The 2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary was the first open primary

Open primary

An open primary is a primary election that does not require voters to be affiliated with a political party in order to vote for partisan candidates. In a traditional open primary, voters may select one party's ballot and vote for that party's nomination. As in a closed primary, the highest voted...

 (primaires citoyennes) of the French Socialist Party and Radical Party of the Left for selecting their candidate for the 2012 presidential election

French presidential election, 2012

The 2012 French presidential election is the next presidential election, to be held on 22 April and 6 May 2012, the latter being used for a run-off if necessary...

. The filing deadline for primary nomination papers was fixed at 13 July 2011 and six candidates competed in the first round of the vote. On election day, 9 October 2011, no candidate won 50 percent of the vote, and the two candidates with the most votes contested a runoff election on 16 October 2011: François Hollande

François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Hollande is a French politician. From 1997 to 2008, he was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. He has also served as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France, representing the first constituency of Corrèze, since 1997. He previously represented that seat...

 won the primary, defeating Martine Aubry

Martine Aubry

Martine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...

.

Background

After the Socialist Party presidential primary of 1995

French Socialist Party presidential primary, 1995

The 1995 Socialist party presidential primary was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 1995 French presidential election....

 and the Socialist Party presidential primary of 2006

French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2006

The 2006 Socialist party presidential primary was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 2007 French presidential election....

 restricted to active members of the French Socialist Party, the principle of an primary open to all supporters of the Left

Left-wing politics

In politics, Left, left-wing and leftist generally refer to support for social change to create a more egalitarian society...

 for the 2012 race for presidency was approved by the members of the Socialist Party in October 2009.

Involvement of Dominique Strauss-Kahn

At the beginning of May 2011, Dominique Strauss-Kahn

Dominique Strauss-Kahn

Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn , often referred to in the media, and by himself, as DSK, is a French economist, lawyer, politician, and member of the French Socialist Party...

, at that time managing director of the International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...

 (IMF), was the opinion polls' clear favorite to become the Socialist Party candidate for the 2012 French presidential election, as well as for winning the presidency itself. There was controversy over the so-called Porschegate affair when he was pictured stepping into a €100,000 Porsche car, giving rise to criticism of his affluent life-style and to accusations of "champagne socialism

Champagne socialist

Champagne socialist is a pejorative political term originating in the United Kingdom. The phrase is used to describe self identified socialists whose comfortable upper middle class lifestyles are perceived to be incompatible with their professed political convictions...

", nevertheless it seemed certain that he would return to France and bid for the presidency in 2012.

However, on 14 May 2011, Strauss-Kahn was arrested in New York on charges of the sexual assault and attempted rape

Dominique Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case

New York v. Strauss-Kahn was a criminal case relating to allegations of sexual assault and attempted rape made by a hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, against Dominique Strauss-Kahn at the Sofitel New York Hotel on May 14, 2011. The charges were dismissed at the request of the prosecution which pointed...

 of a hotel room attendant. He was obliged to resign his IMF post and it was accepted at the time that he could not be expected to take any part in the Socialist Party primary.

Nevertheless, on 1 July 2011, there came a marked sea-change in Strauss-Kahn's fortunes when he was released on his own recognizance from house-arrest and bail at a court-hearing requested by the prosecution. This followed a letter sent by the New York District Attorney to Strauss-Kahn's defence lawyers disclosing information about the room attendant which appeared to call into question her credibility.

Strauss-Kahn's release led to immediate speculation of an eventual return to politics, perhaps even participation in the primary. The Paris politician and advocate of gender equality

Gender equality

Gender equality is the goal of the equality of the genders, stemming from a belief in the injustice of myriad forms of gender inequality.- Concept :...

 Michèle Sabban asked that the primary be suspended to discuss the possibility of Strauss-Kahn's participation.

At 13 July 2011, the closing date for nominations, Strauss-Kahn had still to declare his candidacy.

The charges against Strauss-Kahn were dismissed on 23 August 2011. The prevailing view in the media was that he nevertheless could not make an immediate return to politics and his chances of being nominated as the 2012 Socialist candidate were effectively dead. An opinion poll conducted by CSA on 23/24 August showed that 80% of the French people (77% amongst supporters of the Left) did not want Strauss-Kahn to contest the Socialist candidacy, while a majority further did not want him to play any part in the forthcoming presidential election or to participate in any eventual Socialist government.

Given the impact of Strauss-Kahn's arrest, it is curious that the number, 2806, of his hotel suite coincided with the date 28 June (28/06) when nominations for the candidacy were to open. The coincidence was immediately picked up by bloggers and even alluded to by his friend and defender Bernard-Henri Lévy

Bernard-Henri Lévy

Bernard-Henri Lévy is a French public intellectual, philosopher and journalist. Often referred to today, in France, simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" movement in 1976.-Early life:...

, the French philosopher and public intellectual.

On 18 September 2011, in a televised interview, Strauss-Kahn confirmed he would not be a candidate and would not play any role in the Socialist primaries.

Calendar

Nominations for the candidacy were opened on 28 June 2011 and closed on 13 July 2011, with first round election to take place on 9 October 2011 and potential second round election on 16 October 2011 (respectively 8 October 2011 and 15 October 2011 for French territories in the Americas and the Eastern Pacific).

Conditions

Unlike previous Socialist Party primaries, this was the first primary to be open to the general public. In order to participate to the open primary, voters had to meet the following conditions:

• be registered in the French electoral lists before 31 December 2010 (or for French persons under 18: be 18 at the time of the 2012 presidential election, or be a member of Socialist Party (PS), Radical Party of the Left (PRG), Young Socialist Movement
  Young Socialist Movement
  The Movement of the Young Socialists or simply Jeunes Socialistes is the youth organisation of the French social-democratic Socialist Party....
  
   (MJS), or Young Radicals of the Left
  Young Radicals of the Left
  The Young Radicals of the Left , are the youth organisation of the french social-liberal Radical Party of the Left...
  
   (JRG); foreigners will be able to vote if they are members of PS, PRG, MJS, or JRG);
• pay a contribution of minimum €1;
• sign a charter pledging to the values of the Left: "freedom, equality, fraternity, secularism, justice, solidarity and progress".

Candidates

The following candidates participated in the open primary:

Name, age		Details and notes
	Martine Aubry Martine Aubry Martine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...   (campaign Martine Aubry presidential campaign, 2012 First Secretary of the Socialist Party Martine Aubry began a campaign for the Socialist Party and Radical Party of Left presidential primary, 2011 for President of France in June 2011. Aubry announced she was running for president during a meeting in former train station of Lille-Saint-Sauveur held... )	Mayor of Lille Lille Lille is a city in northern France . It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium... Former minister and Deputy Prime Minister in Lionel Jospin's Lionel Jospin Lionel Jospin is a French politician, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.Jospin was the Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995...  cabinet Party leader In 2010 the principal contenders, Martine Aubry Martine Aubry Martine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001... , Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius is a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. He was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, so far, the youngest Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic.-Early life:...  and Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn , often referred to in the media, and by himself, as DSK, is a French economist, lawyer, politician, and member of the French Socialist Party... , agreed between themselves the so-called "Marrakech pact" (pacte de>Marrakech) whereby each undertook eventually to give way to the candidate best placed in the opinion polls, which at that time was Strauss-Kahn. The final candidate would be announced a few days before the deadline for nominations, towards the end of June 2011. On , Le Nouvel Observateur Le Nouvel Observateur Le Nouvel Observateur is a weekly French newsmagazine. Based in Paris, it is the most prominent French general information magazine in terms of audience and circulation .... reported that Aubry had told her closest supporters she would not be putting her name forward and would support Strauss-Kahn, the clear favorite in the opinions polls. Aubry denied the story, visibly upset, saying that France expected something different. Several days later, Stauss-Kahn's arrest on charges of sexual assault and attempted rape Dominique Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case New York v. Strauss-Kahn was a criminal case relating to allegations of sexual assault and attempted rape made by a hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, against Dominique Strauss-Kahn at the Sofitel New York Hotel on May 14, 2011. The charges were dismissed at the request of the prosecution which pointed...  revived interest in her candidacy. On Aubry said she would accept her responsibilities when the time came, without nevertheless putting her name forward at the same time. Aubry officially declared her candidacy on , the day nominations opened. Support Fmr. Prime Ministers : Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius is a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. He was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, so far, the youngest Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic.-Early life:... , Pierre Mauroy Pierre Mauroy Pierre Mauroy is a French Socialist politician and former Prime Minister under François Mitterrand . Mauroy also served as Mayor of Lille from 1973 to 2001. Mauroy is currently emeritus mayor of Lille.-Biography:... ; Fmr. Ministers : Claude Bartolone Claude Bartolone Claude Bartolone is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-Political career:Governmental functions... , Robert Chapuis, Jacques Delors Jacques Delors Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office .-French Politics:... , Tony Dreyfus Tony Dreyfus Tony Dreyfus is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the city of Paris, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Henri Emmanuelli Henri Emmanuelli Henri Emmanuelli is a French politician.A member of the Socialist Party , he has been deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and since 2000.-Biography:... , Jean Glavany Jean Glavany Jean Glavany is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party and former Minister.From 1981 to 1988, he was head of cabinet of President François Mitterrand . He was then Minister of Agriculture in the Plural Left government of Lionel Jospin... , Élisabeth Guigou Élisabeth Guigou Élisabeth Guigou is a French Socialist politician.-Biography:After attending ENA, France's elite graduate school of public affairs, she worked on Jacques Delors' staff in 1982 before being hired by Hubert Védrine in François Mitterrand's... , Charles Josselin, Jack Lang Jack Lang (French politician) Jack Mathieu Émile Lang is a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party, he served as France's Minister of Culture from 1981 to 1986 and 1988 to 1992, and as Minister of Education from 1992 to 1993 and 2000 to 2002. He was also the Mayor of Blois from 1989 to 2000... , Marylise Lebranchu Marylise Lebranchu Marylise Lebranchu is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Finistère department, and is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group.-References:... , Marie-Noëlle Lienemann Marie-Noëlle Lienemann Marie-Noëlle Lienemann is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the North West of France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. She studied at the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan .-References:... , Martin Malvy Martin Malvy Martin Malvy is a French politician. He is a member of the Socialist Party.In 1992, he was the spokesmen of the French government. Between 1992 and 1993, he was Minister of Budget. He is president of the Région Midi-Pyrénées since 1998.-External links:... , Alain Richard Alain Richard Alain Richard, born on 29 August 1945, in Paris, is a French politician. An alumnus of the Ecole nationale d'administration, he was mayor of Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône and member of the French parliament, elected in Val d'Oise. A member of the French socialist party and ally of Lionel Jospin, he was the... , René Souchon René Souchon René Souchon is the regional president of the French region of Auvergne. He was first elected in 2006. He is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:... , Catherine Tasca Catherine Tasca Catherine Tasca is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yvelines department. She is a member of the Socialist Party; she currently serves as the Senate's vice-president. From 2000 to 2002 she was Minister of Culture in France. She is the daughter of Angelo Tasca a former italian... ; MP's, mayors and presidents of regional or general councils : Jean-Claude Antonini, Alain Anziani Alain Anziani Alain Anziani is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Gironde department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:*... , Arlette Arnaud-Landau, David Assouline David Assouline David Assouline is a member of the Senate of France, representing the city of Paris. First elected to the Senate on 26 September 2004, he is a member of the Socialist Party... , Jacques Auxiette Jacques Auxiette Jacques Auxiette is a French politician, and is the current Regional Council President for the Pays de la Loire region in France. Auxiette has been president since 2004, and was re-elected to the office in the March 2010 council elections... , Gérard Bapt Gérard Bapt Gérard Bapt is a French politician, a member of the French Socialist Party and an heart specialist. He is a deputy for Haute-Garonne, elected in 1997, reelected in 2002 and in 2007.-External links:*... , Christian Bataille Christian Bataille Christian Bataille is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Marie-Noëlle Battistel, Laurent Beauvais Laurent Beauvais Laurent Beauvais is a French politician and the incumbent President of the Regional Council of Basse-Normandie. He is a member of the Socialist Party.... , Gisèle Biémouret Gisèle Biémouret Gisèle Biémouret is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Gers department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-External links:* *... , Patrick Bloche Patrick Bloche Patrick Bloche is a French politician from the Socialist Party.-References:... , Jean-Michel Boucheron Jean-Michel Boucheron Jean-Michel Boucheron may refer to:*Jean-Michel Boucheron , current member of the National Assembly of France, from Ille-et-Vilaine... , Christophe Bouillon Christophe Bouillon Christophe Bouillon is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Maritime department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean-Claude Boulard, François Brottes François Brottes François Brottes is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Isère department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. He's also mayor of Crolles.-References:... , Jean-Michel Boucheron Jean-Michel Boucheron Jean-Michel Boucheron may refer to:*Jean-Michel Boucheron , current member of the National Assembly of France, from Ille-et-Vilaine... , Pierre Bourguignon Pierre Bourguignon Pierre Bourguignon is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Maritime department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-Personal life:... , Pascal Buchet, Jean-Christophe Cambadélis Jean-Christophe Cambadélis Jean-Christophe Cambadélis is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the city of Paris, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Alain Cacheux Alain Cacheux Alain Cacheux is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean-Paul Chanteguet Jean-Paul Chanteguet Jean-Paul Chanteguet is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Indre department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. He is particularly engaged on environmental issues.-References:... , Gilles Cocquempot Gilles Cocquempot Gilles Cocquempot is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Pas-de-Calais department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Pierre Cohen Pierre Cohen Pierre Cohen is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Haute-Garonne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche group.... , Catherine Coutelle Catherine Coutelle Catherine Coutelle is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the 2nd constituency of the Vienne department, and is a member of the Socialist Party, which sits with the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left group in the Assembly.-References:... , Pascale Crozon Pascale Crozon Pascale Crozon is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Rhône department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Daniel Delaveau Daniel Delaveau Daniel Delaveau is a French politician and incumbent Mayor of Rennes. He is a member of the Socialist Party.... , François Deluga François Deluga François Deluga is a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the 8th constituency of Gironde.... , Gilles Demailly, Harlem Désir Harlem Désir Harlem Désir is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France since 1999. He is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.... , Michel Destot Michel Destot Michel Destot is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Isère department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. He has been the mayor of Grenoble since 1995.-References:... , Michel Dinet, Jean-Pierre Dufau Jean-Pierre Dufau Jean-Pierre Dufau is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Landes department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Marie-Marguerite Dufay Marie-Marguerite Dufay Marie-Marguerite Dufay best known as Marie-Guite Dufay is the incumbent president of the Franche-Comté Regional Council. She won the nomination to be the next socialist candidate for President of Franche-Comté in 2010.... , Laurence Dumont Laurence Dumont Laurence Dumont is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Calvados department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean-Louis Dumont Jean-Louis Dumont Jean-Louis Dumont is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Meuse department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Yves Durand, Philippe Duron Philippe Duron Philippe Duron is a French politician. He is mayor of Caen and deputy for Caen-Ouest.Philippe Duron was born June 19, 1947 in Antony . He received a degree in history in 1975 and was a teacher until 1997. His political models are Pierre Mendès-France and François Mitterrand... , Olivier Dussopt Olivier Dussopt Olivier Dussopt is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the second legislative district of the Ardèche department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.... , Christian Eckert Christian Eckert Christian Eckert is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Corinne Erhel Corinne Erhel Corinne Erhel is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Côtes-d'Armor department, and is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group.-Biography:Graduate of the unstitute of advanced studies of rural law and... , Martine Faure Martine Faure Martine Faure is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the 9th constituency of the Gironde department, and is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:... , Hervé Féron Hervé Féron Hervé Féron is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group.-References:... , Pierre Forgues Pierre Forgues Pierre Forgues is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Hautes-Pyrénées department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean Gaubert Jean Gaubert Jean Gaubert is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Côtes-d'Armor department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Catherine Génisson Catherine Génisson Catherine Génisson is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Pas-de-Calais department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Samia Ghali Samia Ghali Samia Ghali is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Bouches-du-Rhône department. She is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:*... , Daniel Goldberg Daniel Goldberg Daniel Goldberg is a French Socialist politician. A mathematics teacher, he was elected deputy in 2007 to represent La Courneuve.-External links:... , David Habib David Habib David Habib is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Adeline Hazan Adeline Hazan Adeline Hazan is a French politician, Member of the European Parliament for the east of France, and mayor of Reims since March 2008.... , Jean-Paul Huchon Jean-Paul Huchon Jean-Paul Huchon is a civil administrator and French politician. Mayor of Conflans-Sainte-Honorine from 1994 to 2001, he is the President of the regional council for Île-de-France since 1998.- Biography :... , Liem Hoang Ngoc Liêm Hoang Ngoc Liêm Hoang Ngoc is a French economist and Member of the European Parliament elected in the 2009 European election for the East France constituency.... , Sandrine Hurel Sandrine Hurel Sandrine Hurel is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Seine-Maritime department, and is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group.-References:... , Jean-Louis Idiart Jean-Louis Idiart Jean-Louis Idiart is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Haute-Garonne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Françoise Imbert Françoise Imbert Françoise Imbert is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Haute-Garonne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Michel Issindou Michel Issindou Michel Issindou is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Isère department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Serge Janquin Serge Janquin Serge Janquin is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Pas-de-Calais department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Henri Jibrayel Henri Jibrayel Henri Jibrayel, , is a French politician with Lebanese and Assyrian roots.His father was an Assyrian survivor of the Assyrian genocide who had taken refuge with his parents in a Beirut slum. He married in 1938 a Maronite young woman from Bkassine , then joined the Free French Forces after De... , Régis Juanico Régis Juanico Régis Juanico is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Loire department, and is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group.-References:... , Marietta Karamanli Marietta Karamanli Marietta Karamanli is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Sarthe department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Conchita Lacuey Conchita Lacuey Conchita Lacuey is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Gironde department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , François Lamy François Lamy François Lamy was a French Benedictine ascetical and apologetic writer, of the Congregation of St-Maur.-Life:Lamy was born at Montireau in the Department of Eure-et-Loir. While fighting a duel, he was saved from a fatal sword-thrust by a book of the Rule of St. Benedict which he carried in his... , Philippe Lavaud, Dominique Lefebvre Dominique Lefèbvre Dominique Lefèbvre was a French missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, Bishop of Isauropolis in partibus infidelium, and Vicar Apostolic in Vietnam during the 19th century. His imprisonment in Vietnam was a pretext for the first French naval interventions in the country.Dominique... , Patrick Lemasle Patrick Lemasle Patrick Lemasle is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Haute-Garonne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.... , Catherine Lemorton Catherine Lemorton Catherine Lemorton is a French pharmacist and politician. She represents the Haute-Garonne department, and is a member of the Socialist party.... , Jean-Claude Leroy Jean-Claude Leroy Jean-Claude Leroy is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Pas-de-Calais department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , François Loncle François Loncle François Loncle is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Eure department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean Mallot Jean Mallot Jean Mallot is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the 3rd constituency of the Allier department, and is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:... , Hélène Mandroux, Marie-Lou Marcel Marie-Lou Marcel Marie-Lou Marcel is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the second constituency of the Aveyron department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-External links:* *... , Marie-Claude Marchand, Jean-René Marsac Jean-René Marsac Jean-René Marsac is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Ille-et-Vilaine department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Philippe Martin, Martine Martinel Martine Martinel Martine Martinel is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Haute-Garonne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Frédérique Massat Frédérique Massat Frédérique Massat is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Ariège department, and is a member of the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left.-References:*... , Didier Mathus Didier Mathus Didier Mathus is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Saône-et-Loire department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Alain Maurice, Rachel Mazuir Rachel Mazuir Rachel Mazuir is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Ain department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:*... , Kléber Mesquida Kléber Mesquida Kléber Mesquida is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Hérault department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean Michel, Jean-Pierre Michel Jean-Pierre Michel Jean-Pierre Michel is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute-Saône department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:*... , Pierre-Alain Muet Pierre-Alain Muet Pierre-Alain Muet is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Rhône department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Alain Néri Alain Néri Alain Néri is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Puy-de-Dôme department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Christian Paul, Germinal Peiro Germinal Peiro Germinal Peiro is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Dordogne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean-Luc Perat Jean-Luc Pérat Jean-Luc Pérat is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Marie-Line Reynaud Marie-Line Reynaud Marie-Line Reynaud is a French politician who is a deputy to the National Assembly of France for the second division of Charente départment. She was first elected in 1997, lost her seat in 2002, but regained it in 2007... , Marcel Rogemont Marcel Rogemont Marcel Rogemont is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Ille-et-Vilaine department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.- Biography :... , Catherine Tasca Catherine Tasca Catherine Tasca is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yvelines department. She is a member of the Socialist Party; she currently serves as the Senate's vice-president. From 2000 to 2002 she was Minister of Culture in France. She is the daughter of Angelo Tasca a former italian... , Michel Vergnier Michel Vergnier Michel Vergnier is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Creuse department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , André Vézinhet André Vézinhet André Vézinhet is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party.He was one of the socialists on Georges Frêche's list when the latter became Mayor of Montpellier in 1977.... , Alain Vidalies Alain Vidalies Alain Vidalies is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Landes department, and is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group.-References:... ; Others politicians : Dominique Dupilet, Benoît Hamon Benoît Hamon Benoît Hamon is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party , part of the Party of European Socialists. He was Member of the European Parliament for the East of France from 2004 to 2009. He was national secretary for Europe in the French socialist party. At present, he is spokesman... , Anne Hidalgo Anne Hidalgo Anne Hidalgo is a French politician of Spanish descent, member of the French Socialist Party since 1994. Former national secretary for culture and media, after having been responsible for providing training, she is currently the first deputy mayor of Paris, under Bertrand Delanoë... , Patrick Jeanne, Gilles Pargneaux Gilles Pargneaux Gilles Pargneaux is a French politician, Member of the European Parliament elected in the 2009 European election for the North-West constituency and leader of the PS federation in Lille... , Association des JSK ('Les jeunes avec Strauss-Kahn'); Non-political personalities : Jamel Debbouze Jamel Debbouze Jamel Debbouze is an actor, comedian and producer of Moroccan descent.-Biography:Debbouze is the oldest of five brothers. He was born in Paris, France, but his family moved to Morocco the following year... , Bernard-Henri Lévy Bernard-Henri Lévy Bernard-Henri Lévy is a French public intellectual, philosopher and journalist. Often referred to today, in France, simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" movement in 1976.-Early life:... , Karl Lagerfeld Karl Lagerfeld Karl Lagerfeld is a German fashion designer, artist and photographer based in Paris. He has collaborated on a variety of fashion and art related projects, most notably as head designer and creative director for the fashion house Chanel... , Philippe Sollers Philippe Sollers Philippe Sollers is a French writer and critic. In 1960 he founded the avant garde journal Tel Quel , published by Seuil, which ran until 1982... .
	Jean-Michel Baylet Jean-Michel Baylet Jean-Michel Baylet is a French politician, Senator, and leader of the moderate center-left Radical Party of the Left....	* President of the General Council of Tarn-et-Garonne Tarn-et-Garonne Tarn-et-Garonne is a French department in the southwest of France. It is traversed by the Rivers Tarn and Garonne, from which it takes its name.-History:... Senator Former minister President of Radical Party of the Left Jean-Michel Baylet Jean-Michel Baylet Jean-Michel Baylet is a French politician, Senator, and leader of the moderate center-left Radical Party of the Left....  officially declared his candidacy on 6 July 2011. Support Fmr. Ministers : Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg is a French politician. From 1981 to 1983 he was President of the Movement of Radicals of the Left in the French Parliament.He was born in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques.... MP's, mayors and presidents of regional or general councils : Chantal Berthelot Chantal Berthelot Chantal Berthelot is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the territory of French Guyana, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:*...  (PSG Guianese Socialist Party The Guianese Socialist Party is a political party in the French overseas région of French Guiana, in South America. The PSG is currently the majority party in the regional council of French Guiana and has one seat in the French National Assembly.... ), Gérard Charasse Gérard Charasse Gérard Charasse is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the 4th constituency of the Allier department, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:... , Paul Giacobbi Paul Giacobbi Paul Giacobbi is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Haute-Corse department, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:... , Annick Girardin Annick Girardin Annick Girardin is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:... , Joël Giraud Joël Giraud Joël Giraud is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Hautes-Alpes department, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:... , Albert Likuvalu Albert Likuvalu Albert Likuvalu is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the only constituency on the islands of Wallis and Futuna, and sits with the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left group in the Assembly....  (PS Wallis et Futuna), Jeanny Marc Jeanny Marc Jeanny Marc is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the island of Guadeloupe, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:*...  (GUSR United Guadeloupe, Socialism and Realities The United Guadeloupe, Socialism and Realities is a political party in the French département d'outre-mer of Guadeloupe. The party is close the Modern Left and has one Senator sitting in the European Democratic and Social Rally.... ), Dominique Orliac Dominique Orliac Dominique Orliac is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Lot department, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:... , Sylvia Pinel Sylvia Pinel Sylvia Pinel is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Tarn-et-Garonne department, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:... , Chantal Robin-Rodrigo Chantal Robin-Rodrigo Chantal Robin-Rodrigo is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Hautes-Pyrénées department, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left. She is of spanish origin.... , Yvon Collin Yvon Collin Yvon Collin is a member of the Senate of France. He represents the Tarn-et-Garonne department , and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... , Nicolas Alfonsi Nicolas Alfonsi Nicolas Alfonsi is a member of the Senate of France, representing the department of Corse-du-Sud. He is a member of the Radical Party of the Left, and is by profession a lawyer.-References:*... , François Vendasi François Vendasi François Vendasi is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute-Corse department. He is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... , Raymond Vall Raymond Vall Raymond Vall is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Gers department. He is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... , Anne-Marie Escoffier Anne-Marie Escoffier Anne-Marie Escoffier is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. She represents the Aveyron department and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... , François Fortassin François Fortassin François Fortassin is a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represents the Hautes-Pyrénées department and is a secretary of the Senate and a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... , Françoise Laborde Françoise Laborde Françoise Laborde is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute Garonne departement. She is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-External links:*... , Jacques Mézard Jacques Mézard Jacques Mézard is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Cantal department. He is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... , Jean Milhau Jean Milhau Jean Milhau is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Lot Département. He is a member of the Radical Party of the Left .- Biography :... , Jean-Pierre Plancade Jean-Pierre Plancade Jean-Pierre Plancade is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute-Garonne department. He is a member of the Radical Party of the Left.-References:*... . Others politicians : Non-political personalities :
	François Hollande François Hollande François Gérard Georges Hollande is a French politician. From 1997 to 2008, he was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. He has also served as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France, representing the first constituency of Corrèze, since 1997. He previously represented that seat...	President of the General Council of Corrèze Member of Parliament Former party leader François Hollande François Hollande François Gérard Georges Hollande is a French politician. From 1997 to 2008, he was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. He has also served as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France, representing the first constituency of Corrèze, since 1997. He previously represented that seat...  officially declared his candidacy on following his re-election as President of the General Council of Corrèze. During the pre-primary phase of the campaign, Hollande appeared to be the main challenger to Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn , often referred to in the media, and by himself, as DSK, is a French economist, lawyer, politician, and member of the French Socialist Party... , the opinion polls' favorite. He said he wanted to be an "ordinary president" (présiden> normal) and made several trips to the provinces. Hollande's ratings in the opinions polls were continuing to grow when Stauss-Kahn was arrested on charges of sexual assault and attempted rape Dominique Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case New York v. Strauss-Kahn was a criminal case relating to allegations of sexual assault and attempted rape made by a hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, against Dominique Strauss-Kahn at the Sofitel New York Hotel on May 14, 2011. The charges were dismissed at the request of the prosecution which pointed... . Once considered the favorite, Hollande faced a challenge from Martine Aubry's Martine Aubry Martine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...  rise in the opinion polls and over criticisms of his record as a former leader of the party and his lack of ministerial experience. Support Fmr. Prime Ministers : Fmr. Ministers : Michel Delebarre Michel Delebarre Michel Delebarre is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. He is also mayor of Dunkirk .... , Roland Dumas Roland Dumas Roland Dumas is a lawyer and French Socialist politician who served notably as Foreign Minister under President François Mitterrand from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1993... , Jean-Pierre Jouyet Jean-Pierre Jouyet -Biography:Jean-Pierre Jouyet, was born on 13 February 1954 at Montreuil-sous-Bois in the suburbs of Paris, and is a top civil servant who has also held political positions.... , Michel Sapin Michel Sapin Michel Sapin is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Indre department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-Biography:... , Catherine Trautmann Catherine Trautmann Catherine Trautmann is a former Minister of Culture of France and now Member of the European Parliament for the East of France.She was elected as mayor of Strasbourg in 1989, re-elected in 1995, then defeated in 2001.... ; MP's, mayors and presidents of regional or general councils : Kader Arif Kader Arif Kader Arif, is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-west of France. He is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade.He is also a substitute for the... , Jean-Paul Bachy Jean-Paul Bachy Jean-Paul Bachy is a French politician and the incumbent President of the Regional Council of Champagne-Ardenne. He is a member of the Socialist Party.... , Jean-Pierre Bel Jean-Pierre Bel Jean-Pierre Bel is a French politician who has been President of the Senate of France since 2011. From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008... , Claude Bérit-Débat Claude Bérit-Débat Claude Bérit-Débat is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Dordogne department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:*... , Jacques Bigot, Maryvonne Blondin Maryvonne Blondin Maryvonne Blondin is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Finistère department. She is a member of the Socialist Party.... , Jean-Paul Bret, Gérard Collomb Gérard Collomb Gérard Collomb, born on 20 June 1947 in Chalon-sur-Saône, Saône-et-Loire, is a French politician. He is an active member of the French Socialist Party and has been Mayor of Lyon since March 2001.... , Bernard Combes, François Cuillandre, Bernard Derosier Bernard Derosier Bernard Derosier is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Guy Ferez, Aurélie Filippetti Aurélie Filippetti Aurélie Filippetti is a French politician and novelist of Italian descent. Her family originates from Gualdo, Umbria.... , Ronan Kerdraon, Jean-Yves Le Drian Jean-Yves Le Drian Jean-Yves Le Drian is a socialist French politician born in Lorient, Morbihan.Le Drian is a member of the Socialist Party of France. He was a member of the French National Assembly for Morbihan from 1978 to 1993 and again from 1997 until June 2007... , Stéphane Le Foll Stéphane Le Foll Stéphane Le Foll is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the West of France. He is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists, and was first elected in 2004.... , Bruno Le Roux Bruno Le Roux Bruno Le Roux is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jacques Mahéas Jacques Mahéas Jacques Mahéas is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Seine-Saint-Denis department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.... , Michel Moyrand, Bernard Poignant Bernard Poignant Bernard Poignant is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the west of France... , François Rebsamen François Rebsamen François Rebsamen is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Côte-d'Or department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:# *... , Alain Rousset Alain Rousset Alain Rousset is the Socialist president of the Aquitaine region of France, and a Deputy in the National Assembly of France, representing the 7th constituency of the Gironde.... , André Vallini André Vallini André Vallini is a French politician. He is President of the General Council for Isère.- Notes and References :... ; Others politicians : Joël-Guy Batteux, Malek Boutih Malek Boutih Malek Boutih is a French politician. His parents were immigrants from Algeria. Since 2003, he has been the national secretary of the Socialist party in charge of social issues .... , Marie-Arlette Carlotti Marie-Arlette Carlotti Marie-Arlette Carlotti is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-east of France... , Faouzi Lamdaoui, Martine Roure Martine Roure Martine Roure is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-east of France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs.She is... . Non-political personalities :
	Arnaud Montebourg Arnaud Montebourg Arnaud Montebourg is a French politician, and a deputy of the fifth district of Saône-et-Loire to the French National Assembly for the Socialist Party. He has also been elected president of the local assembly of Saône et Loire after local elections in 2008...	President of the General Council of Saône-et-Loire Member of Parliament Party secretary responsible for renewal (chargé de la rénovation) Arnaud Montebourg Arnaud Montebourg Arnaud Montebourg is a French politician, and a deputy of the fifth district of Saône-et-Loire to the French National Assembly for the Socialist Party. He has also been elected president of the local assembly of Saône et Loire after local elections in 2008... , who as party secretary responsible for renewal set up the 2011 open primary, officially declared his candidacy on . Montebourg described his candidacy as a "program for transformation" and advocate> the establishment of a Sixth Republic. Announcing his candidacy, he said: "Faced with the wasteland that our political system has become, we must have the courage to build a new democracy that will help us achieve the change we seek. That is what I propose we should build together." Questioned on whether he would continue if Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn , often referred to in the media, and by himself, as DSK, is a French economist, lawyer, politician, and member of the French Socialist Party...  entered the race, he said he was not putting himself up against other candidates but running as a bearer of fresh ideas, adding enigmatically that if the end goal was victory, then he was a winning candidate. Support Fmr. Prime Ministers : Fmr. Ministers : MP's, mayors and presidents of regional or general councils : Geneviève Gaillard Geneviève Gaillard Geneviève Gaillard , is a French veterinary doctor, politician, member of the French Socialist Party, Socialist Party Deputy for Deux-Sèvres and, since 2008, Mayor of Niort.-Biography:... , Eric Gautier, Jean Launay Jean Launay Jean Launay is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Lot department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Gilbert Le Bris Gilbert Le Bris Gilbert Le Bris is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Finistère department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Thierry Mandon, Christiane Taubira Christiane Taubira Christiane Taubira or Christiane Taubira-Delannon is a French politician. President of her party Walwari, she has served as a deputy at the French National Assembly since 1993, and was re-elected in 1997. Non-affiliated in 1993, she then voted for the investiture of the conservative Edouard...  ; Others politicians : Non-political personalities : Emmanuel Todd Emmanuel Todd Emmanuel Todd is a French historian, anthropologist, demographer, sociologist and political scientist at the National Institute of Demographic Studies , in Paris... .
	Ségolène Royal Ségolène Royal Marie-Ségolène Royal , known as Ségolène Royal, is a French politician. She is the president of the Poitou-Charentes Regional Council, a former member of the National Assembly, a former government minister, and a prominent member of the French Socialist Party...	President of the Regional Council of Poitou-Charentes Former minister and Member of Parliament Party candidate for the 2007 French presidential election French presidential election, 2007 The 2007 French presidential election, the ninth of the Fifth French Republic was held to elect the successor to Jacques Chirac as president of France for a five-year term.The winner, decided on 5 and 6 May 2007, was Nicolas Sarkozy... On , Ségolène Royal Ségolène Royal Marie-Ségolène Royal , known as Ségolène Royal, is a French politician. She is the president of the Poitou-Charentes Regional Council, a former member of the National Assembly, a former government minister, and a prominent member of the French Socialist Party...  confided to La Nouvelle République that she would be a candidate. She said: "I've thought about it a long time and taken lots of advice. The time has come now to say clearly and simply that my answer is 'yes'. I know from experience that it takes more than just a few months to get together and prepare. Who can fail to see that the Right are already campaigning? At any rate they're not trying to hide it." Her statemen> came as a surprise to most observers because Martine Aubry Martine Aubry Martine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...  had suggested just a few days before that she had reached an agreement with Royal, extending Aubry's already existing pact with Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn , often referred to in the media, and by himself, as DSK, is a French economist, lawyer, politician, and member of the French Socialist Party... , along the lines proposed by Royal herself some six months earlier. However, Royal denied there had ever been a pact between them. On , two days before the opening date for nominations, Royal officially announced her candidacy during a meeting at Arçais Arçais Arçais is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Poitou-Charentes region in western France. It is the only village in the centre of the Marais Mouillé, the so-called "wet marsh" which forms the eastern half of the Marais Poitevin , near the city of Niort...  in Poitou-Charentes Poitou-Charentes Poitou-Charentes is an administrative region in central western France comprising four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. The regional capital is Poitiers.-Politics:The regional council is composed of 56 members... . She was selected in 2006 as party candidate French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2006 The 2006 Socialist party presidential primary was the selection process by which members of the Socialist Party of France chose their candidate for the 2007 French presidential election....  for the 2007 French presidential election French presidential election, 2007 The 2007 French presidential election, the ninth of the Fifth French Republic was held to elect the successor to Jacques Chirac as president of France for a five-year term.The winner, decided on 5 and 6 May 2007, was Nicolas Sarkozy... . She won the primary by a large margin, gaining 61% of the votes cast, running against Strauss-Kahn and Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius Laurent Fabius is a French Socialist politician. He served as Prime Minister from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. He was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, so far, the youngest Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic.-Early life:... . She later lost the presidential election to conservative candidate Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Sarkozy Nicolas Sarkozy is the 23rd and current President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He assumed the office on 16 May 2007 after defeating the Socialist Party candidate Ségolène Royal 10 days earlier....  on 6 May 2007, obtaining 47% of the vote in the runoff. Support Fmr. Prime ministers : Fmr. Ministers : Jean-Louis Bianco Jean-Louis Bianco Jean-Louis Bianco is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the first constituency of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, and is a member of the Socialist Party, which sits with the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche group in the Assembly.-External links:... , Louis Mermaz Louis Mermaz Louis Mermaz is a French politician. He became an ally of François Mitterrand in the late 1950s and in 1971 became a member of Mitterrand's staff in the French Socialist Party. From 1981 to 1986, he was president of the French National Assembly. He served as Minister of Agriculture from 1990 to... , Jean-Jack Queyranne Jean-Jack Queyranne Jean-Jack Queyranne is a French politician. He has been the Regional President of the Rhône-Alpes since June 2002 and is a deputy in the National Assembly from the seventh district of Rhône... ; MP's, mayors and presidents of regional or general councils : Gilbert Annette Gilbert Annette Gilbert Annette is a politician from Madagascar who served and represented Réunion in the French National Assembly from 1993-1997... , Delphine Batho Delphine Batho Delphine Batho is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Deux-Sèvres' 2nd constituency, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. She is currently a member of the second district of Deux-Sèvres, succeeding Ségolène Royal... , Dominique Bertinotti, Maxime Bono Maxime Bono Maxime Bono is a French politician and a member of the Socialist party. Since April 1999, he has been a mayor of La Rochelle, a MP of the Charente-Maritime's 1st constituency and a president of the Agglomeration community of La Rochelle... , Danielle Bousquet Danielle Bousquet Danielle Bousquet is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the Côtes-d'Armor department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Jean-Michel Clément Jean-Michel Clément Jean-Michel Clément is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the 3rd constituency of the Vienne department, and is a member of the Socialist Party, sitting with the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left group in the National Assembly.-References:... , Jean-François Dauré, Michèle Delaunay Michèle Delaunay Michèle Delaunay is a member of the National Assembly of France. She represents the 2nd constituency, and is a member of the Socialist Party.... , Guillaume Garot Guillaume Garot Guillaume Garot is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Mayenne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:...  Gaëtan Gorce Gaëtan Gorce Gaëtan Gorce is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nièvre department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.-References:... , Bernard Lesterlin Bernard Lesterlin Bernard Lesterlin is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the 2nd constituency of the Allier department, and is a member of the Socialist Party.-References:... , Serge Letchimy Serge Letchimy Serge Letchimy is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the island of Martinique, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. Letchimy is a member of the Martinican Progressive Party , or Parti progressiste martiniquais... ,, Louis Mermaz Louis Mermaz Louis Mermaz is a French politician. He became an ally of François Mitterrand in the late 1950s and in 1971 became a member of Mitterrand's staff in the French Socialist Party. From 1981 to 1986, he was president of the French National Assembly. He served as Minister of Agriculture from 1990 to... , Catherine Quéré Catherine Quéré Catherine Quéré is a French politician and a member of the Socialist Party.A vice-president of the Poitou-Charentes Regional Council between 2004 and 2007, she has been a MP of the Charente-Maritime's 3rd constituency since 2007... ; Others politicians : Sophie Bouchet-Petersen, Béatrice Patrie Béatrice Patrie Béatrice Patrie is a French former judge and Member of the European Parliament for the South West of France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.-References:... , Najat Vallaud-Belkacem Najat Vallaud-Belkacem Najat Vallaud-Belkacem is a French politician of the Socialist General Council. She was advisor to Ségolène Royal's campaign during the 2007 French General Election... ; Non-political personalities : Cali Calì Calì, also written in English as Cali, is an Italian surname, widespread mainly in the Ionian side of Sicily.For the surname Calì is assumed the origin of the Greek word kalos , or from its Sanskrit root kali, "time."The surname refers to:... , Françoise Degois, Edgar Morin Edgar Morin Edgar Morin is a French philosopher and sociologist born Edgar Nahoum in Paris on July 8, 1921. He is of Judeo-Spanish origin. He is known for the transdisciplinarity of his works.- Biography :... .
	Manuel Valls Manuel Valls Manuel Valls is a French Socialist Party politician, deputy since 2002 and mayor of Évry.Valls was born in Barcelona and became a naturalized French citizen in 1982. He is a prominent supporter of F.C...	Mayor of Évry Member of Parliament Manuel Valls Manuel Valls Manuel Valls is a French Socialist Party politician, deputy since 2002 and mayor of Évry.Valls was born in Barcelona and became a naturalized French citizen in 1982. He is a prominent supporter of F.C...  was amongst the first to announce his candidacy. On , he said: "If it turns out that there isn't a better socialist out there than me to preside over the renewal of the party - and so far I don't see one - then I'll do it myself ... Obviously, in that case I'll be a candidate to represent the socialists and the Left in the presidential election." He confirmed>his remarks on saying: "In expressing my desire to run for the 2012 presidential election, I hope to create conditions for a new deal for our nation." On he said he believed that if the Left returned to power in 2012, it should do away with the 35 hour week 35-hour workweek The 35-hour working week is a measure adopted first in France, in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government; it was pushed by Minister of Labour Martine Aubry. The previous legal duration of the working week was 39 hours, which had been established by François...  to allow the French to work harder. Valls supported Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Strauss-Kahn Dominique Gaston André Strauss-Kahn , often referred to in the media, and by himself, as DSK, is a French economist, lawyer, politician, and member of the French Socialist Party...  until Strauss Kahn's arrest on charges of sexual assault and attempted rape Dominique Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case New York v. Strauss-Kahn was a criminal case relating to allegations of sexual assault and attempted rape made by a hotel maid, Nafissatou Diallo, against Dominique Strauss-Kahn at the Sofitel New York Hotel on May 14, 2011. The charges were dismissed at the request of the prosecution which pointed... , following which he formally announced his candidacy on . Support Fmr. Ministers : MP's, mayors and presidents of regional or general councils : Patrick Mennucci; Others politicians : Michèle Sabban. Non-political personalities :

First round

The six candidates participated to three televised debates on 15 September, 28 September and 5 October 2011.

In the first round election day, around 2,700,000 voters cast their ballots: Hollande won 39 percent of the vote, followed by Aubry with 30 percent and Montebourg at 17 percent. Former presidential candidate Royal came in fourth place with 7 percent of the vote.

Second round

On 9 October 2011, after the first results of the first round, Manuel Valls called his voters to cast their ballots in favor of François Hollande; on 10 and 12 October 2011, Jean-Michel Baylet and Ségolène Royal respectively announced they would support François Hollande. On 14 October 2011, Arnaud Montebourg did not instruct his voters how to vote, although he explained he would personaly cast his ballot for Hollande.

François Hollande and Martine Aubry contested a runoff election on 16 October 2011, after a televised debate held on 12 October 2011. Almost 2,900,000 voters participated to the second round: François Hollande won the primary with around 57 percent of the vote, becoming the official candidate of the Socialist Party and its allies for the 2012 presidential election.

Results

Summary of the 8–9 and 15–16 October 2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary
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!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left rowspan=2 colspan=3 valign=top|Candidates – Parties
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan=2|1st round
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan=2|2nd round
|-
!width="75" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center |Votes
!width="30" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center |%
!width="75" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center |Votes
!width="30" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center |%
|-
|align=left|François Hollande

François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Hollande is a French politician. From 1997 to 2008, he was the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. He has also served as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France, representing the first constituency of Corrèze, since 1997. He previously represented that seat...

|align=left|Socialist Party

Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement...

 (Parti socialiste)
|align="right" |PS
|1,038,207
|39.17%
|1,607,268
|56.57%
|-
|align=left|Martine Aubry

Martine Aubry

Martine Aubry is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille since March 2001...

|align=left|Socialist Party

Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement...

 (Parti socialiste)
|align="right" |PS
|806,189
|30.42%
|1,233,899
|43.43%
|-
|align=left|Arnaud Montebourg

Arnaud Montebourg

Arnaud Montebourg is a French politician, and a deputy of the fifth district of Saône-et-Loire to the French National Assembly for the Socialist Party. He has also been elected president of the local assembly of Saône et Loire after local elections in 2008...

|align=left|Socialist Party

Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement...

 (Parti socialiste)
|align="right" |PS
|455,609
|17.19%
|colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | 
|-
|align=left|Ségolène Royal

Ségolène Royal

Marie-Ségolène Royal , known as Ségolène Royal, is a French politician. She is the president of the Poitou-Charentes Regional Council, a former member of the National Assembly, a former government minister, and a prominent member of the French Socialist Party...

|align=left|Socialist Party

Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement...

 (Parti socialiste)
|align="right" |PS
|184,096
|6.95%
|-
|align=left|Manuel Valls

Manuel Valls

Manuel Valls is a French Socialist Party politician, deputy since 2002 and mayor of Évry.Valls was born in Barcelona and became a naturalized French citizen in 1982. He is a prominent supporter of F.C...

|align=left|Socialist Party

Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement...

 (Parti socialiste)
|align="right" |PS
|149,103
|5.63%
|-
|align=left|Jean-Michel Baylet

Jean-Michel Baylet

Jean-Michel Baylet is a French politician, Senator, and leader of the moderate center-left Radical Party of the Left....

|align=left|Radical Party of the Left (Parti Radical de Gauche)
|align="right" |PRG
|17,055
|0.64%
|-
| align=left colspan=7 style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|align=left colspan=3 |Total
|2,650,259
| 100.00%
|2,860,157
| 100.00%
|-
! colspan="7" |  
|-
| colspan="3" align="left" | Valid votes || || || ||
|-
| colspan="3" align="left" | Spoilt and null votes || || || ||
|-
|align=left colspan=3 |Total
|2,661,284
| 100.00%
|2,879,147
| 100.00%
|-
| colspan=7 align=left|Table of results ordered by number of votes received in first round, complete results by http://resultats.lesprimairescitoyennes.fr/.
|}

External links

Official website

• Profiles of the principal candidates (BBC News)