Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Encyclopedia
Friuli–Venezia Giulia is one of the twenty regions of Italy
, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste
. It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central Europe
an countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli
and the geographical region of Venezia Giulia (known in English also as Julian March
), each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
to the north and Slovenia
to the east. To the south it faces the Adriatic Sea
and to the west its internal border is with the Veneto
region.
The region spans a wide variety of climates and landscapes from the mild Mediterranean climate
in the south to Alpine continental in the north. The total area is subdivided into a 42.5% mountainous-alpine terrain in the north, 19.3% is hilly, mostly to the south-east, while the remaining 38.2% comprises the central and coastal plains.
Morphologically the region can be subdivided into four main areas.
The rivers of the region flow from the North and from Slovenia into the Adriatic. The two main rivers are the Tagliamento, which flows west-east in its upper part in the Carnic Alps
and then bends into a north-south flow that separates the Julian Alps
from Alpine foothills
and the Isonzo (Soča slo.) which flows from Slovenia into Italy. The Timavo
is an underground river that flows for 38 km from Slovenia
and resurfaces near its mouth north-west of Duino
.
The region Friuli–Venezia Giulia has a temperate climate. However, due to the terrain's diversity, it varies considerably from one area to another. Walled by the Alps
on its northern flank, the region is exposed to air masses from the East and the West. The region receives also the southerly Scirocco from the Adriatic sea, which brings in heavy rainfall. Along the coast the climate is mild and pleasant. Trieste
records the smallest temperature differences between winter and summer and between day and night. The climate is Alpine-continental in the mountainous areas, where, in some locations, the coldest winter temperatures in Italy can often be found. The Kras
plateau has its own weather and climate, influenced, mostly during autumn and winter, by masses of cold air coming from the North-East. These generate a very special feature of the local climate: the north-easterly wind Bora
, which blows over the Gulf of Trieste
with gusts occasionally exceeding speeds of 150 km/h.
are visible over all the territory. In fact, city of Aquileia
, founded in 181 B.C., served as capital of the region and rose to prominence in the Augustan period.
Starting from the Lombard
settlements (6th century), the historical paths of Friuli and Venezia Giulia begin to diverge. In 568, Cividale del Friuli
(the Roman Forum Iulii (from which the name Friuli comes)) became the capital of the first Lombard
Dukedom in Italy. In 774, the Franks
, favoured the growth of the church of Aquileia
and established Cividale as a March. In 1077, [Patriarchal State of Friuli|Patriarchate of Aquileia]] was given temporal power by the Holy Roman Emperors and this power was extended temporarily even to the east. But already in the 12th century Gorizia
had actually become independent and Trieste
, along with other coastal towns, organized itself as a free city-state
.
In the 6th century A.D., the Alpine Slavs, ancestors of present-day Slovenes, settled the eastern areas of the region
. They settled in the easternmost mountainous areas of Friuli, known as the Friulian Slavia, as well as the Kras Plateau and the area north and south from Gorizia
. In the 12th and 13th century, they also moved closer to Trieste
.
Friuli became Venetian
territory in 1420, while Trieste and Gorizia remained under the Austrian Empire
. Pordenone was a "corpus separatum
", under Austrian influence until 1515, when it also fell under the Venetian rule. With the peace treaty of Campoformido in 1797, Venetian domination came to an end and Friuli was ceded to Austria. After the period of domination by Napoleon, which affected also Trieste and Gorizia, it again became part of the Austrian Empire and was included in the Lombard-Veneto Kingdom, while Gorizia was merged with the Illyrian Kingdom and Trieste, together with Istria, became part of the Austrian Coastal Region. The enlightened policy of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries encouraged an extraordinary economic flourishing, making Trieste the empire’s port. The fortunate outcome of the war of independence brought Friuli alone into the unified Kingdom of Italy.
After the First World War, in which this region was a main theatre of operations and suffered serious damage and loss of lives, the fates of these border lands were again united, although Venezia Giulia, in particular, was the subject of the explosion of contradictions regarding the borders.
The Second World War led to the Anglo-American Administration in Trieste
until the border was fixed with the Memorandum of London in 1954 . When Trieste was reunited with Italy, the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia could finally be established . The Italian Constitution assigns it the status of Region with a Special Statute, together with four other Italian regions. However, Friuli - Venezia Giulia obtained administrative autonomy and the special statute only in 1963. The reasons for this "constitutional delay" are interwoven with the international problems of the second postwar period and with those deriving from the region’s "diversity" – the different historical, ethnic, and linguistic components that go to make up this area. In 1975 the Treaty of Osimo
was signed in Osimo
, definitively dividing the former Free Territory of Trieste
between Italy
and Yugoslavia
.
, Trieste
and Venice
. Friuli-Venezia Giulia is also known for its fine wine.
Famous dishes include:
Wine include:
Agriculture and farming maintain an essential role in the economy of the region and employed in 2001 around 95,000 persons. Its high quality products are exported not only within the country and Europe (fruit and vegetable, cheese) but have become known worldwide for their quality (cured ham and wines, especially white ones). Noteworthy is also the production of soy (third producer in Italy with more than 37,000 hectares cultivated in 2000) and timber production in Carnia
.
As mentioned above, the economy of the region is based on a widespread mosaic of small and medium-size enterprises; of particular importance are the four industrial districts where a multitude of such highly specialised enterprises are concentrated. These districts are centred around the towns of Manzano, San Daniele del Friuli
(cured ham), Maniago
(knives) and Brugnera
(furniture). A number of large enterprises are also present in the region in both the industry and services sector. Some of these companies are world-leaders in their relevant sectors; such are Fincantieri
(based in Trieste
and in Monfalcone
) for the construction of the world's largest cruise ships, Zanussi
-Electrolux
(Pordenone
) in the production of electrical appliances and Assicurazioni Generali
in Trieste
, one of the leading insurance companies in the world.
Again, in the services sector the city of Trieste
plays a leading role (with knock-on effects on the other provincial capitals); it is in fact here that activities such as the regional government, large banking and insurance companies are concentrated. With its commercial Free Port, Trieste also plays an essential role in the trade sector: special custom regulations ensure exclusive financial conditions to operators. The Port of Trieste is today the most important centre worldwide for the trade of coffee and plays a strategic key role in trade with northern and eastern Europe-
Although small in size, Friuli–Venezia Giulia has always been 'in the centre of Europe' and has played an important role in connecting Italy (and the Mediterranean) to Central and Eastern Europe. Its role will become even more strategic as a logistical platform with the imminent enlargement of the European Union. Hence the importance of the infrastructure network of the region, which can today be considered first rate in quality and diversity. The motorway network consists of more than 200 km that run from North to South and from West to East, perfectly connecting the region to Austria
and Slovenia
. The railway network consists of around 500 km of track, with the two twin-line 'backbones' Venice-Trieste and Trieste-Udine-Tarvisio-Austria. The motorway and railway networks are linked to the ports of Trieste, Monfalcone and Porto Nogaro, the three most northerly ports of the Mediterranean. Trieste, in particular, has a free port for goods since 1719. It is the Italian port with the greatest capacity for covered storage, with a surface area of more than 2 million square meters and 70 km of rail tracks. Intermodality is guaranteed by the [Cervignano] terminal, in operation since 1988, to serve the increasing commercial traffic between Italy and Eastern European countries. Lastly, the regional airport of Ronchi dei Legionari
is situated 30 km from Trieste and 40 km from Udine and is closely connected to the motorway and railway networks. The airport offers regular national and international flights including destinations in Eastern Europe. The region is now placing much of its hopes for future economic development in the construction of a high speed European Transport Corridor n° V
connecting Lion, Turin, Venice, Trieste, Ljubljana, Budapest and Kiev, so as to improve the traffic of goods and services with new EU partners.
The negative natural balance in the region is partly made up by the positive net migration. To some extent the migratory surplus has in fact offset the downward trend in the population since 1975. In 2008, the resident population with foreign nationality registered in the region accounted to 83,306 persons (6.7% of the total population).
is spoken in most of the region — with a few exceptions, most notably Trieste
. In the Province of Udine, Slovene dialects are spoken in the area known as Venetian Slovenia
, which comprises the Resia Valley and in the upper valleys of the rivers Torre
and Natisone
, with many villages having both Italian and Slovene names. A small Carinthian Slovene community also exists in the Val Canale on the border with Austria, especially in the municipalities of Malborghetto Valbruna
and Tarvisio
. In the Province of Udine, Slovene has only been officially recognized as a minority language since 2001, and there are few bilingual public schools, mostly located in the southern area, close to the Province of Gorizia. Estimates on the Slovenes in the region vary greatly, from 52,000 up to 183,000. Most probably, the actual number of Slovene speakers is somewhere between 70,000 and 85,000, that is between 5,5% and 7% of the region's population.
The number of native German speakers in Friuli–Venezia Giulia is estimated to be around 2,000. They live in the Val Canale (municipalities of Tarvisio
, Malborghetto Valbruna
and Pontebba
), which is adjacent to Austria, and in the municipality of Sauris
and the frazione of Timau (Tischlbong in the local Germanic language) (municipality of Paluzza
), which each form a language exclave.
gained 53.8% of Friuli–Venezia Giulia's votes at the Italian general election in 2008
. The region's local government, led by President Renzo Tondo, is center-right.
Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy are the first-level administrative divisions of the state, constituting its first NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, of which five are constitutionally given a broader amount of autonomy granted by special statutes....
, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
. It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
an countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli
Friuli
Friuli is an area of northeastern Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the province of Udine, Pordenone, Gorizia, excluding Trieste...
and the geographical region of Venezia Giulia (known in English also as Julian March
Julian March
The Julian March is a former political region of southeastern Europe on what are now the borders between Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy...
), each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
Geography
Friuli–Venezia Giulia is Italy's most North-Eastern region. It covers an area of 7,858 km2 and is the fifth smallest region of the country. It borders AustriaAustria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
to the north and Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
to the east. To the south it faces the Adriatic Sea
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
and to the west its internal border is with the Veneto
Veneto
Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...
region.
The region spans a wide variety of climates and landscapes from the mild Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, and is a particular variety of subtropical climate...
in the south to Alpine continental in the north. The total area is subdivided into a 42.5% mountainous-alpine terrain in the north, 19.3% is hilly, mostly to the south-east, while the remaining 38.2% comprises the central and coastal plains.
- The mountainous area in the north: this part of the region includes CarniaCarniaCarnia is a historical-geographic region of Friuli, whose municipalities all belong to the province of Udine, which is part of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region.It covers the western and central part of the mountainous region of the Province of Udine...
and the ending section of the AlpsAlpsThe Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
(Carnic AlpsCarnic AlpsThe Carnic Alps are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in East Tyrol, Carinthia, South Tyrol and Friuli . They extend from east to west for about between the Gail River, a tributary of the Drava and the Tagliamento, forming the border between Austria and Italy.They are named after the Roman...
and Giulia Alps), of which the highest peaks exceed 2,700 m above sea levelAbove mean sea levelThe term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
(Jôf di MontasioJôf di MontasioJôf di Montasio or Montaž with the altitude of 2,754 meters is the second highest peak of the Julian Alps, surpassed only by Mount Triglav. The original Slovene name of the mountain is Špik nad Policami or Poliški Špik, however nowadays the most used is Montaž, borrowed from the Italian...
2,754 m.). Its landscapes are characterised by vast pine forests and pastures, mountain lakes (e.g. SaurisSaurisSauris is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
and BarcisBarcisBarcis is a comune in the Province of Pordenone in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located in the Valcellina about 110 km northwest of Trieste and about 25 km north of Pordenone.-External links:*...
) and numerous streams and small rivers descending from the mountains. The area is also known for its tourist destinations, especially during the winter season ( Monte ZoncolanMonte ZoncolanMonte Zoncolan is a mountain in the Carnic Alps, located in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is one of the most demanding climbs in professional road bicycle racing, having been used in the Giro d'Italia four times and the Giro Donne once...
, TarvisioTarvisioTarvisio is a town in the Province of Udine, in the northeastern part of the autonomous Friuli–Venezia Giulia region in Italy...
) .
- The hilly area, situated to the south of the mountains and along the central section of the border with SloveniaSloveniaSlovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
. The main product of agriculture in this area is wine, whose quality, especially the white, is known worldwide. The easternmost part of the hilly area is also known as Slavia Friulana, as it is mostly inhabited by ethnic Slovenes.
- The central plains are characterised by poor, arid and permeable soil. The soil has been made fertile with an extensive irrigation system and through the adoption of modern intensive farming techniques. In this part of the region most of the agricultural activities are concentrated.
- The coastal area can be further subdivided in two, western-eastern, subsections separated by the river Isonzo's estuary. To the west, the coast is shallow and sandy, with numerous tourist resorts and the lagoons of GradoGrado, ItalyGrado is a town and comune in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located on a peninsula of the Adriatic Sea between Venice and Trieste....
and Marano LagunareMarano LagunareMarano Lagunare is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 50 km northwest of Trieste and about 35 km south of Udine...
. To the east, the coastline rises into cliffs, where the Carso (Carso ita., Kras slo.) plateau meets the Adriatic, all the way to Trieste and Muggia on the border with Slovenia. The Carso has geological features and phenomena such as hollows, cave networks and underground rivers, which extend inland in the provinces of Trieste and Gorizia, with an altitude ranging between 300m and 600m.
Carnic Alps
The Carnic Alps are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in East Tyrol, Carinthia, South Tyrol and Friuli . They extend from east to west for about between the Gail River, a tributary of the Drava and the Tagliamento, forming the border between Austria and Italy.They are named after the Roman...
and then bends into a north-south flow that separates the Julian Alps
Julian Alps
The Julian Alps are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretches from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav. They are named after Julius Caesar, who founded the municipium of Cividale del Friuli at the foot of the mountains...
from Alpine foothills
Alpine foothills
The Alpine foothills, or Prealps can refer generally to any area of foothills in the Alps of EuropeIt can also refer specifically to:*The French Prealps, a group of mountain ranges in France...
and the Isonzo (Soča slo.) which flows from Slovenia into Italy. The Timavo
Timavo
The River, known in Slovene as the or , is a 2-km river in the Province of Trieste. It has four sources near San Giovanni near Duino and outflows in the Gulf of Panzano between Trieste and Monfalcone , Italy....
is an underground river that flows for 38 km from Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
and resurfaces near its mouth north-west of Duino
Duino
Duino is a town at the Adriatic coast in the municipality of Duino-Aurisina, part of the region of Friuli – Venezia Giulia in the province of Trieste, north-eastern Italy....
.
The region Friuli–Venezia Giulia has a temperate climate. However, due to the terrain's diversity, it varies considerably from one area to another. Walled by the Alps
Alps
The Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
on its northern flank, the region is exposed to air masses from the East and the West. The region receives also the southerly Scirocco from the Adriatic sea, which brings in heavy rainfall. Along the coast the climate is mild and pleasant. Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
records the smallest temperature differences between winter and summer and between day and night. The climate is Alpine-continental in the mountainous areas, where, in some locations, the coldest winter temperatures in Italy can often be found. The Kras
Kras
Karst ; also known as the Karst Plateau, is a limestone borderline plateau region extending in southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy. It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste...
plateau has its own weather and climate, influenced, mostly during autumn and winter, by masses of cold air coming from the North-East. These generate a very special feature of the local climate: the north-easterly wind Bora
Bora (wind)
Bora or Bura is a northern to north-eastern katabatic wind in the Adriatic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Italy, Greece, Slovenia, and Turkey....
, which blows over the Gulf of Trieste
Gulf of Trieste
The Gulf of Trieste is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea, in the extreme northern part of the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Gulf of Venice and is shared by Italy, Slovenia and Croatia...
with gusts occasionally exceeding speeds of 150 km/h.
History
In Roman times, modern Friuli-Venezia Giulia was located within Regio X Venetia et Histria of Roman Italy. The traces of its Roman originAncient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
are visible over all the territory. In fact, city of Aquileia
Aquileia
Aquileia is an ancient Roman city in what is now Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 10 km from the sea, on the river Natiso , the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times...
, founded in 181 B.C., served as capital of the region and rose to prominence in the Augustan period.
Starting from the Lombard
Lombard
The term Lombard refers to members of or things related, directly or indirectly, to the Lombards , a Germanic tribe that dominated northern Italy and adjoining areas from the 6th to 8th centuries...
settlements (6th century), the historical paths of Friuli and Venezia Giulia begin to diverge. In 568, Cividale del Friuli
Cividale del Friuli
-External links:*...
(the Roman Forum Iulii (from which the name Friuli comes)) became the capital of the first Lombard
Lombards
The Lombards , also referred to as Longobards, were a Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin, who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy...
Dukedom in Italy. In 774, the Franks
Franks
The Franks were a confederation of Germanic tribes first attested in the third century AD as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a...
, favoured the growth of the church of Aquileia
Aquileia
Aquileia is an ancient Roman city in what is now Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 10 km from the sea, on the river Natiso , the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times...
and established Cividale as a March. In 1077, [Patriarchal State of Friuli|Patriarchate of Aquileia]] was given temporal power by the Holy Roman Emperors and this power was extended temporarily even to the east. But already in the 12th century Gorizia
Gorizia
Gorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
had actually become independent and Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
, along with other coastal towns, organized itself as a free city-state
Italian city-states
The Italian city-states were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian peninsula between the 10th and 15th centuries....
.
In the 6th century A.D., the Alpine Slavs, ancestors of present-day Slovenes, settled the eastern areas of the region
Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps
Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps region was a historic process that took place between the 6th and 9th century AD, having culminated in the final quarter of the 6th century...
. They settled in the easternmost mountainous areas of Friuli, known as the Friulian Slavia, as well as the Kras Plateau and the area north and south from Gorizia
Gorizia
Gorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
. In the 12th and 13th century, they also moved closer to Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
.
Friuli became Venetian
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
territory in 1420, while Trieste and Gorizia remained under the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
. Pordenone was a "corpus separatum
Corpus separatum
Corpus separatum is used with regard to Jerusalem according to the 1947 UN Partition Plan which used it to refer to a proposed internationally administered zone to include Jerusalem in the 1947 municipal boundaries "plus surrounding villages and towns, the most eastern of which shall be Abu Dis;...
", under Austrian influence until 1515, when it also fell under the Venetian rule. With the peace treaty of Campoformido in 1797, Venetian domination came to an end and Friuli was ceded to Austria. After the period of domination by Napoleon, which affected also Trieste and Gorizia, it again became part of the Austrian Empire and was included in the Lombard-Veneto Kingdom, while Gorizia was merged with the Illyrian Kingdom and Trieste, together with Istria, became part of the Austrian Coastal Region. The enlightened policy of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries encouraged an extraordinary economic flourishing, making Trieste the empire’s port. The fortunate outcome of the war of independence brought Friuli alone into the unified Kingdom of Italy.
After the First World War, in which this region was a main theatre of operations and suffered serious damage and loss of lives, the fates of these border lands were again united, although Venezia Giulia, in particular, was the subject of the explosion of contradictions regarding the borders.
The Second World War led to the Anglo-American Administration in Trieste
Free Territory of Trieste
The Free Territory of Trieste was to be a city-state situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, created by the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II and provisionally administered by an appointed military governor commanding the peacekeeping United...
until the border was fixed with the Memorandum of London in 1954 . When Trieste was reunited with Italy, the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia could finally be established . The Italian Constitution assigns it the status of Region with a Special Statute, together with four other Italian regions. However, Friuli - Venezia Giulia obtained administrative autonomy and the special statute only in 1963. The reasons for this "constitutional delay" are interwoven with the international problems of the second postwar period and with those deriving from the region’s "diversity" – the different historical, ethnic, and linguistic components that go to make up this area. In 1975 the Treaty of Osimo
Treaty of Osimo
The Treaty of Osimo was signed on 10 November 1975 by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Italian Republic in Osimo, Italy, to definitely divide the Free Territory of Trieste between the two states...
was signed in Osimo
Osimo
Osimo is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the province of Ancona, 15 km south of that town by rail. It is situated on a hill near the Adriatic Sea.Silk-spinning and the raising of cocoons are carried on.-History:...
, definitively dividing the former Free Territory of Trieste
Free Territory of Trieste
The Free Territory of Trieste was to be a city-state situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, created by the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II and provisionally administered by an appointed military governor commanding the peacekeeping United...
between Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
.
Cuisine
Friuli-Venezia Giulia is famous for its mixtures of dishes stemming from both Friulani and Giuliani traditions. With influences from key cities such as UdineUdine
Udine is a city and comune in northeastern Italy, in the middle of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic sea and the Alps , less than 40 km from the Slovenian border. Its population was 99,439 in 2009, and that of its urban area was 175,000.- History :Udine is the historical...
, Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
and Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
. Friuli-Venezia Giulia is also known for its fine wine.
Famous dishes include:
- FricoFricoA frico, known in America as a cheese crisp, is an Italian food, typical of Friuli, which consists of a wafer of shredded cheese with a bit of flour, baked or fried until crisp. Common cheeses include Parmesan, Mozzarella, or Montasio...
(cheese crisp) - Brovada
- JotaJotaJota may refer to:*the name of J, the tenth letter of the Spanish alphabet and Portuguese alphabet*Jota , a type of Spanish music and dance*Jota, a bean-sauerkraut soup of Slovenian/Croatian origin*Laverda Jota, a motorcycle...
(istrian stew) - Crostoli Angel WingsAngel wingsAngel wings are a traditional sweet crisp pastry made out of dough that has been shaped into thin twisted ribbons, deep-fried and sprinkled with powdered sugar. Traditionally present in several European cuisines, angel wings are known by many other names and have been incorporated into other...
- Frittole (Pastry)Frittole (pastry)Frittole are an Italian fried doughnut type food made from a dough with raisins, orange peel, and lemon peel in it. They are eaten in and around the Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto regions. However is known to be founded around the Giuliani areas of Trieste and Venice. Many cariations are common,...
- PolentaPolentaPolenta is a dish made from boiled cornmeal. The word "polenta" is borrowed from Italian.-Description:Polenta is made with ground yellow or white cornmeal , which can be ground coarsely or finely depending on the region and the texture desired.As it is known today, polenta derives from earlier...
- Brodo
- RadicchioRadicchioRadicchio is a leaf chicory , sometimes known as Italian chicory and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted.- History :Humans have been using radicchio since ancient times...
- Gnocchi agli spinaci
- GoulashGoulashGoulash is a soup or stew of meat, noodles and vegetables , seasoned with paprika and other spices. Originating in Hungary, goulash is also a popular meal in Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Romania, Scandinavia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli Venezia...
- Peperonata
Wine include:
- Moscato
- Verdehlo
Economy
The economy of Friuli–Venezia Giulia is one of the most developed in the country. Its core is based on small- and middle-size enterprises (the so-called 'North-East model'), on specialized farming and on high-quality tourism with a significant inclination towards exports.Agriculture and farming maintain an essential role in the economy of the region and employed in 2001 around 95,000 persons. Its high quality products are exported not only within the country and Europe (fruit and vegetable, cheese) but have become known worldwide for their quality (cured ham and wines, especially white ones). Noteworthy is also the production of soy (third producer in Italy with more than 37,000 hectares cultivated in 2000) and timber production in Carnia
Carnia
Carnia is a historical-geographic region of Friuli, whose municipalities all belong to the province of Udine, which is part of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region.It covers the western and central part of the mountainous region of the Province of Udine...
.
As mentioned above, the economy of the region is based on a widespread mosaic of small and medium-size enterprises; of particular importance are the four industrial districts where a multitude of such highly specialised enterprises are concentrated. These districts are centred around the towns of Manzano, San Daniele del Friuli
San Daniele del Friuli
San Daniele del Friuli is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 80 km northwest of Trieste and about 20 km northwest of Udine....
(cured ham), Maniago
Maniago
Maniago is a town and comune located in the Province of Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia . It is known principally today for its production of steel blades which are used by the big name producers of knives, scissors, and shears which are exported worldwide.-External links:...
(knives) and Brugnera
Brugnera
Brugnera is a comune in the Province of Pordenone in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 12 km southwest of Pordenone, with c...
(furniture). A number of large enterprises are also present in the region in both the industry and services sector. Some of these companies are world-leaders in their relevant sectors; such are Fincantieri
Fincantieri
Fincantieri - Cantieri Navali Italiani S.p.A. is a shipbuilding company based in Trieste, Italy. It was formed in 1959 and is the largest shipbuilder in the Mediterranean, and one of the largest in Europe...
(based in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
and in Monfalcone
Monfalcone
Monfalcone is a town and comune of the province of Gorizia , located on the coast of the Gulf of Trieste. Monfalcone means "Mount of Falcon" in Italian....
) for the construction of the world's largest cruise ships, Zanussi
Zanussi
Zanussi is an Italian producer of home appliances that in 1984 was bought by Electrolux. Zanussi is a leading brand for domestic kitchen appliances in Europe. Products have been exported from Italy since 1946.-History:...
-Electrolux
Electrolux
The Electrolux Group is a Swedish appliance maker.As of 2010 the 2nd largest home appliance manufacturer in the world after Whirlpool, its products sell under a variety of brand names including its own and are primarily major appliances and vacuum cleaners...
(Pordenone
Pordenone
Pordenone is a comune of Pordenone province of northeast Italy in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.The name comes from the Latin "Portus Naonis" meaning the port on the river Noncello - History :...
) in the production of electrical appliances and Assicurazioni Generali
Assicurazioni Generali
Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A. is the largest insurance company in Italy and one of the largest in Europe. It has its headquarters in Trieste...
in Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
, one of the leading insurance companies in the world.
Again, in the services sector the city of Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
plays a leading role (with knock-on effects on the other provincial capitals); it is in fact here that activities such as the regional government, large banking and insurance companies are concentrated. With its commercial Free Port, Trieste also plays an essential role in the trade sector: special custom regulations ensure exclusive financial conditions to operators. The Port of Trieste is today the most important centre worldwide for the trade of coffee and plays a strategic key role in trade with northern and eastern Europe-
Although small in size, Friuli–Venezia Giulia has always been 'in the centre of Europe' and has played an important role in connecting Italy (and the Mediterranean) to Central and Eastern Europe. Its role will become even more strategic as a logistical platform with the imminent enlargement of the European Union. Hence the importance of the infrastructure network of the region, which can today be considered first rate in quality and diversity. The motorway network consists of more than 200 km that run from North to South and from West to East, perfectly connecting the region to Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
and Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
. The railway network consists of around 500 km of track, with the two twin-line 'backbones' Venice-Trieste and Trieste-Udine-Tarvisio-Austria. The motorway and railway networks are linked to the ports of Trieste, Monfalcone and Porto Nogaro, the three most northerly ports of the Mediterranean. Trieste, in particular, has a free port for goods since 1719. It is the Italian port with the greatest capacity for covered storage, with a surface area of more than 2 million square meters and 70 km of rail tracks. Intermodality is guaranteed by the [Cervignano] terminal, in operation since 1988, to serve the increasing commercial traffic between Italy and Eastern European countries. Lastly, the regional airport of Ronchi dei Legionari
Ronchi dei Legionari
Ronchi dei Legionari is a comune in the Province of Gorizia in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 30 km northwest of Trieste and about 14 km southwest of Gorizia....
is situated 30 km from Trieste and 40 km from Udine and is closely connected to the motorway and railway networks. The airport offers regular national and international flights including destinations in Eastern Europe. The region is now placing much of its hopes for future economic development in the construction of a high speed European Transport Corridor n° V
Pan-European corridors
The ten Pan-European transport corridors were defined at the second Pan-European transport Conference in Crete, March 1994, as routes in Central and Eastern Europe that required major investment over the next ten to fifteen years. Additions were made at the third conference in Helsinki in 1997...
connecting Lion, Turin, Venice, Trieste, Ljubljana, Budapest and Kiev, so as to improve the traffic of goods and services with new EU partners.
Demographics
Population density is lower than the national average: In 1978 there were in total only 1'2245'611 inhabitants; in 2008 it was in fact equal to 157.5 inhabitants per km2 (compared to 198.8 for Italy as a whole). However, density varies from a minimum of 106 inhabitants per km2 in the province of Udine to a maximum of 1,144 inhabitants per km2 in the province of Trieste.The negative natural balance in the region is partly made up by the positive net migration. To some extent the migratory surplus has in fact offset the downward trend in the population since 1975. In 2008, the resident population with foreign nationality registered in the region accounted to 83,306 persons (6.7% of the total population).
Language
Friulian languageFriulian language
Friulan , is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. Friulan has around 800,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian...
is spoken in most of the region — with a few exceptions, most notably Trieste
Triestine language
The Triestine dialect is a dialect local to the Italian city of Trieste. It is a form of Venetian, strongly influenced by a Friulian substrate, mainly due to the existence of the now defunct Tergestine dialect, which was closely related to Friulian....
. In the Province of Udine, Slovene dialects are spoken in the area known as Venetian Slovenia
Venetian Slovenia
Venetian Slovenia is a small mountainous region in northeastern Italy . Most of the region is located in the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, in the area between the towns of Cividale del Friuli, Tarcento and Gemona ....
, which comprises the Resia Valley and in the upper valleys of the rivers Torre
Torre River
The Torre is a river of the Province of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, north-east Italy. It is the main right tributary of the Isonzo; the Torre together with its own tributary the Natisone drain a large part of the Isonzo basin....
and Natisone
Natisone
The Natisone is a river that flows for some time as a border river between Slovenia and Italy, continues in Slovenia and then crosses the border and continues in Eastern Friuli, in north-eastern Italy...
, with many villages having both Italian and Slovene names. A small Carinthian Slovene community also exists in the Val Canale on the border with Austria, especially in the municipalities of Malborghetto Valbruna
Malborghetto Valbruna
Malborghetto Valbruna is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northeast of Udine, on the border with Austria. , it had a population of 1,025 and an area of 120.5 km²...
and Tarvisio
Tarvisio
Tarvisio is a town in the Province of Udine, in the northeastern part of the autonomous Friuli–Venezia Giulia region in Italy...
. In the Province of Udine, Slovene has only been officially recognized as a minority language since 2001, and there are few bilingual public schools, mostly located in the southern area, close to the Province of Gorizia. Estimates on the Slovenes in the region vary greatly, from 52,000 up to 183,000. Most probably, the actual number of Slovene speakers is somewhere between 70,000 and 85,000, that is between 5,5% and 7% of the region's population.
The number of native German speakers in Friuli–Venezia Giulia is estimated to be around 2,000. They live in the Val Canale (municipalities of Tarvisio
Tarvisio
Tarvisio is a town in the Province of Udine, in the northeastern part of the autonomous Friuli–Venezia Giulia region in Italy...
, Malborghetto Valbruna
Malborghetto Valbruna
Malborghetto Valbruna is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northeast of Udine, on the border with Austria. , it had a population of 1,025 and an area of 120.5 km²...
and Pontebba
Pontebba
Pontebba is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is located about 100 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km north of Udine, on the border with Austria...
), which is adjacent to Austria, and in the municipality of Sauris
Sauris
Sauris is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 60 km northwest of Udine...
and the frazione of Timau (Tischlbong in the local Germanic language) (municipality of Paluzza
Paluzza
Paluzza is a comune in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 120 km northwest of Trieste and about 50 km northwest of Udine, in the Carnia, on the border with Austria....
), which each form a language exclave.
Government and politics
PdLPDL
- Computing :*Pixie Dust List*Procedural Definition Language*Page Description Language*Perl Data Language*Program Design Language, a method of software construction*Public Documentation License*Pirate Down Load*Progressive download*Public Distribution List...
gained 53.8% of Friuli–Venezia Giulia's votes at the Italian general election in 2008
Italian general election, 2008
A snap general election was held in Italy on 13 April and 14 April 2008. The election came after President Giorgio Napolitano dissolved parliament on 6 February 2008 following the defeat of the government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi in a January 2008 Senate vote, and the unsuccessful tentative...
. The region's local government, led by President Renzo Tondo, is center-right.
Administrative divisions
Friuli–Venezia Giulia is divided into four provinces:| Province | Area (km²) | Population | Density (inh./km²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Province of Gorizia Province of Gorizia The Province of Gorizia is a province in the autonomous Friuli–Venezia Giulia region of Italy.-Overview:Its capital is the city of Gorizia. It belonged to the Province of Udine between 1924 and 1927 and the communes of Sonzia, Plezzo, Bergogna, Caporetto, Tolmino, Circhina, Santa Lucia d'Isonzo,... |
466 | 142,392 | 305.5 |
| Province of Pordenone Province of Pordenone The Province of Pordenone is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pordenone. The territory was carved out of the Province of Udine in 1968.... |
2,273 | 311,931 | 137.2 |
| Province of Trieste Province of Trieste The Province of Trieste is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste.It has an area of 212 km², and a total population of 236,520... |
212 | 236,445 | 1,115.3 |
| Province of Udine Province of Udine The Province of Udine is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia. Its capital is the city of Udine.... |
4,905 | 539,224 | 109.9 |
Notable residents or natives
- St. Chromatius of AquileiaChromatiusSaint Chromatius was a bishop of Aquileia. He was probably born at Aquileia, and in any case grew up there. His father had died when Chromatius was an infant. He was raised by his mother and large family of older siblings....
, (d. 407) bishop of Aquileia, theologian - Rufinus of AquileiaTyrannius RufinusTyrannius Rufinus or Rufinus of Aquileia was a monk, historian, and theologian. He is most known as a translator of Greek patristic material into Latin—especially the work of Origen.-Life:...
, (340/5-410) priest, translator - Saint Paulinus IISaint Paulinus IISaint Paulinus II , was a northern Italian bishop, theologian, poet, and scholar of the Carolingian Renaissance.-Early life:...
, (c. 750-802), Patriarch of Aquileia, theologian - Bertrand of AquileiaBertram of St. GenesiusBertram of St. Genesius was the patriarch of Aquileia from 1334 until his death.-Biography:Bertram was born in Gascony, and became a jurist in the University of Toulouse and papal chaplain...
, (1258-1350) Patriarch of Aquileia - St. Odoric of PordenoneOdoric of PordenoneOdoric of Pordenone was an Italian late-medieval traveler...
, (1286-1331) Franciscan priest, traveler to China and East Asia - Poppo of Treffen, (d. 1045) Patriarch of Aquileia
- Ermes di ColorêtErmes di ColorêtErmes di Colorêt was an Italian nobleman and writer who served the Grand Duke of Tuscany and the Holy Roman Emperor....
(16th century) - Ludovico ManinLudovico ManinLudovico Manin was the last Doge of Venice. He governed Venice from 9 March 1789 until 1797, when he was forced to abdicate by Napoleon Bonaparte.-Early life:...
, last Doge of Venice - Ermenegildo FloritErmenegildo FloritErmenegildo Florit was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Florence from 1962 to 1977, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1965.-Biography:...
, (1901-1985) archbishop of Florence, cardinal - Ernesto IllyErnesto IllyErnesto Illy was an Italian food chemist and businessman, known as the chairman of the Illycaffè S.p.A coffee manufacturer...
, Cavaliere del Lavoro (Knight of Industry 1994), Chairman illycaffè S.p.A. - Dino ZoffDino ZoffDino Zoff is an Italian former football goalkeeper and is the oldest winner ever of the World Cup, which he earned as captain of the Italian team in the 1982 tournament in Spain, at the age of 40 years, 4 months and 13 days.Zoff was a goalkeeper of outstanding ability and has a place in the...
, football goalkeeper Italy, Juventus. - Cesare MaldiniCesare MaldiniCesare Maldini is an Italian football manager and former player. He played as a centre back and spent the majority of his career with AC Milan. Maldini also represented Italy at international level in the 1962 and 1966 World Cups. His son Paolo, also a defender, previously held the record for the...
, former AC Milan captain, Italian football team manager. - Vladimir BartolVladimir BartolVladimir Bartol was a Slovene writer, most famous for his novel Alamut. Alamut was published in 1938 and translated into numerous languages, becoming the most popular work of Slovene literature around the world.-Biography:Bartol was born on February 24, 1903 in San Giovanni , a suburb of the...
, writer. - Leo CastelliLeo CastelliLeo Castelli was an American art dealer. He was best known to the public as an art dealer whose gallery showcased cutting edge Contemporary art for five decades...
, art dealer. - Avgust ČernigojAvgust CernigojAvgust Černigoj, also known in Italian as Augusto Cernigoi was a Italian painter, known for his avant-garde experiments in Constructivism....
, painter. - Tiberio MitriTiberio MitriTiberio Mitri was an Italian boxer who fought from 1946 to 1957. During his career, Mitri was the Italian and European middleweight champion....
, boxer, born in Trieste - Max FabianiMax FabianiMax Fabiani, was a Slovene-Italian architect from the Gorizia region. Together with Ciril Metod Koch, he introduced the Vienna Secession style of architecture in the Slovene Lands.-Life:...
, architect. - Tarcisio BurgnichTarcisio BurgnichTarcisio Burgnich is a former Italian football defender.After short spells at Udinese, Juventus and Palermo, it was with Internazionale that he found his spiritual home in the 1960s...
, footballer. - Arturo Malignani, inventor of the incandescent light bulb.
- Luca Turilli, Musician, Rhapsody of FireRhapsody of FireRhapsody of Fire is an Italian symphonic power metal band led by Alex Staropoli. Since forming in 1993, the band has released eight studio albums, one live album, two EPs, and a live DVD...
neoclassical guitarist and composer. - Claudio MagrisClaudio MagrisClaudio Magris is an Italian scholar, translator and writer.Magris graduated from the University of Turin, where he studied German studies, and has been a professor of modern German literature at the University of Trieste since 1978.He is an essayist and columnist for the Italian newspaper...
, writer. - Primo CarneraPrimo CarneraPrimo Carnera was an Italian boxer, nicknamed the Ambling Alp, who became the world heavyweight champion.-Biography:...
, boxer. - Pietro Zorutti (19th century)
- Pier Paolo PasoliniPier Paolo PasoliniPier Paolo Pasolini was an Italian film director, poet, writer, and intellectual. Pasolini distinguished himself as a poet, journalist, philosopher, linguist, novelist, playwright, filmmaker, newspaper and magazine columnist, actor, painter and political figure...
(20th century) - Boris PahorBoris PahorBoris Pahor is a Slovene writer from Italy. He is considered to be one of the most influential living authors in the Slovene language and has been nominated for the Nobel prize for literature by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts...
, writer. - Umberto SabaUmberto SabaUmberto Poli was an Italian poet and novelist, born in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the nom de plume "Saba" in 1910, and his name was officially changed to Umberto Saba in 1928. From 1919 he was the...
, poet. - Italo SvevoItalo SvevoAron Ettore Schmitz , better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo, was an Italian writer and businessman, author of novels, plays, and short stories.- Biography :...
, writer. - Carlo MichelstaedterCarlo MichelstaedterCarlo Michelstaedter was an Italian writer, philosopher, and man of letters.- Life :Carlo Michelstaedter was born in Gorizia, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian County of Gorizia and Gradisca, as the youngest of four children of Albert and Emma Michelstaedter Coen Luzzatto: Gino , Elda , Paula ...
, philosopher. - Fabio CapelloFabio CapelloFabio Capello is an Italian football manager and former player. He is the manager of the England national football team.Capello has the distinction of winning the domestic league title with every club he has coached throughout his career...
, football manager. - Mario Agante, poet
- Dante SpinottiDante SpinottiDante Spinotti, A.S.C., A.I.C. is a cinematographer.Spinotti was born in Tolmezzo, Italy. Among the more notable films he has worked on are The Last of the Mohicans, Heat, and L.A. Confidential...
, cinematographer, LA Confidential and Last of the Mohicans - James JoyceJames JoyceJames Augustine Aloysius Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century...
, 20th century Irish novelist, began work on UlyssesUlysses (novel)Ulysses is a novel by the Irish author James Joyce. It was first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on 2 February 1922, in Paris. One of the most important works of Modernist literature,...
while living in Trieste - Emilio AmbrosiniEmilio AmbrosiniEmilio Ambrosini was an Italian architect.-Life:Ambrosini finished a shipbuilding school in Trieste. After a few years spent in the Austro-Hungarian Navy, he went to Graz, Austria, where he enrolled the Higher Technical School, graduating in 1876...
, architect - Franca BatichFranca BatichFranca Batich is an Italian contemporary artist who specializes in oil and mixed technique abstract painting. A student of Giovanni Giordani, Frida de Reya, and Alice Psaconopulo, Batich first began exhibiting her artwork in the 1960s...
, Italian painter - Leo CastelliLeo CastelliLeo Castelli was an American art dealer. He was best known to the public as an art dealer whose gallery showcased cutting edge Contemporary art for five decades...
, art dealer - Tullio CraliTullio CraliTullio Crali was an Italian artist associated with Futurism. A self-taught painter, he was a late adherent to the movement, not joining until 1929...
, Futurist painter - Avgust ČernigojAvgust CernigojAvgust Černigoj, also known in Italian as Augusto Cernigoi was a Italian painter, known for his avant-garde experiments in Constructivism....
, Slovene painter - Franko LuinFranko LuinFranko Luin was a Swedish type designer of Slovene origin. He studied graphic arts at Grafiska Institutet in Stockholm, where he graduated in 1967...
, Swedish-Slovene graphic designer - Michael Manfredi, architect partner of Marion Weiss in New York–based Weiss/ManfrediWeiss/ManfrediWeiss/Manfredi is an architectural firm headquartered in New York City, founded by Marion Weiss and Michael Manfredi. Weiss currently teaches at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design...
- Marcello Mascherini, sculptor and painter
- Nino Perizzi, painter
- Boris PodreccaBoris PodreccaBoris Podrecca is a Slovene-Italian architect and urban designer living in Vienna, Austria. Podrecca is considered by some critics a pioneer of postmodernism...
, architect - Miela Reina, painter
- Ernesto Nathan RogersErnesto Nathan RogersErnesto Nathan Rogers was an Italian architect, writer and educator.-Biography:Born in Trieste, Italy he graduated from the Politecnico di Milano, Italy in 1932...
, architect - Ivan RendićIvan RendicIvan Rendić was a Croatian sculptor.He began sculpting early on in life, thanks to the stoneworking tradition of the island of Brač, where he was raised. He finished arts school in Venice in 1871 and afterwards became a part of the Fioretine sculpting atelier...
, Croatian sculptor - Viktor SulčičViktor SulcicViktor Sulčič, also known as Víctor Sulcic, was a Slovenian born architect in Argentina. He was born in 1895 in Križ near Trieste, died in 1973 in Buenos Aires....
, Argentine Slovene architect (born in the suburb of Santa Croce/Križ) - Lojze Spacal (Luigi Spazzal), modernist painter
- Jožef TomincJožef TomincGiuseppe Tominz, also known as Jožef Tominc was a Italian painter who lived and worked in the Austrian Empire and in Italy. He was one of the most prominent Italian and Austrian portraitists of the Biedermeier period. He became renowned for his realistic portraits,...
, BiedermeierBiedermeierIn Central Europe, the Biedermeier era refers to the middle-class sensibilities of the historical period between 1815, the year of the Congress of Vienna at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions...
painter - Miranda Caharija, Slovenian stage and film actress
- Piero CappuccilliPiero CappuccilliPiero Cappuccilli was an Italian operatic baritone, particularly associated with Verdi roles, especiallyMacbeth and Simon Boccanegra; he was renowned for his extraordinary breath control and smooth legato, and is widely regarded as one of the finest Italian baritones of the second half of the 20th...
, Italian operatic baritone - Antonio BibaloAntonio BibaloAntonio Gino Bibalo was an Italian-Norwegian pianist and composer of contemporary classical music, primarily operas.-Biography:...
, Italian pianist and composer - George DolenzGeorge DolenzGeorge Dolenz was an American film actor born in Trieste , in the city's Slovene community.-Biography:...
, actor and father of Micky DolenzMicky DolenzGeorge Michael "Micky" Dolenz, Jr. is an American actor, musician, television director, radio personality and theater director, best known as a member of the 1960s made-for-television band The Monkees.-Biography:...
of the Monkees - Alfred JaëllAlfred JaëllAlfred Jaëll was an austrian-ungarick pianist.He was born in Trieste. He studied under Carl Czernyand began his public career at the age of 11, appearing at the Teatro San Benedetto, Venice, in 1843. The following year he studied with Ignaz Moscheles in Vienna. In 1845 and 1846 he lived in...
, Austrian pianist - Tullio KezichTullio KezichTullio Kezich was an Italian film critic, screenwriter, playwright and actor.Kezich was born in Trieste...
, actor, playwright, and screenplayer - Minu Kjuder, Slovenian stage actress
- Elvira Kralj, Slovenian stage actress
- Boris Kobal, Slovenian stage director, satirist and comedian
- Lidija Kozlovič, Slovenian stage and film actress
- Paolo LongoPaolo LongoPaolo Longo is an Italian composer and conductor.-Life:He studied composition, piano and conducting in Trieste, where he graduated in 1990 with highest honors...
, composer and conductor - Alessandro LottaAlessandro LottaAlessandro Lotta is the former bassist of the Italian symphonic metal band Rhapsody Of Fire, which he joined in 1996. Before joining Rhapsody he played in smaller local bands in Trieste, Italy....
, former bassist of the bands Rhapsody of FireRhapsody of FireRhapsody of Fire is an Italian symphonic power metal band led by Alex Staropoli. Since forming in 1993, the band has released eight studio albums, one live album, two EPs, and a live DVD...
and Wingdom - Lelio Luttazzi, musician and showman
- Mauro MaurMauro Maur- Biography :First Trumpet for the Orchestra of the Opera House in Rome from 1985 to 2009, Mauro Maur has appeared on several popular television shows such as:...
, Italian trumpet player and composer - Alexander Moissi, Austrian stage actor of Albanian descent
- Denis NovatoDenis NovatoDenis Novato is a Slovene musician from Italy, and world champion player of the diatonic accordion.Novato was born in Dolina near Trieste, Italy. From the age of ten he studied for Susanne Zerial. At the international accordion festival in Urbino in 1988 his solo performance won the first prize,...
, Slovene musician - Lorenzo Pilat, singer-songwriter
- Alberto RandeggerAlberto RandeggerAlberto Randegger was an Italian-born composer, conductor and singing teacher, best known for promoting opera and new works of British music in England during the Victorian era and for his widely-used textbook on singing technique.-Life and career:Randegger was born in Trieste, Italy, the son of...
, composer - Enrico RavaEnrico RavaEnrico Rava , is a prolific jazz trumpeter and arguably one of the best known Italian jazz musicians. He originally played trombone, changing to the trumpet after hearing Miles Davis. His first commercial work was as a member of Gato Barbieri's Italian quintet in the mid-1960s; in the late 1960s...
, jazz trumpeter - Teddy Reno, singer
- Victor de SabataVictor de SabataVictor de Sabata was an Italian conductor and composer. He is widely recognized as one of the most distinguished operatic conductors of the twentieth century, especially for his Verdi, Puccini and Wagner. He is also acclaimed for his interpretations of orchestral music...
, conductor - Mila Sardoč, Slovenian film actress
- Laura SolariLaura SolariLaura Camaur , known by the stage name Laura Solari, was an Italian film actress.-Early life:Laura Camaur was born on 5 January 5, 1913, in Trieste, then part of Austria-Hungary. She was the daughter of sculptor and artist Antonio Camaur and his wife, Maria Taucer...
, film actress - Alex StaropoliAlex StaropoliAlessandro Staropoli is the keyboard player, composer and co-founder of the Italian symphonic metal band Rhapsody of Fire...
, keyboardist of the band Rhapsody of FireRhapsody of FireRhapsody of Fire is an Italian symphonic power metal band led by Alex Staropoli. Since forming in 1993, the band has released eight studio albums, one live album, two EPs, and a live DVD... - Elisa Toffoli, Nationally renowned singer/songwriter, pianist, and guitarist
- Luca TurilliLuca Turilli (musician)Luca Turilli is an Italian musician and composer. He is one of the founders of the symphonic power metal band Rhapsody of Fire. He also worked on a trilogy of solo albums as Luca Turilli...
, guitarist of the band Rhapsody of FireRhapsody of FireRhapsody of Fire is an Italian symphonic power metal band led by Alex Staropoli. Since forming in 1993, the band has released eight studio albums, one live album, two EPs, and a live DVD... - Ivan RassimovIvan RassimovIvan Rassimov was an Italian film actor of Serbian origin who appeared in many horror and exploitation films....
, Italian actor of Serbian descent - Rada RassimovRada RassimovRada Rassimov is an Italian actress who has appeared in film since the early 1960s and television since 1975....
, Italian actor of Serbian descent - Biaggio ChianeseBiaggio ChianeseBiaggio Chianese is a retired boxer from Italy, who won the bronze medal at both the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships and the 1987 European Amateur Boxing Championships in the men's heavyweight division.-References:...
, Italian boxer - Emilio Comici , climber , an early pioneer of the sport.
- Claudia CoslovichClaudia Coslovich-Career:Claudia Coslovich is an Italian athlete who specializes in the javelin throw. Her personal best was 65.30 metres, achieved in June 2000 in Ljubljana. She is a member of the Slovene ethnic minority of Friuli - Venezia Giulia.-Achievements:-External links:...
, athlete - Fabio CudiciniFabio CudiciniFabio Cudicini is an Italian former professional football goalkeeper, who played from 1955 to 1973. With his he was one of the tallest goalkeepers of his time....
, football player (goalkeeper) - Giorgio FerriniGiorgio FerriniGiorgio Ferrini was an Italian footballer.Ferrini was born at Trieste. He started his career at A.S. Varese 1910 , and moved to Torino F.C. in 1959, where he played until 1975, making 443 appearances and scoring 42 goals...
, football player - Livio FranceschiniLivio FranceschiniLivio Franceschini was an Italian basketball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Trieste....
, basketball player - Sandro GambaSandro GambaAlessandro Gamba , better known as Sandro Gamba, is an Italian basketball coach and former professional basketball player....
, basketball coach and player - Matteo GladigMatteo GladigMatteo Gladig was an Italian chess master.Born in Triest , he won at Triest 1905 , took 2nd, behind Giovanni Martinolich, at Triest 1909 , and drew a short match with Oldřich Duras at Triest 1909...
, Italian chess master - Margherita GranbassiMargherita GranbassiMargherita Granbassi is an Italian foil fencer.Granbassi won the gold medal at the foil 2006 World Fencing Championships after beating Valentina Vezzali 7-6 in the final. Later in the tournament she also won a silver in the team's foil event together with her team mates Elisa Di Francisca,...
, Italian foil fencer - Duilio LoiDuilio LoiDuilio Loi was an Italian boxer who held the Italian and European lightweight and welterweight titles, as well as the world junior welterweight championship. Loi fought from 1948 to 1962, and retired with a record of 115 wins , 3 losses and 8 draws...
, boxer - Giovanni MartinolichGiovanni MartinolichGiovanni Martinolich was an Italian chess master.Born in Trieste , The son of Dr Giovanni Martinolich , a lawyer, Sec. of the Austrian Association of Maritime law and legal advisor to the British and US Consulates and of Anna Gerolimich of Lussinpiccolo a ship owner, he studied in Vienna...
, Italian chess master - Giorgio OberwegerGiorgio OberwegerGiorgio Oberweger was an Italian athlete who competed mainly in the discus throw and in the 110 hs....
, athlete - Nicola PrincivalliNicola PrincivalliNicola Princivalli is an Italian footballer. He currently plays for Triestina in Serie B. He made his Serie B debut in a 3-1 win over Vicenza, on 13 October 2002....
, football player - Carlo RigottiCarlo RigottiCarlo Rigotti was an Italian football player and manager from Trieste. Over the course of his career, Rigotti played for three Serie A clubs; he started his career with hometown side Triestina, then going on to play for Milan and Novara.After retiring from the playing field, he became a manager at...
, football player - Nereo RoccoNereo RoccoNereo Rocco was an Italian football player and manager. He is famous for having been one of the most successful head coaches in Italy, and the first proponent of catenaccio in the country.-Playing career:...
, football legend - Tanja Romano, world champion artistic roller skaterArtistic roller skatingArtistic roller skating is a sport similar to figure skating but where constestants run on roller skates instead of ice skates. Within artistic roller skating there are several disciplines:* figures...
- Cesare RubiniCesare RubiniCesare Rubini was an Italian basketball player and coach, and water polo player. One of the greatest European coaches of all time, Rubini was inducted intto the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1994, the first and to this day one of the few Italian basketball figures to receive such an honour, together...
, water polo player - Giovanni SteffèGiovanni SteffèGiovanni Steffè is an Italian rower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics.He was born in Trieste.In 1948 he was a crew member of the Italian boat which won the silver medal in the coxed pairs event.-External links:*...
, rower - Max TonettoMax TonettoMax Tonetto is an Italian football defender. Naturally left footed, his preferred position is the left midfielder position...
, football player - Ferruccio Valcareggi, football player and coach
- Renzo VecchiatoRenzo VecchiatoRenzo Vecchiato is a former basketball player from Italy, who won the silver medal with his national team at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.-References:...
, basketball player - Elio De AnnaElio De AnnaElio De Anna is an Italian former rugby union player turned politician, currently president of the Province of Pordenone ....
, international and ITA national rugby player - Alessandro ZanniAlessandro ZanniAlessandro Zanni is an Italian rugby union footballer. He currently plays for Treviso in the Super 10 in Italy. His usual position is as a number 8, but in national team he plays often as substitute of Mauro Bergamasco in openside flanker position, or in blindside flanker position.Zanni made his...
, international and ITA national rugby player - Angelo Cecchelin, (1894-1964) comedic actor
Surnames
Twenty most common surnames in the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region.- 1. Rossi
- 2. Furlan
- 3. Moro
- 4. Fabbro
- 5. Visintin
- 6. TrevisanTrevisanTrevisan or Trevisani is a Venetian surname, and may refer to* Angelo Trevisani, Italian painter* Bernard Trevisan, Italian alchemist* Stéphane Trévisan, French Footballer* Carter Trevisani, Canadian ice hockey player...
- 7. MauroMauroMauro may refer to:Surname:* Michael Mauro, , Iowa Secretary of State* Philip Mauro, lawyer and author* Brian Mauro , American soldier and professional pianistGiven name:...
- 8. Zuliani
- 9. Fabris
- 10. BassoBasso (surname)Basso is an Italian surname, and may refer to:* Adriano Basso, Brazilian footballer* Claudio Basso, Argentine singer* Giandomenico Basso, Italian rally driver* Hamilton Basso, American novelist* Ivan Basso, Italian cyclist...
- 11. Santarossa
- 12. BeltrameBeltrameBeltrame is a traditional character of the Italian commedia dell'arte associated to the city of Milan, and dating back to the 16th-17th century or earlier...
- 13. DeganoEnrico DeganoEnrico Degano is an Italian professional road bicycle racer who rode for UCI Professional Continental team Barloworld until the team's demise....
- 14. Venier
- 15. MartinMartin (name)Martin may either be a surname or given name.Martin is a common given and family name in most European languages. It comes from the Latin name Martinus, which is a late derived form of the name of the Roman god Mars, the protective godhead of the Latins...
- 16. Romano
- 17. Corazza
- 18. Colussi
- 19. Benedetti
- 20. Ponce
External links
- Official site of the Autonomous Region of Friuli–Venezia Giulia
- Official site of the Autonomous Region of Friuli–Venezia Giulia
- fvg.INFO
- Map of Friuli–Venezia Giulia
- Airport of Friuli–Venezia Giulia
