Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle
Encyclopedia
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
, KT
Order of the Thistle
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order...
, PC (28 May 1748 – 4 September 1825) was a British
Kingdom of Great Britain
The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign...
diplomat and the son of Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle
Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle
Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle KG , styled Viscount Morpeth until 1738 was a British peer and Whig politician....
and his second wife Isabella Byron.
His mother was a daughter of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron
William Byron, 4th Baron Byron
William Byron, 4th Baron Byron was Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Prince George of Denmark.-Life:Byron was the son of William Byron, 3rd Baron Byron and the Hon. Elizabeth Chaworth...
and his wife Hon. Frances Berkeley, a descendant of John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton
John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton
John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton was an English royalist soldier. From 1648 he was closely associated with James, Duke of York, and rose to prominence, fortune and fame.-First English Civil War:...
. She was also a sister of William Byron, 5th Baron Byron
William Byron, 5th Baron Byron
William Byron, 5th Baron Byron , also known as "the Wicked Lord" and "the Devil Byron", was the poet George Gordon Byron's great uncle. He was the son of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and his wife Hon...
and a great-aunt of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, later George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron Byron, FRS , commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was a British poet and a leading figure in the Romantic movement...
, the poet. In 1798, Carlisle was appointed guardian to Lord Byron who later lampooned him in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.
Career
During his youth Carlisle was mentored by George Selwyn and was chiefly known as a man of pleasure and fashion. He was created a Knight of the Thistle in 1767. After he had reached thirty years of age, his appointment on a CommissionCarlisle Peace Commission
The Carlisle Peace Commission was a group of British negotiators who were sent to North America in 1778, during the American War of Independence, with an offer to the rebellious Thirteen Colonies, who had declared themselves to be the United States, of self-rule within the British Empire...
sent out by Frederick North, Lord North
Frederick North, Lord North
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford, KG, PC , more often known by his courtesy title, Lord North, which he used from 1752 until 1790, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most of the American War of Independence...
to attempt a reconciliation with the Thirteen Colonies
Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were English and later British colonies established on the Atlantic coast of North America between 1607 and 1733. They declared their independence in the American Revolution and formed the United States of America...
during the American War of Independence was received with sneers by the opposition. The failure of the embassy was not due to any incapacity on the part of the earl, but to the unpopularity of the government from which it received its authority. He was, indeed, considered to have displayed so much ability that he was entrusted with the viceroyalty of Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
in 1780.
The time was one of the greatest difficulty; for while the calm of the country was disturbed by the American rebellion, it was drained of regular troops, and large bands of volunteers not under the control of the government had been formed. Nevertheless, the two years of Carlisle's rule passed in quietness and prosperity, and the institution of a national bank and other measures which he effected left permanently beneficial results upon the commerce of the island. In 1789, in the discussions as to the regency, Carlisle took a prominent part on the side of the prince of Wales
George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...
.
In 1791 he opposed William Pitt the Younger
William Pitt the Younger
William Pitt the Younger was a British politician of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He became the youngest Prime Minister in 1783 at the age of 24 . He left office in 1801, but was Prime Minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806...
's policy of resistance to the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
by Imperial Russia; but on the outbreak of the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
he left the opposition and vigorously maintained the cause of war. He resigned from the Order of the Thistle and was created a Knight of the Garter in 1793. In 1815 he opposed the enactment of the Corn Laws
Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were trade barriers designed to protect cereal producers in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland against competition from less expensive foreign imports between 1815 and 1846. The barriers were introduced by the Importation Act 1815 and repealed by the Importation Act 1846...
; but from this time till his death, he took no important part in public life.
In 1798 he was one of the syndicate who bought the Orleans Collection
Orleans Collection
The Orleans Collection was a very important collection of over 500 paintings formed by the French prince of the blood Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, mostly acquired between about 1700 and his death in 1723...
of paintings, many of which remain in Castle Howard.
Literary works
Carlisle was the author of some political tracts, a number of poems, and two tragedies:- Poems, London, 1773
- The Father's Revenge (a tragedy in five acts), London, 1783
- To Sir J. Reynolds, (verses), London, 1790
- A Letter to Earl FitzWilliam, London, 1795
- The Crisis, London, 1798
- Unite or Fall, London, 1798
- The Stepmother, (a tragedy), London, 1800
- The Tragedies and Poems of Frederick, Earl of Carlisle, London, 1801
- Verses on the Death on Lord Nelson, London, 1806
- Thoughts on the present Condition of the Stage, London, 1808
- Miscellanies, London, 1820
Marriage and children
On 22 March 1770, Frederick married Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower (d. 27 Jan 1824). Margaret was a daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of StaffordGranville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford
Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford PC , known as Viscount Trentham from 1746 to 1754 and as The Earl Gower from 1754 to 1786, was a British politician.-Background:...
and his wife Louisa, who was in turn daughter of Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater
Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater
Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater , known as Viscount Brackley from 1687 to 1701 and as the Earl of Bridgewater from 1701 to 1720, was a British peer and courtier...
.
They were parents to ten children:
- Lady Isabella Caroline Howard (1771–1848), married John Campbell, 1st Baron CawdorJohn Campbell, 1st Baron CawdorJohn Campbell of Cawdor, 1st Baron Cawdor of Castlemartin was the son of Pryse Campbell and Sarah Bacon.He married Lady Isabella Caroline Howard, daughter of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle and Lady Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower, on 28 July 1789...
on 27 July 1789 and had issue - George Howard, 6th Earl of CarlisleGeorge Howard, 6th Earl of CarlisleGeorge Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle KG, PC, FRS , styled Viscount Morpeth until 1825, was a British statesman...
(1773–1848), married and had issue - Lady Charlotte Howard (born and died in 1774).
- Lady Susan Maria Howard (1776–1783)
- Lady Louisa Howard (1778–1781)
- Lady Elizabeth Howard (13 November 1780 – 29 November 1825), married John Manners, 5th Duke of RutlandJohn Manners, 5th Duke of RutlandJohn Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, KG , styled Lord Roos from 1778 until 1779 and Marquess of Granby from 1779 until 1787, was a British peer....
on 22 April 1799 and had issue - Hon. William Howard (1781–1843), Member of Parliament
- Lady Gertrude Howard (1783–1870), married William Sloane-Stanley on 23 June 1806 and had issue
- Maj. Hon. Frederick Howard (6 December 1785 – 18 June 1815), killed at WaterlooBattle of WaterlooThe Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
, married Frances Susan Lambton and had issue, including Frederick John HowardFrederick John HowardFrederick John Howard , was a British Member of Parliament.Howard was the eldest son of Major the Hon. Frederick Howard, third son of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. His mother was Susan Lambton, daughter of William Henry Lambton. His father was killed at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. His... - Hon. Henry Edward John Howard (1795–1868), married and had issue