Fuquan (prince)
Encyclopedia
Fuquan 福全 or Prince Yu (裕親王) was a Manchu
noble, the second son of the Shunzhi Emperor
and half-brother of the Kangxi Emperor
, both of the Qing dynasty
of China
. His mother was from the Donggo Clan. Fuquan was given the title of "Prince Yu" on February 6, 1671. In August 1690, the Kangxi Emperor granted Fuquan the title of "Generalissimo for the Pacification of Distant Lands" (撫遠大將軍) and sent him to lead a campaign against Galdan
, the Khan
of the Dzungar Khanate. Assisted by the Emperor's eldest son Yinti, Fuquan took his army north through the Gubeikou 古北口 pass while his brother Changning
led his troops through another pass, planning to converge on Galdan's position. Fuquan met and attacked Galdan at Ulan Butong (350 kilometers north of Beijing
) on September 3, 1690. Galdan's troops protected themselves from Qing artillery by hiding behind rows of camels and by finding refuge in a nearby forest. Although Galdan suffered losses, the battle was a standstill, yet Fuquan reported it as a victory. He returned to the capital on December 22. The Qing commanders who let Galdan escape were punished. Fuquan himself was stripped of his military rank and dismissed from the council of princes and high officials. He then retired from political life and later spent most of his time in literary circles.
Manchu
The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
noble, the second son of the Shunzhi Emperor
Shunzhi Emperor
The Shunzhi Emperor was the third emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from 1644 to 1661. "Shunzhi" was the name of his reign period...
and half-brother of the Kangxi Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
, both of the Qing dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. His mother was from the Donggo Clan. Fuquan was given the title of "Prince Yu" on February 6, 1671. In August 1690, the Kangxi Emperor granted Fuquan the title of "Generalissimo for the Pacification of Distant Lands" (撫遠大將軍) and sent him to lead a campaign against Galdan
Galdan
Choros Erdeniin Galdan was a Dzungar-Oirat Khan of the Dzungar Khanate. He was the fourth son of Erdeni Baatur Hongtaiji, founder of the Zunghar Khanate, thus Galdan is a descendant of Esen taishi...
, the Khan
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
of the Dzungar Khanate. Assisted by the Emperor's eldest son Yinti, Fuquan took his army north through the Gubeikou 古北口 pass while his brother Changning
Changning (prince)
Changning was a prince of the Qing Dynasty. He was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the fifth son of the Shunzhi Emperor. He was a half-brother to Shunzhi's successor, the Kangxi Emperor. His title was Prince Gong of the First Rank .-Biography:Changning received his princedom on 1 March 1671...
led his troops through another pass, planning to converge on Galdan's position. Fuquan met and attacked Galdan at Ulan Butong (350 kilometers north of Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
) on September 3, 1690. Galdan's troops protected themselves from Qing artillery by hiding behind rows of camels and by finding refuge in a nearby forest. Although Galdan suffered losses, the battle was a standstill, yet Fuquan reported it as a victory. He returned to the capital on December 22. The Qing commanders who let Galdan escape were punished. Fuquan himself was stripped of his military rank and dismissed from the council of princes and high officials. He then retired from political life and later spent most of his time in literary circles.