Changning (prince)
Encyclopedia
Changning was a prince of the Qing Dynasty
. He was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro
clan as the fifth son of the Shunzhi Emperor
. He was a half-brother to Shunzhi's successor, the Kangxi Emperor
. His title was Prince Gong of the First Rank (和碩恭親王).
, and then to combine his forces with those of his half-brother Fuquan
, the other commander-in-chief, in order to attack Galdan. They reached Galdan's position on September 3, but after a battle that ended in a standstill, they let Galdan escape, a mistake for which Changning was stripped of his place on the Deliberative Council of Princes and High Officials. In 1696 he took part in a new campaign that decisively weakened Galdan before the latter's final defeat in 1697. When he died in 1703, Changning was not given posthumous honors equal to his princely rank, and was not allowed to pass on his title to his descendants, who instead inherited diminished ranks according to the laws concerning the transmission of Qing nobility titles
.
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
. He was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro
Aisin Gioro
Aisin Gioro was the family name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing Dynasty. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which established a republican government in its place. The word aisin means gold in the Manchu language, and "gioro" is the name of the place in...
clan as the fifth son of the Shunzhi Emperor
Shunzhi Emperor
The Shunzhi Emperor was the third emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from 1644 to 1661. "Shunzhi" was the name of his reign period...
. He was a half-brother to Shunzhi's successor, the Kangxi Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
. His title was Prince Gong of the First Rank (和碩恭親王).
Biography
Changning received his princedom on 1 March 1671. In August 1690, he was named one of two commanders-in-chief for an expedition against Dzungar leader Galdan, a long-time enemy of the Qing Dynasty. Having been granted the title of "Great General Who Pacifies the North" (安北大將軍), he was ordered to march his armies through the Xifengkou Pass (喜峰口) north of BeijingBeijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, and then to combine his forces with those of his half-brother Fuquan
Fuquan (prince)
Fuquan 福全 or Prince Yu was a Manchu noble, the second son of the Shunzhi Emperor and half-brother of the Kangxi Emperor, both of the Qing dynasty of China. His mother was from the Donggo Clan. Fuquan was given the title of "Prince Yu" on February 6, 1671...
, the other commander-in-chief, in order to attack Galdan. They reached Galdan's position on September 3, but after a battle that ended in a standstill, they let Galdan escape, a mistake for which Changning was stripped of his place on the Deliberative Council of Princes and High Officials. In 1696 he took part in a new campaign that decisively weakened Galdan before the latter's final defeat in 1697. When he died in 1703, Changning was not given posthumous honors equal to his princely rank, and was not allowed to pass on his title to his descendants, who instead inherited diminished ranks according to the laws concerning the transmission of Qing nobility titles
Qing Dynasty nobility
The Qing Dynasty of China developed a complicated peerage system for ranking nobility. All titles were to be inherited by a noble's eldest son, but always one grade lower. There were instances, however, where an emperor approved of a title being hereditary . This was regarded as an honour by the...
.
Family
- Father: Shunzhi EmperorShunzhi EmperorThe Shunzhi Emperor was the third emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from 1644 to 1661. "Shunzhi" was the name of his reign period...
- Mother: Lady Chen (陳氏), a concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor.
- Spouse: Lady Gutu'er (古圖爾氏), personal name Jiancheng (建澄).
- Children:
- Yongshou (永壽), Changning's eldest son, granted the title of "General of the Third Class Who Assists the Nation" (三等輔國將軍), had no heir.
- Manduhu (滿都祜), Changning's second son, inherited the title of beile, later demoted to "Duke Who Receives Grace and Guards the Nation" (奉恩鎮國公).
- Haishan (海善), Changning's third son, inherited the title of beile, later stripped off his title. He was granted a posthumous name, Ximin (僖敏).