Flute method
Encyclopedia
In music, a Flute method is a kind of specific textbook
style manual for playing the flute
. It usually contains fingering
charts and/or scales
and numerous different exercises, sometimes also simple etude
s, in different key
s, in ascending order as to difficulty (= in methodical progression) or with a focus on isolated aspects like fluency, rhythm
, dynamics
, articulation
and the like. Sometimes there are duets or even recital
pieces, also with accompaniment. Such methods differ from etude books in that they are meant as a linear course for a student to follow, with consistent guidance, whereas volumes of etudes are not as comprehensive.
As typical instrumental methods are meant to function as textbooks supporting an instrumental teacher (rather than to facilitate self-teaching), usually no basic or special playing techniques are covered in any depth. Detailed instructions in this respect are only found in special, autodidactical
methods.
Some methods are specially tailored for students on certain skill
levels or stages of psychosocial development
. In contrast, a 'complete' method (sometimes in multiple volumes) is meant to accompany the student until he or she becomes an advanced player.
Methods of certain authors or editors have achieved the status of standard works (reflecting regional and cultural differences) and are published or reissued by different publishing
companies and often in new layouts or arrangement
s. The Suzuki Method
is one of the most well known examples of this.
The following is a list of various methods of historical interest.
Textbook
A textbook or coursebook is a manual of instruction in any branch of study. Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions...
style manual for playing the flute
Western concert flute
The Western concert flute is a transverse woodwind instrument made of metal or wood. It is the most common variant of the flute. A musician who plays the flute is called a flautist, flutist, or flute player....
. It usually contains fingering
Fingering
In music, fingering is the choice of which fingers and hand positions to use when playing certain musical instruments. Fingering typically changes throughout a piece; the challenge of choosing good fingering for a piece is to make the hand movements as comfortable as possible without changing hand...
charts and/or scales
Musical scale
In music, a scale is a sequence of musical notes in ascending and descending order. Most commonly, especially in the context of the common practice period, the notes of a scale will belong to a single key, thus providing material for or being used to conveniently represent part or all of a musical...
and numerous different exercises, sometimes also simple etude
Étude
An étude , is an instrumental musical composition, most commonly of considerable difficulty, usually designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular technical skill. The tradition of writing études emerged in the early 19th century with the rapidly growing popularity of the piano...
s, in different key
Key (music)
In music theory, the term key is used in many different and sometimes contradictory ways. A common use is to speak of music as being "in" a specific key, such as in the key of C major or in the key of F-sharp. Sometimes the terms "major" or "minor" are appended, as in the key of A minor or in the...
s, in ascending order as to difficulty (= in methodical progression) or with a focus on isolated aspects like fluency, rhythm
Rhythm
Rhythm may be generally defined as a "movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions." This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time may be applied to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or...
, dynamics
Dynamics (music)
In music, dynamics normally refers to the volume of a sound or note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece, either stylistic or functional . The term is also applied to the written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics...
, articulation
Articulation (music)
In music, articulation refers to the musical direction performance technique which affects the transition or continuity on a single note or between multiple notes or sounds.- Types of articulations :...
and the like. Sometimes there are duets or even recital
Recital
A recital is a musical performance. It can highlight a single performer, sometimes accompanied by piano, or a performance of the works of a single composer.The invention of the solo piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt....
pieces, also with accompaniment. Such methods differ from etude books in that they are meant as a linear course for a student to follow, with consistent guidance, whereas volumes of etudes are not as comprehensive.
As typical instrumental methods are meant to function as textbooks supporting an instrumental teacher (rather than to facilitate self-teaching), usually no basic or special playing techniques are covered in any depth. Detailed instructions in this respect are only found in special, autodidactical
Autodidacticism
Autodidacticism is self-education or self-directed learning. In a sense, autodidacticism is "learning on your own" or "by yourself", and an autodidact is a person who teaches him or herself something. The term has its roots in the Ancient Greek words αὐτός and διδακτικός...
methods.
Some methods are specially tailored for students on certain skill
Skill
A skill is the learned capacity to carry out pre-determined results often with the minimum outlay of time, energy, or both. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills...
levels or stages of psychosocial development
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development as articulated by Erik Erikson explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful...
. In contrast, a 'complete' method (sometimes in multiple volumes) is meant to accompany the student until he or she becomes an advanced player.
Methods of certain authors or editors have achieved the status of standard works (reflecting regional and cultural differences) and are published or reissued by different publishing
Publishing
Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of literature or information—the activity of making information available to the general public...
companies and often in new layouts or arrangement
Arrangement
The American Federation of Musicians defines arranging as "the art of preparing and adapting an already written composition for presentation in other than its original form. An arrangement may include reharmonization, paraphrasing, and/or development of a composition, so that it fully represents...
s. The Suzuki Method
Suzuki method
The Suzuki method is a method of teaching music that emerged in the mid-20th century.-Background:The Suzuki Method was conceived in the mid-20th century by Shin'ichi Suzuki, a Japanese violinist who desired to bring beauty to the lives of children in his country after the devastation of World War II...
is one of the most well known examples of this.
The following is a list of various methods of historical interest.
18th Century
- Quantz, Johann JoachimJohann Joachim QuantzJohann Joachim Quantz was a German flutist, flute maker and composer.-Biography:Quantz was born in Oberscheden, near Göttingen, Germany, and died in Potsdam....
. Versuch einer anweisung die flöte traversiere zu spielen. (1752) - Tromlitz, Johann GeorgeJohann George TromlitzJohann George Tromlitz , born at Reinsdorf, near Artern, Germany, was a flautist, flute maker and composer.-External links:*...
. Unterricht der flöte zu spielen. (1791)
19th Century
- Altes, Henry. Method for the Boehm flute.
- Berbiguier, Benoit Tranquille. Flute method.
- Dressler, Rafael. New and complete instructions for the flute, Op. 68. (1827)
- Drouet, Louis. Method of flute playing. (1830)
- Fürstenau, Anton BernhardAnton Bernhard FürstenauAnton Bernhard Fürstenau was a German flutist and composer. He was the most famous virtuoso in Germany on his instrument and the most important Romantic flutist of the first half of the nineteenth century...
. Flöten-schule, Op. 42. (1826) - Fürstenau, Anton Bernhard. Die kunst des flötenspiels, Op.138. (1844)
- Hugot and Wunderlich. Méthode de flûte. (1804)
- Lindsay, Thomas. The elements of flute-playing. (1830)
- Monzani, Tebaldo. Instructions for the german flute. (1801)
- Peraut, Mathieu. Méthode pour la flûte. (1800)
- Soussmann, Heinrich. Complete method for flute.
- Wagner, Ernest. Foundation to flute playing.
Early 20th centry
- Taffanel, Paul and Gaubert, PhilippePhilippe GaubertPhilippe Gaubert was a French musician who was a distinguished performer on the flute, a respected conductor, and a composer, primarily for the flute....
. Methode complete de flute. (1923)
Mid to Late 20th Century
- Suzuki, ShinichiShinichi Suzukiwas the inventor of the international Suzuki method of music education. Considered an influential and controversial pedagogue, he often spoke of the ability of all children to learn things well, in the right environment.- Biography :...
and Takahashi, Toshio The Suzuki MethodSuzuki methodThe Suzuki method is a method of teaching music that emerged in the mid-20th century.-Background:The Suzuki Method was conceived in the mid-20th century by Shin'ichi Suzuki, a Japanese violinist who desired to bring beauty to the lives of children in his country after the devastation of World War II...
for flute. (c.1972)
See also
- Method (music)Method (music)In music, a method is a kind of textbook for a specified musical instrument or a selected problem of playing a certain instrument.A method usually contains fingering charts or tablatures, etc., scales and numerous different exercises, sometimes also simple etudes, in different keys, in ascending...
- FluteFluteThe flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening...
- Western concert fluteWestern concert fluteThe Western concert flute is a transverse woodwind instrument made of metal or wood. It is the most common variant of the flute. A musician who plays the flute is called a flautist, flutist, or flute player....
- Suzuki methodSuzuki methodThe Suzuki method is a method of teaching music that emerged in the mid-20th century.-Background:The Suzuki Method was conceived in the mid-20th century by Shin'ichi Suzuki, a Japanese violinist who desired to bring beauty to the lives of children in his country after the devastation of World War II...
- Music educationMusic educationMusic education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music. It touches on all domains of learning, including the psychomotor domain , the cognitive domain , and, in particular and significant ways,the affective domain, including music appreciation and sensitivity...