Galiot Mandat de Grancey
Encyclopedia
Antoine Jean Galiot Mandat (7 May 1731, in the outskirts of Paris – 10 August 1792, on the steps of the Hôtel de Ville, Paris
), known as the Marquis de Mandat, was a much-admired French nobleman, general and politician. A knight and lord of Berny-en-Santerre
and Les Pins
in the Vendômois
, he became a colonel in the Gardes-Françaises, then succeeded La Fayette as commander of the National Guard
in 1792. He was assassinated by insurgents (possibly Jean Antoine Rossignol
) in the events of the 10 August during the French Revolution
.
(in Champagne
), has continued until our days and distinguish itself for many generations by its devotion to the monarchy.
Antoine Galiot Mandat was the son of Galiot V Mandat (1683–1755), Maître des Requêtes
ordinaire de l'Hôtel du Roi, received to the Grand Conseil on 6 March 1720. His mother, Marie Anne Cherouvrier des Grassières, was sister-in-law to marquis Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny
, Intendant
of the Généralité de Limoges. The king confirmed his father in the land and seigneurie of Les Pins
, in the north east of Touraine
on 13 June 1727.
He was baptised at Église Saint-Sulpice. He served in the First Company of Musketeers of the Garde ordinaire du Roi from 26 November 1753 to 2 March 1755, as enseigne à drapeau
to the regiment of the Gardes-Françaises (1755–57), then as Enseigne à Pique (from 5 June 1757) and sous-lieutenant (23 December 1759) in the same regiment.
Antoine Galiot Mandat married Angélique Simone Boucher, daughter of a conseiller to the Parlement de Paris on 21 January 1758. They had two children – Alexandre, ensign to the regiment of the Gardes-Françaises, and a daughter married to a conseiller to the Parlement de Paris. Antoine's father split his fortune between his children on his death in 6 April 1762.
In 1789, he left the Gardes-Françaises, at the rank of captain or colonel retiré du service, according to La Chenaye-Desbois. He was also a knight of the ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis. He tried in vain to become a gentleman of the court, but had to renounce his place despite his annual rent of 180,000 francs.
In the pre-revolutionary period Marquis Antoine-Jean-Galiot de Mandat was loved by everyone in Les Pins
, in the north east of Touraine
, even by those who would soon lead Revolutionary efforts in the area. He is known in history as "a noble who embraced the revolutionary party" and thus his behaviour corresponded to that of his neighbours and peasants.
"to the cause by his energy and his lights". His remarks leave no doubt as to his fidelity to the king:
His ideas favouring a constitutional monarchy
arose from those close to the king. Madame Campan, whose father was a friend of Mandat, answered Louis XVI's question "Who is this Mandat who at this moment commands the National Guard?" by saying "Sire, he is the most faithful of your subjects, but with much loyalty and very little intelligence. He is in the interests of the Constitution.". The National Guard's attitude in 1792 was less loyal than Mandat's, though it varied from battalion to battalion:
Guy de Rambaud also wrote that "the bataillon des Filles-Saint-Thomas, bataillon des Petits-Pères, bataillon de Henri IV and bataillon des Grands Augustins, protected us from brigands and rebels".
Antoine Galiot Mandat "always offered his head as a guarantee of the king's good intentions", but after the flight to Varennes
and due to revolutionary propaganda he could no longer succeed in convincing all the national guards. The battalions of the Saint-Antoine and Saint-Marceau faubourg
s were openly hostile to him from 1789 onwards and in the other battalions the poorest guards were favourable to Jacobin
ideas.
He replaced La Fayette shortly before 10 August 1792 as commander in chief of the National Guard. La Fayette had been impeached as a victim of false rumours as to his conduct and impeached. This proposition, backed by Brissot and heatedly fought by Vincent-Marie Viénot de Vaublanc and Quatremère de Quincy
, was repulsed by a majority of 406 votes against 224.
Because of the vote, the deputies who had provoked him were assaulted, beaten and threatened with death after the session had ended, until the National Guard came to their rescue. According to Hippolyte Taine
: As to de Vaublanc, the main defender of La Fayette, he was attacked three times, had taken the precaution not to go home but angry mobs showed up at his house, shouting that "four eighty people will perish at their hands, and he would be first." Twelve men who had climbed to into his apartment and rummaged around also ransacked nearby houses, and, unable to catch himself, looked for his family; they warned that if he returned to his home, he would be killed. La Fayette tendered his resignation.
The assault on the Tuileries was set for August 10. The people of Marseille were given gunpowder and bullets by the municipality – a fact known to the court.
Mandat, whose side was outnumbered, intended to defend the courts by posting some Swiss and grenadiers. He even amassed the National Guard in the garden and placed cannons on Pont Neuf
and St. John's Arcade, behind the Hotel de Ville
, to stop the rioters' descent from the suburbs.
Hôtel de Ville, Paris
The Hôtel de Ville |City Hall]]) in :Paris, France, is the building housing the City of Paris's administration. Standing on the place de l'Hôtel de Ville in the city's IVe arrondissement, it has been the location of the municipality of Paris since 1357...
), known as the Marquis de Mandat, was a much-admired French nobleman, general and politician. A knight and lord of Berny-en-Santerre
Berny-en-Santerre
Berny-en-Santerre is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The commune is situated at the junction of the D146 and D150 roads, one mile from the junction of the A1 and A29 autoroutes, some east of Amiens.-Population:...
and Les Pins
Les Pins
Les Pins is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
in the Vendômois
Vendômois
The Vendômois is a traditional area of France equivalent to the arrondissement of Vendôme, to the north of Loir-et-Cher, and on both sides of Loir....
, he became a colonel in the Gardes-Françaises, then succeeded La Fayette as commander of the National Guard
National Guard (France)
The National Guard was the name given at the time of the French Revolution to the militias formed in each city, in imitation of the National Guard created in Paris. It was a military force separate from the regular army...
in 1792. He was assassinated by insurgents (possibly Jean Antoine Rossignol
Jean Antoine Rossignol
Jean Antoine Rossignol, was a general of the French Revolutionary Wars-Early life:...
) in the events of the 10 August during the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
.
Heraldic arms
Azure, with a lion or; au chef d'argent, chargé d'une hure de sanglier de sable, défendue d'argent, accostée de deux roses de gueules.History
The family had formerly been a noble family in the Limousin, attested since 1339. Galiot Mandat, lord of Aigrefoin, was received as king's secretary for provisions on 31 October 1572 on the resignation of Louis Guybert and his father. Its descendents were in two branches, of which the elder died out when Antoine-Galiot Mandat, conseiller to the parlement de Metz by letters dated May 1640, received as conseiller to the parlement de Paris on 14 July 1649, died unmarried and without issue. The other branch, known as the barons of NullyNully-Trémilly
Nully-Trémilly is a former commune in the Haute-Marne département of north-eastern France.The two villages of Nully and Trémilly were merged from 01 December 1972 and 01 January 2005 ; they are now two separate communes.-Notes:...
(in Champagne
Champagne (province)
The Champagne wine region is a historic province within the Champagne administrative province in the northeast of France. The area is best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name...
), has continued until our days and distinguish itself for many generations by its devotion to the monarchy.
Antoine Galiot Mandat was the son of Galiot V Mandat (1683–1755), Maître des Requêtes
Maître des requêtes
Masters of Requests are high-level judicial officers of administrative law in France and other European countries that have existed in one form or another since the Middle Ages.-Old Regime France:...
ordinaire de l'Hôtel du Roi, received to the Grand Conseil on 6 March 1720. His mother, Marie Anne Cherouvrier des Grassières, was sister-in-law to marquis Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny
Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny
Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny was a French administrator active in 18th century Bordeaux.At first maître des requêtes, in 1730 he was made intendant to Limoges. In 1743, he became intendant of Guyenne in Bordeaux. He beautified the quays on the Garonne, adding buildings, opening avenues and...
, Intendant
Intendant
The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...
of the Généralité de Limoges. The king confirmed his father in the land and seigneurie of Les Pins
Les Pins
Les Pins is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
, in the north east of Touraine
Touraine
The Touraine is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. During the political reorganization of French territory in 1790, the Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.-Geography:...
on 13 June 1727.
Before 1789
Ensign (rank)
Ensign is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in an infantry regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag, the rank itself acquired the name....
to the regiment of the Gardes-Françaises (1755–57), then as Enseigne à Pique (from 5 June 1757) and sous-lieutenant (23 December 1759) in the same regiment.
Antoine Galiot Mandat married Angélique Simone Boucher, daughter of a conseiller to the Parlement de Paris on 21 January 1758. They had two children – Alexandre, ensign to the regiment of the Gardes-Françaises, and a daughter married to a conseiller to the Parlement de Paris. Antoine's father split his fortune between his children on his death in 6 April 1762.
In 1789, he left the Gardes-Françaises, at the rank of captain or colonel retiré du service, according to La Chenaye-Desbois. He was also a knight of the ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis. He tried in vain to become a gentleman of the court, but had to renounce his place despite his annual rent of 180,000 francs.
In the pre-revolutionary period Marquis Antoine-Jean-Galiot de Mandat was loved by everyone in Les Pins
Les Pins
Les Pins is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
, in the north east of Touraine
Touraine
The Touraine is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. During the political reorganization of French territory in 1790, the Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.-Geography:...
, even by those who would soon lead Revolutionary efforts in the area. He is known in history as "a noble who embraced the revolutionary party" and thus his behaviour corresponded to that of his neighbours and peasants.
After 1789
In 1789 Antoine Galliot Mandat was aged 58. He was head of the 4th Legion of the National Guard. He lived at rue Chapon, n° 3. Brave and loyal to his oath to defend the inviolability of the head of state and the head of state's house, he supported the new ideas but remained highly devoted to Louis XVI. He inspired great confidence in the royal court (in the words of Adolphe ThiersAdolphe Thiers
Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers was a French politician and historian. was a prime minister under King Louis-Philippe of France. Following the overthrow of the Second Empire he again came to prominence as the French leader who suppressed the revolutionary Paris Commune of 1871...
"to the cause by his energy and his lights". His remarks leave no doubt as to his fidelity to the king:
His ideas favouring a constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...
arose from those close to the king. Madame Campan, whose father was a friend of Mandat, answered Louis XVI's question "Who is this Mandat who at this moment commands the National Guard?" by saying "Sire, he is the most faithful of your subjects, but with much loyalty and very little intelligence. He is in the interests of the Constitution.". The National Guard's attitude in 1792 was less loyal than Mandat's, though it varied from battalion to battalion:
Guy de Rambaud also wrote that "the bataillon des Filles-Saint-Thomas, bataillon des Petits-Pères, bataillon de Henri IV and bataillon des Grands Augustins, protected us from brigands and rebels".
Antoine Galiot Mandat "always offered his head as a guarantee of the king's good intentions", but after the flight to Varennes
Flight to Varennes
The Flight to Varennes was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which King Louis XVI of France, his wife Marie Antoinette, and their immediate family attempted unsuccessfully to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution...
and due to revolutionary propaganda he could no longer succeed in convincing all the national guards. The battalions of the Saint-Antoine and Saint-Marceau faubourg
Faubourg
Faubourg is an ancient French term approximating "suburb" . The earliest form is Forsbourg, derived from Latin foris, 'out of', and Vulgar Latin burgum, 'town' or 'fortress'...
s were openly hostile to him from 1789 onwards and in the other battalions the poorest guards were favourable to Jacobin
Jacobin (politics)
A Jacobin , in the context of the French Revolution, was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary far-left political movement. The Jacobin Club was the most famous political club of the French Revolution. So called from the Dominican convent where they originally met, in the Rue St. Jacques ,...
ideas.
Mandat replaces La Fayette
Quatremère de Quincy
Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy was a French armchair archaeologist and architectural theorist, a Freemason, and an effective arts administrator and influential writer on art....
, was repulsed by a majority of 406 votes against 224.
Because of the vote, the deputies who had provoked him were assaulted, beaten and threatened with death after the session had ended, until the National Guard came to their rescue. According to Hippolyte Taine
Hippolyte Taine
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine was a French critic and historian. He was the chief theoretical influence of French naturalism, a major proponent of sociological positivism, and one of the first practitioners of historicist criticism. Literary historicism as a critical movement has been said to originate...
: As to de Vaublanc, the main defender of La Fayette, he was attacked three times, had taken the precaution not to go home but angry mobs showed up at his house, shouting that "four eighty people will perish at their hands, and he would be first." Twelve men who had climbed to into his apartment and rummaged around also ransacked nearby houses, and, unable to catch himself, looked for his family; they warned that if he returned to his home, he would be killed. La Fayette tendered his resignation.
The assault on the Tuileries was set for August 10. The people of Marseille were given gunpowder and bullets by the municipality – a fact known to the court.
Mandat, whose side was outnumbered, intended to defend the courts by posting some Swiss and grenadiers. He even amassed the National Guard in the garden and placed cannons on Pont Neuf
Pont Neuf
The Pont Neuf is, despite its name, the oldest standing bridge across the river Seine in Paris, France. Its name, which was given to distinguish it from older bridges that were lined on both sides with houses, has remained....
and St. John's Arcade, behind the Hotel de Ville
Hôtel de Ville, Paris
The Hôtel de Ville |City Hall]]) in :Paris, France, is the building housing the City of Paris's administration. Standing on the place de l'Hôtel de Ville in the city's IVe arrondissement, it has been the location of the municipality of Paris since 1357...
, to stop the rioters' descent from the suburbs.
Mandat's assassination
The results of Mandat's death