Gabriela Shalev
Encyclopedia
Gabriela Shalev is an Israel
i jurist. She was Israeli ambassador to the United Nations
.
in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1941. Her mother's parents were killed in Auschwitz, and her father's parents had to leave a comfortable life in Berlin and immigrate to the Yishuv
.
In 1959 she entered the Israel Defense Forces
, and she was honorably discharged in 1961 as a Lieutenant. In 1966, she received an LL.B. (summa cum laude) from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
. As a student, she helped support her family. She received an LL.M. (summa cum laude) in 1969, and Doctor Jur. (summa cum laude) in 1973, all from the Hebrew University. Her mentor was Gad Tadeschi.
Her husband, Shaul Shalev, was killed near the Suez Canal
in the 1973 Yom Kippur War
, and she raised her two children alone. She was a Visiting Scholar (post-doctoral research) at Harvard Law School
from 1975 to 1976.
Shalev worked as a clerk at the Supreme Court of Israel
from 1964 to 1966, and at the legal department of the Jewish Agency in 1967. She was admitted to the Israeli Bar in 1968. She was Chief Legal Editor of the Judgments of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1968 to 1980 (and again in 1998), and Chief Legal Advisor for the reform in national health services in 1991. She was Legal advisor, arbitrator, and expert, in Israel and abroad, on litigation matters concerning national and international transactions.
She was a visiting Professor at Temple Law School, Philadelphia ,in 1975, Boston College School of Law in 1976 and 1981, Tulane Law School in 1988, University of Glasgow School of Law
in 1991, the University of Toronto
in 1993, Leuven University in 1996, and University of Fribourg
in 1998.
Shalev was Director of the Harry Sacher Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law at the Hebrew University Faculty of Law from 1981 to 1984, and a member of the Standard Contracts Tribunal, starting 1983. She was a member of the Codification in Civil Law Committee from 1984 to 2006, and a Legal editor of the Hebrew Encyclopedias new edition in 1984. She was an advisor on the status of women at the Hebrew University from 1988 to 1990, and became a member of the Committee for Legal Terminology at The Academy of the Hebrew Language in Israel in 1990. She was chairperson of the academic Nomination Committee of the Hebrew University from 1991 to 1994, and appointed chairperson of the Fund for Promotion of Law at the Israeli Ministry of Justice
from 1991 to 2000. She was an member of A Statutory Committee for recognition of law schools from 1991 to 1995.
Shalev was an academic advisor of the College of Insurance from 1993 to 1998, and chairperson of the Israeli Academic Committee at the University of Manchester
from 1995 to 2002. She was a member of the Academic Committee at the Open University
from 2001 to 2004. She became the Academic President (Rector) of the Ono Academic College
in 2002.
Shalev is regarded as a leading expert in Israel in the fields of contract law and procurement contracts, for which she has provided legal advice and crafted legal opinions, both domestically and abroad. She has written nine books and more than 100 articles in Hebrew and in English, mostly within contract law. Her publications include: Law of Contract (2nd ed., 1995, Hebrew), a treatise on Israeli Contract Law; Contract Law, Israel, a monograph forming part of the International Encyclopedia of Law (Kluwer, 1995); The Law of Government Procurement (1999, Hebrew), Public Procurement Contracts in Israel (1997), Public Procurement Law Review 185. Her books are used in law schools and law offices in Israel. Her most recent book is Contract Law – General Part, Towards Codification of the Civil Law, which is an updated version of her previous works.
Professor Shalev’s most recent books are "Contract Law –– General Part" (published in 2005) and "Contract Law –– Remedies for Breach" (published in 2009).
She won the Sussman's Prize in Law in 1989, became The first incumbent of the Hebrew University's Lawrence D. Biele Chair in Contract Law in 1990, and won the Zeltner's Prize in Law in 1991. She won the Israel Bar Association prize in 2003.
and Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni
as Israel's new ambassador to the United Nations, replacing Dan Gillerman
. Livni's associates said: "The UN is an arena that requires other skills in addition to diplomatic know-how. The fact that she is a woman, and a jurist respected throughout the world, with a great deal of public experience, makes her the best candidate". Livni was criticized for the pick, but responded, "It was important to me to appoint a woman to represent Israel in such an important place.... Professor Shalev is internationally respected; she has fulfilled many public positions in Israel".
On September 8, she presented her diplomatic credentials to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
, and became the first woman to serve as Israel's ambassador to the UN. She said that: "as a woman, a professor and above all as a proud Israeli, I am happy for the opportunity given me to contribute to the state in the complex international arena of the United Nations".
Shalev was Israel's Ambassador to the UN until October 2010. She is now president of Ono Academic College
.
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
i jurist. She was Israeli ambassador to the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
.
Early life
Shalev was born in Tel AvivTel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1941. Her mother's parents were killed in Auschwitz, and her father's parents had to leave a comfortable life in Berlin and immigrate to the Yishuv
Yishuv
The Yishuv or Ha-Yishuv is the term referring to the body of Jewish residents in Palestine before the establishment of the State of Israel...
.
In 1959 she entered the Israel Defense Forces
Israel Defense Forces
The Israel Defense Forces , commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal , are the military forces of the State of Israel. They consist of the ground forces, air force and navy. It is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and has no civilian jurisdiction within Israel...
, and she was honorably discharged in 1961 as a Lieutenant. In 1966, she received an LL.B. (summa cum laude) from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ; ; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second-oldest university, after the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. The Hebrew University has three campuses in Jerusalem and one in Rehovot. The world's largest Jewish studies library is located on its Edmond J...
. As a student, she helped support her family. She received an LL.M. (summa cum laude) in 1969, and Doctor Jur. (summa cum laude) in 1973, all from the Hebrew University. Her mentor was Gad Tadeschi.
Her husband, Shaul Shalev, was killed near the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
in the 1973 Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria...
, and she raised her two children alone. She was a Visiting Scholar (post-doctoral research) at Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest continually-operating law school in the United States and is home to the largest academic law library in the world. The school is routinely ranked by the U.S...
from 1975 to 1976.
Shalev worked as a clerk at the Supreme Court of Israel
Supreme Court of Israel
The Supreme Court is at the head of the court system and highest judicial instance in Israel. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem.The area of its jurisdiction is all of Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme...
from 1964 to 1966, and at the legal department of the Jewish Agency in 1967. She was admitted to the Israeli Bar in 1968. She was Chief Legal Editor of the Judgments of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1968 to 1980 (and again in 1998), and Chief Legal Advisor for the reform in national health services in 1991. She was Legal advisor, arbitrator, and expert, in Israel and abroad, on litigation matters concerning national and international transactions.
Academic career
Shalev became a teacher and member of the Hebrew University Faculty of Law in 1964. She became a Full Professor of Contract Law at the Hebrew University in 1986.She was a visiting Professor at Temple Law School, Philadelphia ,in 1975, Boston College School of Law in 1976 and 1981, Tulane Law School in 1988, University of Glasgow School of Law
University of Glasgow School of Law
The School of Law at the University of Glasgow provides undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Law, and awards the degrees of Bachelor of Laws , Master of Laws , Master of Science , Master of Research and Doctor of Philosophy , the degree of Doctor of Laws...
in 1991, the University of Toronto
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada...
in 1993, Leuven University in 1996, and University of Fribourg
University of Fribourg
The University of Fribourg is a university in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland.The roots of the University can be traced back to 1582, when the notable Jesuit Peter Canisius founded the Collège Saint-Michel in the City of Fribourg. In 1763, an Academy of law was founded by the state of Frobourg...
in 1998.
Shalev was Director of the Harry Sacher Institute for Legislative Research and Comparative Law at the Hebrew University Faculty of Law from 1981 to 1984, and a member of the Standard Contracts Tribunal, starting 1983. She was a member of the Codification in Civil Law Committee from 1984 to 2006, and a Legal editor of the Hebrew Encyclopedias new edition in 1984. She was an advisor on the status of women at the Hebrew University from 1988 to 1990, and became a member of the Committee for Legal Terminology at The Academy of the Hebrew Language in Israel in 1990. She was chairperson of the academic Nomination Committee of the Hebrew University from 1991 to 1994, and appointed chairperson of the Fund for Promotion of Law at the Israeli Ministry of Justice
Justice Minister of Israel
The Justice Minister of Israel is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Justice and a position in the Israeli cabinet. The current minister is Ya'akov Ne'eman, an independent who is not a member of the Knesset....
from 1991 to 2000. She was an member of A Statutory Committee for recognition of law schools from 1991 to 1995.
Shalev was an academic advisor of the College of Insurance from 1993 to 1998, and chairperson of the Israeli Academic Committee at the University of Manchester
University of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public research university located in Manchester, United Kingdom. It is a "red brick" university and a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities and the N8 Group...
from 1995 to 2002. She was a member of the Academic Committee at the Open University
Open University
The Open University is a distance learning and research university founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom...
from 2001 to 2004. She became the Academic President (Rector) of the Ono Academic College
Ono Academic College
Ono Academic College is a college located in Kiryat Ono, Israel. Ono currently is capable of granting B.A., LL.B. and M.B.A. degrees. The college has a program that serves the Ultra-orthodox population by allowing men to attend classes on different days than women...
in 2002.
Shalev is regarded as a leading expert in Israel in the fields of contract law and procurement contracts, for which she has provided legal advice and crafted legal opinions, both domestically and abroad. She has written nine books and more than 100 articles in Hebrew and in English, mostly within contract law. Her publications include: Law of Contract (2nd ed., 1995, Hebrew), a treatise on Israeli Contract Law; Contract Law, Israel, a monograph forming part of the International Encyclopedia of Law (Kluwer, 1995); The Law of Government Procurement (1999, Hebrew), Public Procurement Contracts in Israel (1997), Public Procurement Law Review 185. Her books are used in law schools and law offices in Israel. Her most recent book is Contract Law – General Part, Towards Codification of the Civil Law, which is an updated version of her previous works.
Professor Shalev’s most recent books are "Contract Law –– General Part" (published in 2005) and "Contract Law –– Remedies for Breach" (published in 2009).
She won the Sussman's Prize in Law in 1989, became The first incumbent of the Hebrew University's Lawrence D. Biele Chair in Contract Law in 1990, and won the Zeltner's Prize in Law in 1991. She won the Israel Bar Association prize in 2003.
Board memberships
Shalev board memberships include:- MaarivMaarivMaariv is a Hebrew language daily newspaper published in Israel. It is second in sales after Yedioth Ahronoth and third in readership after Yedioth Ahronoth and Israel HaYom. In a TGI survey comparing the last half of 2009 with the same period in 2008, Maariv saw its market share fall slightly...
(newspaper publisher) in 1991 - Israel Democracy InstituteIsrael Democracy InstituteThe Israel Democracy Institute , established in 1991, is an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Jerusalem, Israel. -History and goals:...
since 1991 - Bank HapoalimBank HapoalimBank Hapoalim is Israel’s largest bank. As of 31 December 2008 it had total consolidated assets of NIS 306.85 billion. The Bank has a significant presence in global financial markets. In Israel, the Group has over 260 full-service branches, eight regional business centers, and industry desks...
(where she served as chair of the audit committee) from 1990 to 1996 - Van Leer Jerusalem InstituteVan Leer Jerusalem InstituteThe Van Leer Jerusalem Institute is an academic institute in Jerusalem established in 1959 by the Van Leer family of the Netherlands.The Van Leer Institute is a center for the interdisciplinary study and discussion of issues related to philosophy, society, culture and education...
as trustee since 1995 - Israel Electric Company (chair of audit committee) from 1995 to 2004
- Hadassah Medical Organization from 1996 to 2000
- Israel Fund for Peace (established by Yitzhak RabinYitzhak Rabin' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
and Shimon PeresShimon PeresGCMG is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years...
) from 1996 to 2004 (chairing the audit committee) - First International Bank of IsraelFirst International Bank of IsraelThe First International Bank of Israel is an Israeli bank founded in 1972 through the merger of several smaller banks. It is the fifth largest bank in Israel...
(FIBI) Holdings from 1998 to 2002 - Koor Industries in 1999
- Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi (chairing the public committee) since 2000
- Osem InvestmentsOsem (company)Osem Investments Ltd. is one of the largest food manufacturers and distributors in Israel.The group is majority owned by Nestlé S.A...
since 2001 - Teva Pharmaceutical IndustriesTeva Pharmaceutical IndustriesTeva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. , is an international pharmaceutical company headquartered in Petah Tikva, Israel. It specializes in generic and proprietary pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients...
Ltd since 2003 - Delek GroupDelek GroupDelek Group is of one Israel's largest companies, owned by Isaac Sharon , a self-made multi-millionaire. Delek Group is involved in the energy and infrastructure, with investments in upstream and downstream energy, water desalination and power plants. Delek Group' subsidiaries are also involved in...
Ltd. since 2006.
Ambassador to the United Nations
On June 24, 2008, Shalev was nominated by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud OlmertEhud Olmert
Ehud Olmert is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009, as a Cabinet Minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006, and as Mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003....
and Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni
Tzipi Livni
Tzipporah Malkah "Tzipi" Livni is an Israeli lawyer and politician. She is the current Israeli Opposition Leader and leader of Kadima, the largest party in the Knesset. Raised an ardent nationalist, Livni has become one of her nation's leading voices for the two-state solution. In Israel she has...
as Israel's new ambassador to the United Nations, replacing Dan Gillerman
Dan Gillerman
Dan Gillerman was Israel's 13th Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He was appointed in July 2002 and assumed his post on January 1, 2003, serving through 2008.- Education :...
. Livni's associates said: "The UN is an arena that requires other skills in addition to diplomatic know-how. The fact that she is a woman, and a jurist respected throughout the world, with a great deal of public experience, makes her the best candidate". Livni was criticized for the pick, but responded, "It was important to me to appoint a woman to represent Israel in such an important place.... Professor Shalev is internationally respected; she has fulfilled many public positions in Israel".
On September 8, she presented her diplomatic credentials to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon is the eighth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations, after succeeding Kofi Annan in 2007. Before going on to be Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he...
, and became the first woman to serve as Israel's ambassador to the UN. She said that: "as a woman, a professor and above all as a proud Israeli, I am happy for the opportunity given me to contribute to the state in the complex international arena of the United Nations".
Shalev was Israel's Ambassador to the UN until October 2010. She is now president of Ono Academic College
Ono Academic College
Ono Academic College is a college located in Kiryat Ono, Israel. Ono currently is capable of granting B.A., LL.B. and M.B.A. degrees. The college has a program that serves the Ultra-orthodox population by allowing men to attend classes on different days than women...
.
External links
- Frances RadayFrances RadayFrances Raday is an Israeli scholar who was Chief Editor of the Israel Law Review from 1996 until 2001, and is emeritus professor of law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.-Career:...
and Mika Levy, Biography of Gabriela Shalev, Jewish Women's Archive