have a robust head and neck which likely allowed them to actively burrow and they lived in a wide range of environments... |
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†AnkylosaursAnkylosauriaAnkylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the order Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony osteoderms. Ankylosaurs were bulky quadrupeds, with short, powerful limbs. They are first known to have appeared in the early Jurassic Period of...
†Ankylosaurs of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Hell Creek Formation Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana... , Montana, USA
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The largest ankylosaur. |
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Campanian to Maastrichtian Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the latest age or upper stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series, the Cretaceous period or system, and of the Mesozoic era or erathem. It spanned from 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma to 65.5 ± 0.3 Ma... |
Horseshoe Canyon Formation Horseshoe Canyon Formation The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group and is up to 230m in thickness. It is Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian in age and is composed of mudstone, sandstone, and carbonaceous shales... , Alberta, Canada |
A bulky nodosaurid at roughly 6.6m (22 ft) long and 2m (6 ft) high. It had small, ridged bony plates on its back and head and many sharp spikes along its back and tail. The four largest spikes jutted out from the shoulders on each side, two of which were split into subspines in some specimens. Its skull had a pear-like shape when viewed from above. | |
Euoplocephalus Euoplocephalus was one of the largest genera of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, at about the size of a small elephant. It is also the ankylosaurian with the best fossil record, so its extensive spiked armor, low-slung body and great club-like tail are well documented.-Description:Among the... |
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Glyptodontopelta Glyptodontopelta is a genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was an ankylosaur, an armored dinosaur.... |
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Struthiosaurus Struthiosaurus is one of the smallest known and most basal genera of nodosaurid dinosaurs, from the Late Cretaceous period of Austria, Romania and France in Europe. It was protected by body armour... |
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Tarchia Tarchia is a genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia. It is currently the geologically youngest known of all the Asian ankylosaurid dinosaurs and is represented by five or more specimens, including two complete skulls and one nearly complete postcranial skeleton... |
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BirdBirdBirds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
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Birds of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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A genus of bird related to modern ducks and geese. Found in the Hornerstone Formation of New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware... .The oldest of the two known Anatalavis species. The younger species dates from London London London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its... 's Early Eocene rocks and is called A. oxfordi. |
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A genus of carnivorous birds containing two known species, only one of which was present during the Maastrichtian. The type species of Avisaurus, A. archibaldi was discovered in Montana Montana Montana is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller, "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name,... 's Hell Creek formation. |
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Canadaga Canadaga is a flightless bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. The single known species is Canadaga arctica. It lived in the shallow seas around what today is Bylot Island in Nunavut, Canada... |
A genus of flightless toothed sea birds related to Hesperornis The only known Canadaga species, it was a large bird (more than 5 feet (1.5 m) long)lived in the shallow seas of northern Canada. | |||
Ceramornis Ceramornis is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. It lived shortly before the K-Pg mass extinction in the Maastrictian, some 65.5 million years ago . Its remains were found in the Lull 2 location, a Lance Formation site in Niobrara County, Wyoming . A single species is known,... |
A charadriiforme from the Lance Creek Formation. Its evolutionary relationships are obscure. Known only from part of a single Coracoid bone, C. major is the only known Ceramornis species. | |||
Cimolopteryx Cimolopteryx is a prehistoric bird genus from the late Cretaceous Period. Remains attributed to Cimolopteryx have been found in the Frenchman Formation of Saskatchewan, the Lance Formation of Wyoming, and possibly the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. All date to the end of the Maastrichtian age,... " |
A genus of shore bird from the Lance Creek Formation of Wyoming. | |||
Enantiornis Enantiornis is a genus of predatory enantiornithine bird. The type and only currently accepted species E. leali is from Late Cretaceous rocks at El Brete, Argentina.... |
A genus of predatory bird discovered in Argentina. Possibly related to Avisaurus. A 3 foot (0.9144 m) long eagle-like predator, it is the only known Enantiornis species. | |||
Gargantuavis Gargantuavis was a genus of prehistoric bird, possibly related to Patagopteryx, containing thus far a single species, Gargantuavis philoinos. It lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now southern France, in the Marnes de la Maurine Formation dated to around 70 mya... |
A genus of large flightless ratite Ratite A ratite is any of a diverse group of large, flightless birds of Gondwanan origin, most of them now extinct. Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum—hence the name from the Latin ratis... -like bird. Eggs previously attributed to Titanosaurs may in fact be from this genus. Known from France, it is the Gargantuavis type species and indeed the only species discovered thus far. |
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Graculavus Graculavus is a prehistoric bird genus that was described by O. C. Marsh. Its remains were found in the Late Cretaceous Austin Chalk of Texas and Lance Formation , and the controversial Hornerstown Formation which straddles the Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary, possibly dating to the Danian stage... |
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Hesperornis Hesperornis is a genus of flightless aquatic birds that spanned the first half of the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period . One of the lesser-known discoveries of the paleontologist O. C. Marsh in the late 19th century Bone Wars, it was an important early find in the history of avian... |
A large aquatic diving bird with teeth, vestigial wings, and lobed toes. Discovered in Kansas by O. C. Marsh during the bone wars Bone Wars The Bone Wars, also known as the "Great Dinosaur Rush", refers to a period of intense fossil speculation and discovery during the Gilded Age of American history, marked by a heated rivalry between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh... . |
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Judinornis Judinornis is a prehistoric flightless bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. The single known species is Judinornis nogontsavensis... |
A somewhat primitive relative of Hesperornis, this toothed but flightless bird lived in freshwater, unlike its relatives. The only known species, this bird lived in the estuaries and rivers of mountains in the Nemegt Formation Nemegt Formation The Nemegt Formation is a geological formation dating from the Late Cretaceous sedimentary from the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. It overlies and sometimes forms folds with the Barun Goyot Formation. It consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, birds and a... of Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest... . |
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Laornis Laornis is a genus of a prehistoric neornithine birds, known only from Specimen YPM 820, a single tibiotarsus leg bone discovered in the late 19th century. Consequently the genus is monotypic, containing only the species Laornis edvardsianus. Regarding its scientific name, Laornis means "stone... |
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Lectavis Lectavis is a genus of enantiornithine bird. Its fossil bones were recovered from the Late Cretaceous Lecho Formation at estancia El Brete, Argentina... |
A genus of wading birds with uncertain evolutionary affinities, it had legs resembling and a body approximately the size of a modern curlew Curlew The curlews , genus Numenius, are a group of eight species of birds, characterised by long, slender, downcurved bills and mottled brown plumage. They are one of the most ancient lineages of scolopacid waders, together with the godwits which look similar but have straight bills... . The only known Lectavis species, it lived in Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... |
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Neogaeornis Neogaeornis is a controversial prehistoric genus of diving bird. The single known species, Neogaeornis wetzeli, was described from fossils found in the Campanian to Maastrichtian Quiriquina Formation of Chile. It lived about 70-67 million years ago... |
A marine bird from Chile. It had the midfeet of a foot-propelled diving bird, but its relationships are enigmatic. The only known species is from the Campanian Campanian The Campanian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch . The Campanian spans the time from 83.5 ± 0.7 Ma to 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma ... -Maastrichitan boundary. |
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Palaeotringa Palaeotringa is a prehistoric bird genus that was discovered by O. C. Marsh during the bone wars. Its remains were found in the controversial Hornerstown Formation of New Jersey which straddles the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary some 66 million years ago... |
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Palintropus Palintropus is a prehistoric bird genus from the Late Cretaceous. A single species has been named based on a proximal coracoid from the Lance Formation of Wyoming, dated to the latest Maastrichtian, 65.5 million years ago... |
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Potamornis Potamornis is a prehistoric bird genus that dated back to the late Maastrichtian. Its scrappy remains were found in the Lance Formation at Buck Creek, USA, and a single species has been named and described in 2001: Potamornis skutchi.... |
A genus of bird from the Lance Creek Formation that is related to Hesperornis.
The type and only known species, its epithet was chosen to honor Dr. Alexander F. Skutch. Its only remains consist of a right quadrate and fragmentary post-cranial elements. |
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Tytthostonyx Tytthostonyx is a genus of prehistoric seabird. Found in the much-debated Hornerstown Formation which straddles the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary 65 million years ago, this animal was apparently closely related to the ancestor of some modern birds, such as Procellariiformes and/or "Pelecaniformes"... |
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Vegavis Vegavis is a genus of extinct bird that lived during the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica, some 65 mya. It belonged to the clade Anseriformes... |
A relative of modern duck Duck Duck is the common name for a large number of species in the Anatidae family of birds, which also includes swans and geese. The ducks are divided among several subfamilies in the Anatidae family; they do not represent a monophyletic group but a form taxon, since swans and geese are not considered... s and geese. The only known species of Vegavis, all known fossils of V. iaai came from a single individual discovered in Antarctica. |
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Cartilaginous fishChondrichthyesChondrichthyes or cartilaginous fishes are jawed fish with paired fins, paired nares, scales, two-chambered hearts, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone...
Cartilaginous Fish of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Ctenopristis Ctenopristis is a prehistoric genus of saw fish whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage. The anterior teeth of Ctenopristis have a high cusp compared to certain other ancient sawfish genera... |
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Dalpiazia Dalpiazia is a prehistoric genus of saw fish whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage in Morocco. It was named in honor of Ernst Stromer.-Classification:... |
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Ganopristis Ganopristis is a prehistoric genus of saw fish whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage. Its fossils can be found in Spain and Israel.-Species:*Ganopristis hiram*Ganopristis leptodon*Ganopristis libanica... |
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Igdabatis Igdabatis is a prehistoric genus of ray whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage.-See also:* Flora and fauna of the Maastrichtian stage* List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish... |
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Pucabatis Pucabatis is a prehistoric genus of ray whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage.-See also:* Flora and fauna of the Maastrichtian stage* List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish... |
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Pucapristis Pucapristis is a prehistoric genus of saw fish whose fossils first appear in the fossil record in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage. Fossils of Pucapristis have not been found in any subsequent strata. Incidentally, the Maastrichtian is the final portion of the Cretaceous Period and its... |
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Raja (genus) Raja is a genus of skates in the family Rajidae, containing nearly thirty species. They are flat-bodied cartilaginous fish with a rhombic shape due to their large pectoral fins extending from or nearly from the snout to the base of their tail. Their sharp snouts produced by a cranial projection of... |
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Rhombodus Rhombodus is a prehistoric genus of ray whose fossils are found in rocks dating from the Maastrichtian stage. It is found in Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas. Most prominent are the teeth which are all that usually fossilises-See also:... |
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Schizorhiza Schizorhiza is a fossil genus of cartilaginous fish, containing a single accepted species Schizorhiza stromeri. Its fossils are found in rocks dating from the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages; it thus lived between about 71 and 65.5 million years ago... |
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†CeratopsiansCeratopsiaCeratopsia or Ceratopia is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs which thrived in what are now North America, Europe, and Asia, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Jurassic. The earliest known ceratopsian, Yinlong downsi, lived between 161.2 and 155.7...
†Ceratopsians of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Kirtland Formation The Kirtland Formation is a sedimentary geological formation. It is the product of alluvial muds and overbank sand deposits from the many channels draining the coastal plain that existed on the inland seashore of North America, in the late Cretaceous period. It overlies the Fruitland Formation... |
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Tatankaceratops Tatankaceratops is a controversial genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It is a small chasmosaurine ceratopsian which lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now South Dakota. It is known from a single partial skull which was collected from the Hell Creek Formation, dating to... |
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Torosaurus Torosaurus is a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the late Cretaceous period , between 70 and 65 million years ago. It possessed one of the largest skulls of any known land animal. The frilled skull reached in length... |
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CrocodiliansCrocodiliaCrocodilia is an order of large reptiles that appeared about 84 million years ago in the late Cretaceous Period . They are the closest living relatives of birds, as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria...
Crocodilians of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Mahajangasuchus Mahajangasuchus is an extinct genus of crocodyliform which had blunt, conical teeth. The type species, M. insignis, lived during the Late Cretaceous; its fossils have been found in the Maevarano Formation in northern Madagascar.Sereno et al.... |
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Bony fishAcanthopterygiiAcanthopterygii is a superorder of bony fishes in the class Actinopterygii. Members of this superorder are also known as the ray-finned fishes for the characteristic sharp, bony rays in their fins; however this name is also often given to the class Actinopterygii as a whole.Orders:* Order...
Bony Fish of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Congorhynchus Congorhynchus is a genus of prehistoric fish that was described by E. Darteville and E. Casier in 1949.Fossils belonging to Congorhynchus date back to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous as well as the Eocene. This means that this genus survived the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event... |
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Coriops Coriops is a genus of prehistoric fish. Its fossils are found in Campanian , Maastrichtian , and possibly Paleocene age deposits... |
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Eodiaphyodus Eodiaphyodus is a genus of Elopiformes fish that is classified in the suborder Albuloidea. It is related to the modern Tarpon. This fish that in Morocco during the Late Cretaceous Period. It crushed its food with bony plates found in the back of its throat.-See also:*Coriops*Flora and fauna of the... |
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Gasteroclupea Gasteroclupea is a genus of prehistoric clupeiform fish that is related to modern anchovies and herrings. Its fossils date back to the Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period.- External links :... |
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Goudkoffia Goudkoffia is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish... |
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Hemilampronites Hemilampronites is a prehistoric genus of flying fish. Its fossils can be found in Maastrichtian aged marine deposits.-Classification:Hemilampronites is a member of the order Beloniformes.... |
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Kankatodus Kankatodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish... |
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Natlandia Natlandia is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch.-See also:* Prehistoric fish* List of prehistoric bony fish... |
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MammalMammalMammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
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Mammals of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Didelphodon was one of the largest Mesozoic mammals. |
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Montana Montana Montana is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller, "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name,... |
Believed to be the earliest primate Primate A primate is a mammal of the order Primates , which contains prosimians and simians. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment... or a primatomorph |
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Zalambdalestes Zalambdalestes was a placental mammal living during the Upper Cretaceous in Mongolia. It is one of the oldest examples of a placental mammal known, and would have lived alongside the dinosaurs.... |
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†OrnithopodOrnithopodOrnithopods or members of the clade Ornithopoda are a group of ornithischian dinosaurs that started out as small, bipedal running grazers, and grew in size and numbers until they became one of the most successful groups of herbivores in the Cretaceous world, and dominated the North American...
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†Ornithopods of the Maastrichtian | |||||||
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Hypacrosaurus Hypacrosaurus was a genus of duckbill dinosaur similar in appearance to Corythosaurus. Like Corythosaurus, it had a tall, hollow rounded crest, although not as large and straight... |
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†PachycephalosaursPachycephalosauriaPachycephalosauria is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. Well-known genera include Pachycephalosaurus, Stegoceras, Stygimoloch, and Dracorex. Most lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, in what is now North America and Asia. They were all bipedal, herbivorous/omnivorous animals with thick skulls...
†Pachycephalosaurs of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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†PlesiosaurPlesiosaurPlesiosauroidea is an extinct clade of carnivorous plesiosaur marine reptiles. Plesiosauroids, are known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods...
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†Plesiosaurs of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Elasmosaurus Elasmosaurus + σαυρος sauros 'lizard') is a genus of plesiosaur with an extremely long neck that lived in the Late Cretaceous period , 80.5 million years ago.-Description:... |
Antarctica, Lopez de Bertodano Formation
Chubut, Argentina, Paso del Sapo Formation |
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†PterosaurPterosaurPterosaurs were flying reptiles of the clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period . Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight...
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†Pterosaurs of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Densus-Ciula Formation, Romania |
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Gamame Formation, Paraiba Paraíba Paraíba Paraíba Paraíba (Tupi: pa'ra a'íba: "bad to navigation"; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: is a state of Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Northeast, and is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north, Ceará to the west, Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east... , Brazil |
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North America
Hell Creek Formation Hell Creek Formation The Hell Creek Formation is an intensely-studied division of Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana... , Montana, USA Javelina Formation Javelina Formation The Javelina Formation is a geological formation in Texas. Dating has shown that the strata date to the mid-late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, with the middle part of the formation dated to about 69 million years ago plus or minus 1 Ma and the top situated near the K-Pg boundary,... , Texas, USA |
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†SauropodsSauropodaSauropoda , or the sauropods , are an infraorder of saurischian dinosaurs. They had long necks, long tails, small heads , and thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land...
†Sauropods Sauropoda Sauropoda , or the sauropods , are an infraorder of saurischian dinosaurs. They had long necks, long tails, small heads , and thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land... of the Maastrichtian |
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Argyrosaurus Argyrosaurus is a genus of herbivorous titanosaurid dinosaur that lived about 90 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now South America . It was one of the largest dinosaurs, having a length of up to 20–30 metres and a weight estimated as high as eighty tonnes...
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Argentina, Uruguay | |||
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Kallemedu Formation, Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh... , India |
Bruhathkayosaurus may have been the largest dinosaur of all. | ||
Campylodoniscus Campylodoniscus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Argentina.The type species was first named and described by Friedrich von Huene in 1929 as Campylodon ameghinoi, the genus name meaning 'bent tooth', from Greek καμπυλος, 'bent' or 'curved' and ὀδών... |
Argentina | |||
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Grès à Reptiles Grès à Reptiles Grès à Reptiles is a French fossil site in the département of Var preserving the remains of several types of dinosaurs and other extinct organisms.-Vertebrate paleofauna:... , France; Spain |
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India | |||
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India | |||
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South America | |||
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Romania | |||
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Mongolia | |||
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Argentina, Uruguay | |||
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Lameta Formation Lameta Formation The Lameta Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, India. It is of Maastrichtian age , and is notable for its dinosaur fossils... , India |
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SquamatesSquamataSquamata, or the scaled reptiles, is the largest recent order of reptiles, including lizards and snakes. Members of the order are distinguished by their skins, which bear horny scales or shields. They also possess movable quadrate bones, making it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the...
Squamates of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Goronyosaurus Goronyosaurus nigeriensis is a species of crocodile-like mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Sokoto State, Niger and northwestern Nigeria.-External links:*...
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Platecarpus Platecarpus is an extinct genus of aquatic lizard belonging to the mosasaur family, living around 75 million years ago during the end of the Cretaceous period. Fossils have been found in Belgium and the United States as well as a possible specimen in Africa. Platecarpus probably fed on fish,... |
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†TheropodsTheropodaTheropoda is both a suborder of bipedal saurischian dinosaurs, and a clade consisting of that suborder and its descendants . Dinosaurs belonging to the suborder theropoda were primarily carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved herbivory, omnivory, and insectivory...
†Non-avian Paraphyly A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants... theropods Theropoda Theropoda is both a suborder of bipedal saurischian dinosaurs, and a clade consisting of that suborder and its descendants . Dinosaurs belonging to the suborder theropoda were primarily carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved herbivory, omnivory, and insectivory... of the Maastrichtian |
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Nemegt Formation Nemegt Formation The Nemegt Formation is a geological formation dating from the Late Cretaceous sedimentary from the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. It overlies and sometimes forms folds with the Barun Goyot Formation. It consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, birds and a... , Mongolia |
Dromaeosaurid dinosaur, probably 2.5 meters long; unique in having relatively small sickle claws on its hind feet. |
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Alberta, Saskatchewan, Canada; Mexico; Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, Wyoming | |||
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Nemegt Formation Nemegt Formation The Nemegt Formation is a geological formation dating from the Late Cretaceous sedimentary from the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. It overlies and sometimes forms folds with the Barun Goyot Formation. It consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, birds and a... , Mongolia |
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A poorly known genus of Mongolia Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest... n predatory troodontid of about six feet in length. The genus gets its name from creatures known as "borogoves" in the Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson , better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll , was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, as well as the poems "The Hunting of the... poem Jabberwocky Jabberwocky "Jabberwocky" is a nonsense verse poem written by Lewis Carroll in his 1872 novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, a sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland... . Known only from a partial set of hind limbs. |
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Formerly believed to be a giant owl Owl Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order Strigiformes, constituting 200 bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions . Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish... , its scientific name means "Evil Slowleg". Found in Transylvania Transylvania Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical... , the allusion to Count Dracula Count Dracula Count Dracula is a fictional character, the titular antagonist of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula and archetypal vampire. Some aspects of his character have been inspired by the 15th century Romanian general and Wallachian Prince Vlad III the Impaler... would seem deliberate. |
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A large Argentinian predator that attained lengths of up to 10 m (30 ft), Carnotaurus is notable for its short snout, the horns above its eyes and its somewhat vestigial forelimbs. Known from a single complete specimen which had skin impressions preserved that showed it had no feathers. | |||
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Deinocheirus Deinocheirus is a genus of large theropod dinosaur, possibly an ornithomimosaurian, which lived in what is now southern Mongolia, during the late Cretaceous Period .-Discovery and naming:... |
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May be a juvenile Tyrannosaurus or other tyrannosaurid. | |||
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Paronychodon Paronychodon was a theropod dinosaur genus. It is a tooth taxon, considered dubious because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, which include "buckets" of teeth but no other remains... |
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Saurornitholestes Saurornitholestes is a genus of carnivorous dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Montana and New Mexico.... |
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Struthiomimus Struthiomimus is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. It was a long-legged, ostrich-like dinosaur.The bipedal Struthiomimus stood about long and tall at the hips and weighed around... |
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TurtleTurtleTurtles are reptiles of the order Testudines , characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield...
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Testudines of the Maastrichtian | ||||
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Pneumatoarthrus Pneumatoarthrus is a Cretaceous sea turtle first identified by Edward Drinker Cope as a hadrosaur in 1870. The fossils were found in the chalk beds of Kansas. It may be synonymous with the better known Atlantochelys, and therefore a close relative of the giant sea turtle Archelon.-References:Baird,...
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Kansas Kansas Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south... |
A Kansan genus of sea turtle Sea turtle Sea turtles are marine reptiles that inhabit all of the world's oceans except the Arctic.-Distribution:... mistakenly believed to be a hadrosaur by Edward Drinker Cope Edward Drinker Cope Edward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen... . The only known species of Pneumatoarthrus to date. |
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See also
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
- Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event