Aisin Gioro
Encyclopedia
Aisin Gioro was the family name of the Manchu
emperors of the Qing Dynasty
. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution
of 1911, which established a republican government
in its place. The word aisin means gold
in the Manchu language
, and "gioro" is the name of the place in present day Yilan, Heilongjiang Province. In Manchu custom, families are identified first by their Hala (哈拉), i.e. their family or clan name, and then by Mukūn (穆昆), the more detailed classification, typically referring to individual families. In the case of Aisin Gioro, Aisin is the Mukūn, and Gioro is the Hala. Other members of the Gioro clan include Irgen Gioro
(伊尔根觉罗), Susu Gioro (舒舒觉罗) and Sirin Gioro (西林觉罗).
The Jin dynasty (jin means gold in Chinese) of the Jurchens, ancestors of the Manchus, was known as aisin gurun, and the Qing dynasty was initially named (
) amaga aisin gurun, or Later Jin dynasty. Since the fall of the Empire, a number of members of the family have changed their surnames to Jin after the former dynasty. For example, Puyi
's younger brother changed his name from Aisin-Gioro Puren (愛新覺羅溥任) to Jin Youzhi
(金友之) and his children in turn are surnamed Jin.
, the naming of children in the Aisin Gioro clan was quite random. After taking control of China, however, the family gradually incorporated Han Chinese
ways of naming
. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor
, all of Kangxi's sons were to be named with a generation prefix
preceding the given name. There were three characters chosen, Cheng (承), Bao (保), and Chang (长), before finally deciding on Yin (胤) in Kangxi. The Yongzheng Emperor
's sons switched from Fu (福) to Hong (弘). Following Yongzheng, the Qianlong Emperor decided that all subsequent male offspring would have a generation code placed in their name according to a Generation Poem, of which Qianlong composed the first four characters, 永 綿 奕 載. Moreover, the names of brothers (born to the same father) will often contain a similar radical
or meaning. In one case, the Yongzheng Emperor changed the generation code of his brothers as a way of keeping his own name unique. Such practices apparently ceased to exist after the Daoguang Era.
Subsequent: Qi 启, Dao 焘, Kai 闿, Zeng 增, Qi 祺
Under Nurhaci
and his son Hong Taiji
, the Aisin Gioro clan of the Jianzhou tribe won hegemony among the rival Juchen tribes of the northeast, then through warfare and alliances extended its control into Inner Mongolia. Nurhachi created large, permanent civil-military units called “banners” to replace the small hunting groups used in his early campaigns. A banner was composed of smaller companies; it included some 7,500 warriors and their households, including slaves, under the command of a chieftain. Each banner was identified by a coloured flag that was yellow, white, blue, or red, either plain or with a border design. Originally there were four, then eight, Manchu banners; new banners were created as the Manchu conquered new regions, and eventually there were Manchu, Mongol, and Chinese banners, eight for each ethnic group. By 1648 less than one-sixth of the bannermen were actually of Manchu ancestry. The Manchu conquest was thus achieved with a multiethnic army led by Manchu nobles and Han Chinese generals. Han Chinese soldiers were organized into the Army of the Green Standard, which became a sort of imperial constabulary force posted throughout China and on the frontiers.
Mengtemu is identified as Möngke Temür
(猛哥帖木儿), who left Odoli at the invitation of the Ming Dynasty and was appointed as leader of the Jianzhou Left Guard. On the other hand, the founder of the Jianzhou Right Guard was Möngke Temür's half-brother Fanca. It is unclear whether he was the same person as Mentemu's ancestor, or if this was just a mistake by the Manchus. The Jianzhou Left Guard fell into chaos in the early 16th century. In addition, Sibeoci Fiyanggū and Fuman seem to have been fictional, because they did not appear in Chinese or Korean records. Maybe they were fabricated by the imperial family to claim its linkage to Möngke Temür.
1 Although Aisin Gioro is usually pronounced "Aixin Jueluo" in Mandarin, some argue that it should be "Aixin Jiaoluo", since the only pronunciation of the character 覺 corresponding to Manchu gio is jiao.
Manchu
The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
emperors of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution
Xinhai Revolution
The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, also known as Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing , and established the Republic of China...
of 1911, which established a republican government
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
in its place. The word aisin means gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
in the Manchu language
Manchu language
Manchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus...
, and "gioro" is the name of the place in present day Yilan, Heilongjiang Province. In Manchu custom, families are identified first by their Hala (哈拉), i.e. their family or clan name, and then by Mukūn (穆昆), the more detailed classification, typically referring to individual families. In the case of Aisin Gioro, Aisin is the Mukūn, and Gioro is the Hala. Other members of the Gioro clan include Irgen Gioro
Irgen Gioro
Irgen Gioro is a notable Manchu family name which has the largest population of the Gioro clan.-Introduction:As a big clan among Manchu people, Irgen Gioro distributes widely into many small families. The ones whose ancestors came from Yehe and Muši are the most illustrious Irgen Gioro families...
(伊尔根觉罗), Susu Gioro (舒舒觉罗) and Sirin Gioro (西林觉罗).
The Jin dynasty (jin means gold in Chinese) of the Jurchens, ancestors of the Manchus, was known as aisin gurun, and the Qing dynasty was initially named (
) amaga aisin gurun, or Later Jin dynasty. Since the fall of the Empire, a number of members of the family have changed their surnames to Jin after the former dynasty. For example, PuyiPuyi
Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
's younger brother changed his name from Aisin-Gioro Puren (愛新覺羅溥任) to Jin Youzhi
Jin Youzhi
Jīn Yǒuzhī , born Pǔrèn , is the fourth and youngest son of Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun, and is, at age , the only surviving brother of Puyi, the last Emperor of China and of Manchukuo....
(金友之) and his children in turn are surnamed Jin.
Family naming code
Before the founding the Qing DynastyQing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, the naming of children in the Aisin Gioro clan was quite random. After taking control of China, however, the family gradually incorporated Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
ways of naming
Chinese name
Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Most noticeably, a Chinese name is written with the family name first and the given name next, therefore "John-Paul Smith" as a Chinese name would be "Smith John-Paul"...
. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
, all of Kangxi's sons were to be named with a generation prefix
Generation name
Generation name, variously zibei or banci, is one of the characters in a traditional Chinese name, and is so called because each member of a generation share that character, unlike surnames or given names...
preceding the given name. There were three characters chosen, Cheng (承), Bao (保), and Chang (长), before finally deciding on Yin (胤) in Kangxi. The Yongzheng Emperor
Yongzheng Emperor
The Yongzheng Emperor , born Yinzhen , was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military...
's sons switched from Fu (福) to Hong (弘). Following Yongzheng, the Qianlong Emperor decided that all subsequent male offspring would have a generation code placed in their name according to a Generation Poem, of which Qianlong composed the first four characters, 永 綿 奕 載. Moreover, the names of brothers (born to the same father) will often contain a similar radical
Radical (Chinese character)
A Chinese radical is a component of a Chinese character. The term may variously refer to the original semantic element of a character, or to any semantic element, or, loosely, to any element whatever its origin or purpose...
or meaning. In one case, the Yongzheng Emperor changed the generation code of his brothers as a way of keeping his own name unique. Such practices apparently ceased to exist after the Daoguang Era.
| Order | Generation code | Radical code | Examples | |
| 1 | Yongzheng Emperor Yongzheng Emperor The Yongzheng Emperor , born Yinzhen , was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military... |
Yin, 胤/Yun, 允 | Fortune (Shi) 示 | Yinzhi Yinzhi Aisin Gioro Yinzhi was the third son of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. His mother, the Consort Rong , was of the Manchu Magiya clan . He was born on the twentieth day of the second lunar month in the twenty-sixth year of the Kangxi era... , 胤祉 |
| 2 | Qianlong Emperor Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796... |
Hong, 弘 | Sun/Day (Ri) 日 | Hongzhou Hongzhou, Prince He Aisin-Gioro Hongzhou, the Prince He was the fifth son of the Yongzheng Emperor of Qing Dynasty. His mother, Imperial Noble Consort Chun Yi of Geng, was the daughter of Kanrei Geng Dejin .... , 弘晝 |
| 3 | Jiaqing Emperor Jiaqing Emperor The Jiaqing Emperor was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820.... |
Yong, 永/Yong, 顒 | Jade (Yu) 玉 | Yongqi Yongqi, Prince Rong Aisin-Gioro Yongqi was the fifth son of the Qianlong Emperor, and bore the title "Prince Rong" . His mother was Noble Consort Yu, a member of the Haigiya clan.-Portrayal In Dramas:... ,永琪 |
| 4 | Daoguang Emperor Daoguang Emperor The Daoguang Emperor was the eighth emperor of the Manchurian Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.-Early years:... |
Mian, 綿/Min, 旻 | Emotion (Xin) 心 | Mianyu, 綿愉 |
| 5 | Xianfeng Emperor Xianfeng Emperor The Xianfeng Emperor , born Aisin-Gioro I Ju, was the ninth Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1850 to 1861.-Family and his early years:... |
Yi, 奕 | Literary (Yan) 言 | Yixin, 奕訢 |
| 6 | Guangxu Emperor Guangxu Emperor The Guangxu Emperor , born Zaitian of the Aisin-Gioro clan, was the eleventh emperor of the Manchurian Qing Dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, under Empress Dowager Cixi's influence, only from 1889 to 1898... |
Zai, 載 | Water (Shui) 水 | Zaifeng Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun The 2nd Prince Chun was born Zaifeng , of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro clan . He was the leader of China between 1908 and 1911, serving as regent for his son Puyi, the Xuantong Emperor.His courtesy name was Yiyun... , 載灃 |
| 7 | Xuantong Emperor Puyi Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the... |
Pu, 溥 | Human (Single Ren) 人 | Pujie Pujie -External links:**... , 溥傑 |
| 8 | Yu'e, 毓峨 | Yu, 毓 | Mountain (Shan) 山 | Yuzhan Yuzhan Yuzhan is a descendant of the ruling Aisin Gioro house of the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China, and the seventh son of Puwei. If the monarchy restored, he will be known as Prince Gong of the First Order. He is also a great grandson of Yixin, Prince Gong.-References:... , 毓嶦 |
| 9 | Hengtai, 恒鈦 | Heng, 恒 | Metal/Gold (Jin) 金 | Hengjiang, 恒鏹 |
Subsequent: Qi 启, Dao 焘, Kai 闿, Zeng 增, Qi 祺
Foundation
The Aisin Gioro clan, as a Manchu clan, claimed descent from the Jurchen people, who founded the Jin Dynasty nearly 5 centuries earlier in China under the Wanggiyan (完顏 Wányán) clan.Under Nurhaci
Nurhaci
Nurhaci was an important Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late sixteenth century in what is today Northeastern China...
and his son Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji , also transliterated as Huang Taiji based on the Chinese language transcription of his name, was the first Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.Hong Taiji was the first Emperor of the Qing dynasty after acceding to the title in 1636...
, the Aisin Gioro clan of the Jianzhou tribe won hegemony among the rival Juchen tribes of the northeast, then through warfare and alliances extended its control into Inner Mongolia. Nurhachi created large, permanent civil-military units called “banners” to replace the small hunting groups used in his early campaigns. A banner was composed of smaller companies; it included some 7,500 warriors and their households, including slaves, under the command of a chieftain. Each banner was identified by a coloured flag that was yellow, white, blue, or red, either plain or with a border design. Originally there were four, then eight, Manchu banners; new banners were created as the Manchu conquered new regions, and eventually there were Manchu, Mongol, and Chinese banners, eight for each ethnic group. By 1648 less than one-sixth of the bannermen were actually of Manchu ancestry. The Manchu conquest was thus achieved with a multiethnic army led by Manchu nobles and Han Chinese generals. Han Chinese soldiers were organized into the Army of the Green Standard, which became a sort of imperial constabulary force posted throughout China and on the frontiers.
From Fanca to Ningguta Beise
Suffering from tyranny, the people raided Odoli and killed all Bukūri Yongšon's descendants except Fanca. A magpie saved Fanca's life. Fanca's descendant Mengtemu went eastward to execute his ancestors' revenge in Hetu Ala and settled there. Mengtemu's sons were Cungšan and Cuyan. Cungšan's sons were Tolo, Toimo, and Sibeoci Fiyanggū. Sibeoci Fiyanggū's son was Fuman, and Fuman's six sons were called Ningguta Beise (Six Kings; or ningguta i mafa), who lived around Hetu Ala.Mengtemu is identified as Möngke Temür
Möngke Temür
Möngke Temür or Dudu Mentemu was the Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one fo the three tribes of the lower Sungari river valley in Manchuria...
(猛哥帖木儿), who left Odoli at the invitation of the Ming Dynasty and was appointed as leader of the Jianzhou Left Guard. On the other hand, the founder of the Jianzhou Right Guard was Möngke Temür's half-brother Fanca. It is unclear whether he was the same person as Mentemu's ancestor, or if this was just a mistake by the Manchus. The Jianzhou Left Guard fell into chaos in the early 16th century. In addition, Sibeoci Fiyanggū and Fuman seem to have been fictional, because they did not appear in Chinese or Korean records. Maybe they were fabricated by the imperial family to claim its linkage to Möngke Temür.
1 Although Aisin Gioro is usually pronounced "Aixin Jueluo" in Mandarin, some argue that it should be "Aixin Jiaoluo", since the only pronunciation of the character 覺 corresponding to Manchu gio is jiao.
The Emperors
- NurhaciNurhaciNurhaci was an important Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late sixteenth century in what is today Northeastern China...
, Tianming Khan, posthumous Emperor - Hung Taiji, Tiancong Khan, Chongde Emperor
- DorgonDorgonDorgon , also known as Hošoi Mergen Cin Wang, the Prince Rui , was one of the most influential Manchu princes in the early Qing Dynasty. He laid the groundwork for the Manchu rule of China.-Early life:Dorgon was born in Yenden, Manchuria , China...
, the Chengzong Emperor - Fulin, the Shunzhi EmperorShunzhi EmperorThe Shunzhi Emperor was the third emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from 1644 to 1661. "Shunzhi" was the name of his reign period...
- Xuanye, the Kangxi EmperorKangxi EmperorThe Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
- Yinzhen, the Yongzheng EmperorYongzheng EmperorThe Yongzheng Emperor , born Yinzhen , was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military...
- Hongli, the Qianlong EmperorQianlong EmperorThe Qianlong Emperor was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796...
- Yongyan, the Jiaqing EmperorJiaqing EmperorThe Jiaqing Emperor was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820....
- Minning, the Daoguang EmperorDaoguang EmperorThe Daoguang Emperor was the eighth emperor of the Manchurian Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.-Early years:...
- Yizhu, the Xianfeng EmperorXianfeng EmperorThe Xianfeng Emperor , born Aisin-Gioro I Ju, was the ninth Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1850 to 1861.-Family and his early years:...
- Zaichun, the Tongzhi EmperorTongzhi EmperorThe Tongzhi Emperor , born Aisin-Gioro Dzai Šun, was the tenth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1861 to 1875. His reign, which effectively lasted through his adolescence, was largely overshadowed by the rule of his mother, the Empress...
- Zaitian, the Guangxu EmperorGuangxu EmperorThe Guangxu Emperor , born Zaitian of the Aisin-Gioro clan, was the eleventh emperor of the Manchurian Qing Dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, under Empress Dowager Cixi's influence, only from 1889 to 1898...
- PuyiPuyiPuyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
, the Xuantong Emperor
Iron-cap princes and their descendants
By Qing tradition, the sons of Princes do not automatically inherit their father's title, but rather will inherit a title one level lower. However, there were 12 princes during the Qing Dynasty who were named "iron-cap princes" (铁帽子王), meaning that their princely titles will be "passed on forever" through each succeeding generation.- DaišanDaišanDaišan was an influential Manchu statesman and an imperial prince of the Qing Dynasty.-Family Background:He the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty...
, 1st Prince Li, second son of NurhaciNurhaciNurhaci was an important Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late sixteenth century in what is today Northeastern China...
, seniormost Beile- Shiduo, descendant of Daišan, appointed Premier of China by Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1 , of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908....
- Shiduo, descendant of Daišan, appointed Premier of China by Empress Dowager Cixi
- Jirhalang, 1st Prince Zheng, 6th son of Nurhaci's brother SurhaciŠurhaciŠurhaci ; ) , was a Jurchen leader, a member of the Aisin Gioro clan, he was a younger brother of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin Dynasty, of what would become the Qing Dynasty...
(舒爾哈齊), regent during ShunzhiShunzhi EmperorThe Shunzhi Emperor was the third emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from 1644 to 1661. "Shunzhi" was the name of his reign period...
's reign.- DuanhuaDuanhuaDuanhua was a Manchu noble of the Bordered Blue Banner from the Aisin-Gioro clan. Until several days before his death he held the title of Prince Zheng, inherited as one of the eight "iron-cap" princes....
, 7th-generation descendant and 4th Prince Zheng, regent to Tongzhi Emperor, ousted by Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1 , of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908.... - SushunSushunSushun ; Styled: Yuting was born in the Manchu Aisin-Gioro Clan as the sixth son of Ulgungga , the Prince Zheng....
, brother of Duanhua, executed by Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1 , of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908.... - Jin Shaoxun, last Prince Zheng
- Duanhua
- DorgonDorgonDorgon , also known as Hošoi Mergen Cin Wang, the Prince Rui , was one of the most influential Manchu princes in the early Qing Dynasty. He laid the groundwork for the Manchu rule of China.-Early life:Dorgon was born in Yenden, Manchuria , China...
, 1st Prince Rui, 14th son of Nurhaci, regentRegentA regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
, de facto ruler during ShunzhiShunzhi EmperorThe Shunzhi Emperor was the third emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from 1644 to 1661. "Shunzhi" was the name of his reign period...
's reign - DodoDodo (prince)Dodo was a Manchu prince and military general of the early Qing Dynasty. His title was "Prince Yu of the First Rank" .-Family background:...
, 1st Prince Yu, 15th son of Nurhaci - Hooge, Prince SuHooge, Prince SuHooge was a prominent Manchu prince. He was the eldest son of Emperor Huang Taiji of the Qing Dynasty. He was the founder of the House of Prince Su .-Life:...
, eldest son of Hung Taiji- Shanqi, 10th Prince Su, prominent during Puyi restoration of 1919
- SoseSoseSose or SOSE may refer to:*Social sciences, also called Studies of Society and Environment*Sose Mayrig, Armenian female fedayee*Service-oriented Software Engineering*Sins of a Solar Empire, a video game*System of systems engineering...
, Prince Chengze, 5th son of Hung Taiji- Boggodo, 1st Prince Zhuang, eldest son of Shuosai, changed the title to Prince Zhuang
- Yinlu, 16th son of the Kangxi EmperorKangxi EmperorThe Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
, adoption to Boggodo
- Yuetuo, 1st Prince of Keqin commandery, Daišan's eldest son
- Lokodhui, 1st Prince of Shuncheng commandery, Daišan's grandson
- Yinxiang, 1st Prince YiYinxiang, 1st Prince YiYinxiang, 1st Prince Yi of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro clan was a noble of the Qing Dynasty born as the 13th surviving son to the Kangxi Emperor...
, 13th son of the Kangxi EmperorKangxi EmperorThe Kangxi Emperor ; Manchu: elhe taifin hūwangdi ; Mongolian: Энх-Амгалан хаан, 4 May 1654 –20 December 1722) was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Pass and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, from 1661 to 1722.Kangxi's...
- Zaiyuan, 6th Prince YiZaiyuan, 6th Prince YiZaiyuan was a prince of the Qing Dynasty. He was also one of the eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor. His title was Prince Yi of the First Rank .-Biography:...
, regent to Tongzhi Emperor, ousted by Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1 , of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908....
- Zaiyuan, 6th Prince Yi
- Yixin, Prince Gong, 6th son of the Daoguang EmperorDaoguang EmperorThe Daoguang Emperor was the eighth emperor of the Manchurian Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.-Early years:...
- Puwei, grandson of Yixin, supported Zhang XunZhang Xun (Republic of China)Zhang Xun was a Qing-loyalist general who attempted to restore the abdicated emperor Puyi in 1917. He supported Yuan Shikai during his time as president....
's restoration
- Puwei, grandson of Yixin, supported Zhang Xun
- Yixuan, 1st Prince ChunYixuan, 1st Prince ChunYixuan, 1st Prince Chun was a prince of the Qing Dynasty, the last reigning dynasty of China. He was the father of the dynasty's penultimate emperor, the Guangxu Emperor, and the paternal grandfather of China's last emperor, Puyi.-Birth and early life:Aisin Gioro Yi Xuan was born a son of the...
, 7th son of the Daoguang EmperorDaoguang EmperorThe Daoguang Emperor was the eighth emperor of the Manchurian Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.-Early years:...
- Zaifeng, 2nd Prince ChunZaifeng, 2nd Prince ChunThe 2nd Prince Chun was born Zaifeng , of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro clan . He was the leader of China between 1908 and 1911, serving as regent for his son Puyi, the Xuantong Emperor.His courtesy name was Yiyun...
, son of Yixuan, last regent (therefore ruler) of Imperial China during the reign of his son PuyiPuyiPuyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
- Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun
- Yikuang, Prince QingYikuang, Prince QingYikuang, the Prince Qing , was a Manchu prince of the late Qing Dynasty, who was the first premier of China...
, grandson of Qianlong EmperorQianlong EmperorThe Qianlong Emperor was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796...
's 17th son Yonglin- ZaizhenZaizhenZaizhen was a noble of the late Qing Dynasty from the ruling Aisin-gioro clan....
, 2nd Prince Qing, early republican entrepreneurEntrepreneurAn entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...
- Zaizhen
Prominent political figures
- AjigeAjigeAjige was a prince and general of the Qing Dynasty. He was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the 12th son of Nurhaci, khan of the Later Jin Dynasty ....
, Prince Ying, 12th son to NurhaciNurhaciNurhaci was an important Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late sixteenth century in what is today Northeastern China... - Yinsi, Prince LianYinsi, Prince LianYinsi, the Prince Lian to avoid breaching the tradition of naming taboo on the Yongzheng Emperor's name; Akina after losing his peerage title) was born to the Kangxi Emperor and Imperial Consort Liang of the Wei clan As the Kangxi Emperor's eighth son, he was the Eighth Imperial Prince.After...
, 8th son to Kangxi, expelled from clan - Yinti, Prince XunYinti, Prince XunYinti , born Yinzhen of the Aisin Gioro clan, was the 14th son of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He was born to Empress Xiaogongren and was a full younger brother of the Yongzheng Emperor. As his original name was similar to Yongzheng's personal name, Yinzhen , it was changed to Yinti...
, 14th son to Kangxi, general in XinjiangXinjiangXinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
, rumoured successor to the throne - Hongzhou, Prince HeHongzhou, Prince HeAisin-Gioro Hongzhou, the Prince He was the fifth son of the Yongzheng Emperor of Qing Dynasty. His mother, Imperial Noble Consort Chun Yi of Geng, was the daughter of Kanrei Geng Dejin ....
, 5th son to Yongzheng EmperorYongzheng EmperorThe Yongzheng Emperor , born Yinzhen , was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military... - Yonghuang, eldest son of the Qianlong EmperorQianlong EmperorThe Qianlong Emperor was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796...
- Miankai, 3rd son of the Jiaqing EmperorJiaqing EmperorThe Jiaqing Emperor was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820....
- Mianyu, 5th son of the Jiaqing EmperorJiaqing EmperorThe Jiaqing Emperor was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820....
- Yicong, 5th son of the Daoguang EmperorDaoguang EmperorThe Daoguang Emperor was the eighth emperor of the Manchurian Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.-Early years:...
- ZaixunZaixunZaixun was a prince of the Qing Dynasty. His title was Prince Zhuang of the First Rank .-Biography:...
, 6th son of Yixuan, Minister of the Navy in YikuangYikuang, Prince QingYikuang, the Prince Qing , was a Manchu prince of the late Qing Dynasty, who was the first premier of China...
's cabinet - ZaizeZaizeZaize was a Manchu noble Aisin Gioro clan. Born Zaijiao, he was the grandson of Mianyu, Prince Hui, younger brother of the Daoguang Emperor...
, Mianyu's grandson, Chinese envoy to the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and EuropeEuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, Minister of Finance in YikuangYikuang, Prince QingYikuang, the Prince Qing , was a Manchu prince of the late Qing Dynasty, who was the first premier of China...
's cabinet - Pulun, grandson of Yiwei, Daoguang's eldest son, Minister of Industry and Agriculture in Yikuang's cabinet
- Zaiyi, prominent anti-foreign leader during the Boxer RebellionBoxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion, also called the Boxer Uprising by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" , or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" , in China between...
, was on the Boxer's side most of the time
Others
- PujiePujie-External links:**...
, Zaifeng's 2nd son, later member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative ConferenceChinese People's Political Consultative ConferenceThe Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [], shortened as 人民政协, Rénmín Zhèngxié, i.e. "People's PCC"; or just 政协, Zhèngxié, i.e. "The PCC"), abbreviated CPPCC, is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China...
. Head of the house from 1967 until his death in 1994. - Jin YouzhiJin YouzhiJīn Yǒuzhī , born Pǔrèn , is the fourth and youngest son of Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun, and is, at age , the only surviving brother of Puyi, the last Emperor of China and of Manchukuo....
(Puren), Zaifeng's 4th son - Pu Xuezhai, guqinGuqinThe guqin is the modern name for a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family...
player and Chinese paintingChinese paintingChinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. The earliest paintings were not representational but ornamental; they consisted of patterns or designs rather than pictures. Early pottery was painted with spirals, zigzags, dots, or animals...
artist - Aisin Gioro Yuhuan, sanxianSanxianThe sanxian is a Chinese lute — a three-stringed fretless plucked musical instrument. It has a long fingerboard, and the body is traditionally made from snakeskin stretched over a rounded rectangular resonator. It is made in several sizes for different purposes and in the late 20th century a...
player and Chinese paintingChinese paintingChinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. The earliest paintings were not representational but ornamental; they consisted of patterns or designs rather than pictures. Early pottery was painted with spirals, zigzags, dots, or animals...
artist - Pu RuPu RuPu Ru also known as Pu Hsin-Yu was a member of the Qing Dynasty ruling Aisin Gioro family and grandson the Daoguang Emperor. The last emperor of China, Pu Yi, was his cousin...
, painter, professor, and politician in TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
Present-day
- Jin YouzhiJin YouzhiJīn Yǒuzhī , born Pǔrèn , is the fourth and youngest son of Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun, and is, at age , the only surviving brother of Puyi, the last Emperor of China and of Manchukuo....
, Half-brother of Puyi and current head of the house. He was formerly Prince Puren. - YuyanYuyanYuyan , style name Yanrui , nickname Xiaoruizi , was a Chinese calligrapher and a member of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing Dynasty. He claimed that he was appointed heir by Puyi, the Last Emperor of China...
(deceased 1997), nephew of Puyi and a claimant as heir - Hengzhen, eldest son of Yuyan
- QigongQigong (artist)Qigong was a renowned Manchu Chinese calligrapher, artist, painter, connoisseur and sinologist. He was an advisor for the September 3 Society, one of China's recognized political parties....
, ninth generation descendant of the Yongzheng EmperorYongzheng EmperorThe Yongzheng Emperor , born Yinzhen , was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the third Qing emperor from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, Yongzheng's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military...
, eminent Chinese calligraphy artist - Jin YuzhangJin YuzhangJīn Yùzhàng is a descendant of the Qīng Dynasty , the Imperial Family of the Aisin-Gioro clan. He is the eldest grandson of Zaifeng, 2nd Prince Chun, and the eldest son of Jin Youzhi, formerly Pǔrèn, making Jin an heir to the Chinese throne. According to a succession law adopted in 1937, the...
, deputy Governor of Chaoyang District, BeijingChaoyang District, BeijingChaoyang District is a district of Beijing, China.Chaoyang is home to the majority of Beijing's many foreign embassies, the well-known Sanlitun bar street, as well as Beijing's growing CBD. The Olympic Park, built for the 2008 Summer Olympics, is also in Chaoyang...
(son of Jin Youzhi) - Sayadeth Yuhao, Chairman of the LaosLaosLaos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...
Economic Bureau - Zhao JunzheZhao JunzheZhao Junzhe is a professional Chinese football player currently playing for Liaoning FC. He represented the Chinese football team and appeared in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Personally Zhao is a descendant of Boolungga, brother of Giocangga...
, ChineseChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
football player http://www.laty.gov.cn/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=24693. - Jinliang (金量), fifth generation of Dao Quang, Prince Chun (醇王) of Blood (亲王) 1st rank of prince, great-grandson of Prince Zaitao, and great-grandnephew of Guangxu Emperor, Xuantong (Puyi) emperor is his grand uncle
- King Pu-tsungKing Pu-tsungKing Pu-tsung is a Taiwanese politician and is widely regarded as the most important aide to Ma Ying-jeou. He served as the Secretary-General of Kuomintang from December 2009 to January 2011...
(born 1956), a cousin of Puyi, newly appointed TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
ese Secretary-General of Kuomintang - Jin GuangpingJin GuangpingJin Guangping or Aisin-Gioro Hengxu was a Chinese linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts.-Biography:...
(Aisin-Gioro Hengxu), scholar of Jurchen languageJurchen languageJurchen language is an extinct language. It was spoken by Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the creators of the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It is classified as a Southwestern Tungusic language.-Writing:...
and Khitan languageKhitan languageThe Khitan language is a now-extinct language once spoken by the Khitan people . Khitan is generally deemed to be genetically linked to the Mongolic languages. It was written using two mutually exclusive writing systems known as the Khitan large script and the Khitan small script... - Jin QizongJin QizongJin Qizong or Aisin-Gioro Qizong was a Chinese historian and linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Manchu and Jurchen languages...
(Aisin-Gioro Qizong), historian and scholar of Manchu languageManchu languageManchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus...
and Jurchen languageJurchen languageJurchen language is an extinct language. It was spoken by Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the creators of the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It is classified as a Southwestern Tungusic language.-Writing:... - Aisin-Gioro UlhicunAisin-Gioro UlhicunAisin-Gioro Ulhicun is a Chinese linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for her studies of the Manchu, Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts. She is also known as a historian of the Liao and Jin dynasties...
, historian and scholar or Manchu languageManchu languageManchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus...
, Jurchen languageJurchen languageJurchen language is an extinct language. It was spoken by Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the creators of the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It is classified as a Southwestern Tungusic language.-Writing:...
, and Khitan languageKhitan languageThe Khitan language is a now-extinct language once spoken by the Khitan people . Khitan is generally deemed to be genetically linked to the Mongolic languages. It was written using two mutually exclusive writing systems known as the Khitan large script and the Khitan small script...