Gasconade County, Missouri
Encyclopedia
Gasconade County is a county in the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...

 located on the south side of the Missouri River
Missouri River
The Missouri River flows through the central United States, and is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is the longest river in North America and drains the third largest area, though only the thirteenth largest by discharge. The Missouri's watershed encompasses most of the American Great...

, which once served as the chief route of transportation in the state. Located in the area called the Missouri Rhineland
Missouri Rhineland
The Missouri Rhineland is a geographical area of Missouri that extends from west of St. Louis to slightly east of Jefferson City, located mostly in the Missouri River Valley on both sides of the river...

, the county had a population of 15,342 as of the 2000 U.S. Census. A 2008 estimate, however, showed the population to be 15,261. The county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 is Hermann
Hermann, Missouri
Hermann is a city designated in 1842 as the county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. It is near the center of the Missouri Rhineland and south of the Missouri River. The population was 2,674 at the 2000 census....

. The county was named after the Gasconade River
Gasconade River
The Gasconade River is about long and is located in central and south-central Missouri in the United States.The Gasconade River begins in the Ozarks southeast of Hartville in Wright County and flows generally north-northeastwardly through Wright, Laclede, Pulaski, Phelps, Maries, Osage and...

. Some of the land on the eastern border of the county is considered to be part of the rural exurbs of the Greater Saint Louis metropolitan area.

Because of its distinctive conditions, the Hermann area
Hermann AVA
The Hermann AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Gasconade County, Missouri, and entirely contained within the larger Ozark Mountain AVA. The wine appellation is located on the southern side of the Missouri River near the town of Hermann, about halfway between St. Louis and Jefferson City...

 was designated an American Viticultural Area
American Viticultural Area
An American Viticultural Area is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features, with boundaries defined by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau , United States Department of the Treasury....

 (AVA) in 1983. The southern part of the county is within the larger Ozark Highlands AVA
Ozark Highlands AVA
The Ozark Highlands AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in southern Missouri in the Ozark Mountains. The appellation includes land from just east of Jefferson City in the north to the Eleven Point River in the south, including parts of Phelps, Maries, Osage, Gasconade, Franklin, Crawford,...

, established in 1987.

Origin of name

Gasconade County (and the Gasconade River) received its name from French-speaking settlers. They came from the Gascony
Gascony
Gascony is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution. The region is vaguely defined and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; sometimes they are considered to overlap, and sometimes Gascony is considered a...

 region in southwest France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 during French colonial rule of New France
New France
New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763...

 (Louisiana Territory).

According to Ramsay, the French colonial inhabitants of this region had the same boastful character as the inhabitants of Gascony
Gascony
Gascony is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution. The region is vaguely defined and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; sometimes they are considered to overlap, and sometimes Gascony is considered a...

 in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

. Hence the name Gasconade, meaning 'Gascony-like'.

Geography

According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 526.09 square miles (1,362.6 km²), of which 520.67 square miles (1,348.5 km²) (or 98.97%) is land and 5.43 square miles (14.1 km²) (or 1.03%) is water.

Adjacent counties

  • Montgomery County
    Montgomery County, Missouri
    Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies in East Central Missouri, approximately halfway between Columbia and St. Louis. As of 2000, the population was 12,136. It was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775...

      (north)
  • Warren County
    Warren County, Missouri
    Warren County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. Warren County is part of the St. Louis Metro Area and is located west of the city on the north side of the Missouri River. As of 2008, the population was estimated to be 31,214. Its county seat is Warrenton...

      (northeast)
  • Franklin County
    Franklin County, Missouri
    Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri on the south side of the Missouri River. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis Metro Area and contains many of the St. Louis exurbs. Census 2010 put the population at 101,492; making it the 10th most populous county in Missouri....

      (east)
  • Crawford County
    Crawford County, Missouri
    -State:In the Missouri House of Representatives, most of Crawford County is included within the 150th Legislative District and is currently represented by State Representative Jason T. Smith . In 2008, Smith defeated Democratic challenger James D. Ellis 69.97-30.03 percent; the Crawford County...

      (southeast)
  • Phelps County
    Phelps County, Missouri
    Phelps County is a county located in south-central Missouri in the United States.According to the U.S. Census Bureau, it includes the mean center of U.S. population in 2000. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the county's population was 39,825. A 2008 estimate, however, showed the population to be 42,205....

      (south)
  • Maries County  (southwest)
  • Osage County
    Osage County, Missouri
    Osage County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. The county was named for the Osage River. As of 2000, the population was 13,062. Its county seat is Linn. The center of population of Missouri is located in Osage County, in the city of Westphalia .Osage County is part of the...

      (west)
  • Callaway County
    Callaway County, Missouri
    Callaway County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2010, the population was 44,332. Its county seat is Fulton. The county was organized in 1820. It was named for Capt. James Callaway, a grandson of...

      (northwest at a point in the Missouri River)

Major highways

  • U.S. Route 50
  • Route 19
  • Route 28
  • Route 100

Public Schools

  • Gasconade County R-I School District - Hermann
    Hermann, Missouri
    Hermann is a city designated in 1842 as the county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. It is near the center of the Missouri Rhineland and south of the Missouri River. The population was 2,674 at the 2000 census....

    • Hermann Elementary School (K-03)
    • Hermann Middle School (04-08)
    • Hermann High School (09-12)
  • Gasconade County R-II School District - Owensville
    Owensville, Missouri
    Owensville is a city in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,500 at the 2000 census. The city's current mayor is Dixon Somerville.-Geography:Owensville is located at ....

    • Gerald Elementary School (K-05) - Gerald
      Gerald, Missouri
      Gerald is a city in Franklin County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,171 at the 2000 census. The city's current mayor is Otis Schulte.-Geography:Gerald is located at ....

    • Owensville Elementary School (K-05)
    • Owensville Middle School (06-08)
    • Owensville High School (09-12)

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2000, there were 15,342 people, 6,171 households, and 4,288 families residing in the county. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 30 people per square mile (11/km²). There were 7,813 housing units at an average density of 15 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.69% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 0.70% from two or more races. Approximately 0.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,171 households out of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.00% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 7.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.50% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county the population was spread out with 24.80% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 25.90% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 18.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,047, and the median income for a family was $41,518. Males had a median income of $29,659 versus $20,728 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the county was $17,319. About 7.00% of families and 9.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.20% of those under age 18 and 10.00% of those age 65 or over.

Cities and towns

  • Bland
    Bland, Missouri
    Bland is a city in Gasconade and Osage counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 565 at the 2000 census.The Osage County portion of Bland is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:...

  • Gasconade
    Gasconade, Missouri
    Gasconade is a city in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States, at the confluence of the Missouri and Gasconade Rivers. It was the first county seat, but the designation was moved in 1825 to Bartonville after flooding...

  • Hermann
    Hermann, Missouri
    Hermann is a city designated in 1842 as the county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. It is near the center of the Missouri Rhineland and south of the Missouri River. The population was 2,674 at the 2000 census....

  • Morrison
    Morrison, Missouri
    Morrison is a town in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. The first permanent settlement in the town was made by Robert Shobe circa 1828. The population was 123 at the 2000 census.-History:...

  • Mount Sterling
    Mount Sterling, Missouri
    Mount Sterling is an unincorporated community in western Gasconade County, Missouri, United States.-Location:Mount Sterling is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 50 and Missouri Route A. The Gasconade River runs through the town, from south to north...

  • Owensville
    Owensville, Missouri
    Owensville is a city in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,500 at the 2000 census. The city's current mayor is Dixon Somerville.-Geography:Owensville is located at ....

  • Rosebud
    Rosebud, Missouri
    Rosebud is a city in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. The population was 364 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Rosebud is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land....


  • Local

    Politics at the local level in Gasconade County is predominantly controlled by the Republican Party
    Republican Party (United States)
    The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

    . In fact, all but one of Gasconade County's elected officeholders are Republicans.

    State

    Past Gubernatorial Elections Results
    Year Republican
    Republican Party (United States)
    The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

    Democratic
    Democratic Party (United States)
    The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

    Third Parties
    Third party (United States)
    The term third party is used in the United States for any and all political parties in the United States other than one of the two major parties . The term can also refer to independent politicians not affiliated with any party at all and to write-in candidates.The United States has had a...

    2008
    Missouri gubernatorial election, 2008
    -Polling:-Results:-See also:* U.S. gubernatorial elections, 2008* Missouri gubernatorial election, 2004* Missouri Lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2008-External links:* from the Missouri Secretary of State* at Project Vote Smart...

    55.78% 4,307 42.90% 3,313 1.32% 102
    2004
    Missouri gubernatorial election, 2004
    The 2004 Missouri gubernatorial election took place on 2 November 2004 for the post of Governor of Missouri. Missouri Secretary of State Republican Matt Blunt defeated State Auditor Democrat Claire McCaskill...

    65.36% 4,696 33.57% 2,412 1.07% 77
    2000 61.83% 4,091 35.31% 2,336 2.86% 189
    1996 50.99% 3,042 46.36% 2,766 2.65% 158


    Gasconade County is divided into two legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives
    Missouri House of Representatives
    The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 31,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.In 1992 Missouri...

    .
    • District 111 - State Representative Charles W. Schlottach (R-Owensville
      Owensville, Missouri
      Owensville is a city in Gasconade County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,500 at the 2000 census. The city's current mayor is Dixon Somerville.-Geography:Owensville is located at ....

      ). In 2008, Schlottach defeated Tod C. DeVeydt (D) 56.48-43.52 percent in the district.

    • District 112 – State Representative Tom Loehner (R-Koeltztown
      Koeltztown, Missouri
      Koeltztown is an unincorporated community in southern Osage County, Missouri, United States. It is located about seventeen miles southeast of Jefferson City and is one of the oldest settlements in Osage County. Founded in 1858, the community was named for its first postmaster, August Koeltze...

      ). In 2008, Loehner defeated Tom Tramel (D) 76.07-23.93 percent in the district.


    In the Missouri Senate
    Missouri Senate
    The Missouri State Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 160,000...

    , all of Gasconade County is a part of Missouri's 26th District and is currently represented by State Senator
    Missouri Senate
    The Missouri State Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 160,000...

     Frank A. Barnitz
    (D-Lake Spring
    Lake Spring, Missouri
    Lake Spring is an unincorporated community in northwest Dent County, Missouri, United States. It is located about twelve miles southeast of Rolla on Route 72....

    ). In 2006, Barnitz defeated Susie A. Snyders (R) 52.44-47.56 percent in the district. The 16th Senatorial District consists of all of Crawford
    Crawford County, Missouri
    -State:In the Missouri House of Representatives, most of Crawford County is included within the 150th Legislative District and is currently represented by State Representative Jason T. Smith . In 2008, Smith defeated Democratic challenger James D. Ellis 69.97-30.03 percent; the Crawford County...

    , Dent
    Dent County, Missouri
    Dent County is a county located in South Central Missouri in the United States. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the county's population was 14,927. A 2008 estimate, however, showed the population to be 15,119. The largest city and county seat is Salem...

    , Gasconade, Maries, Montgomery
    Montgomery County, Missouri
    Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies in East Central Missouri, approximately halfway between Columbia and St. Louis. As of 2000, the population was 12,136. It was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775...

    , Osage
    Osage County, Missouri
    Osage County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. The county was named for the Osage River. As of 2000, the population was 13,062. Its county seat is Linn. The center of population of Missouri is located in Osage County, in the city of Westphalia .Osage County is part of the...

    , Phelps
    Phelps County, Missouri
    Phelps County is a county located in south-central Missouri in the United States.According to the U.S. Census Bureau, it includes the mean center of U.S. population in 2000. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the county's population was 39,825. A 2008 estimate, however, showed the population to be 42,205....

    , and Pulaski
    Pulaski County, Missouri
    Pulaski County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. The county was organized in 1833 and named for Kazimierz Pułaski, Polish patriot who died fighting in the American Revolution. As of 2010, the population was 52,274, an increase of 27% from the 2000 Census count of 41,165. Its...

     counties.

    Federal

    In the U.S. House of Representatives
    United States House of Representatives
    The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...

    , Gasconade County is represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer
    Blaine Luetkemeyer
    Blaine Luetkemeyer is the U. S. Representative for , serving since 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district contains most of Northeastern Missouri. As a result of the 2010 Census Missouri will lose a Congressional district effective 2013...

     (R-St. Elizabeth
    St. Elizabeth, Missouri
    St. Elizabeth is a village in Miller County, Missouri, United States. The population was 336 at the 2010 census.-Geography:St. Elizabeth is located at ....

    ) who represents all of Northeast Missouri as part of Missouri's 9th Congressional District.

    Political Culture

    Past Presidential Elections Results
    Year Republican
    Republican Party (United States)
    The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

    Democratic
    Democratic Party (United States)
    The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

    Third Parties
    Third party (United States)
    The term third party is used in the United States for any and all political parties in the United States other than one of the two major parties . The term can also refer to independent politicians not affiliated with any party at all and to write-in candidates.The United States has had a...

    2008 61.29% 4,763 37.31% 2,899 1.40% 109
    2004 66.28% 4,753 32.84% 2,355 0.88% 63
    2000 63.21% 4,190 34.05% 2,257 2.74% 182
    1996 50.19% 2,997 35.24% 2,104 14.57% 870


    At the presidential level, Gasconade County is one of the most reliably Republican strongholds in the state of Missouri. No Democrat has won the county in a presidential election since before the U.S. Civil War
    American Civil War
    The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

    .

    Like most rural areas throughout Northeast Missouri, voters in Gasconade County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative
    Conservatism
    Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...

     principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman
    Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 (2004)
    Constitutional Amendment 2 of 2004 is an amendment to the Missouri Constitution that prohibited same-sex marriages from being conducted or recognized in Missouri. The Amendment passed via public referendum on August 3, 2004 with 71% of voters supporting and 29% opposing. Every county voted in...

    —it overwhelmingly passed Gasconade County with 76.48 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent of support from voters as Missouri became the first state to ban same-sex marriage
    Same-sex marriage
    Same-sex marriage is marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or social gender. Supporters of legal recognition for same-sex marriage typically refer to such recognition as marriage equality....

    . In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state
    Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 (2006)
    Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 is a state constitutional amendment initiative that concerns stem cell research and human cloning in Missouri...

    —it failed in Gasconade County with 58.61 percent voting against the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research
    Embryonic stem cell
    Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, an early-stage embryo. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells...

    . Despite Gasconade County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancing populist
    Populism
    Populism can be defined as an ideology, political philosophy, or type of discourse. Generally, a common theme compares "the people" against "the elite", and urges social and political system changes. It can also be defined as a rhetorical style employed by members of various political or social...

     causes like increasing the minimum wage
    Minimum wage
    A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly remuneration that employers may legally pay to workers. Equivalently, it is the lowest wage at which workers may sell their labour. Although minimum wage laws are in effect in a great many jurisdictions, there are differences of opinion about...

    . In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $6.50 an hour—it passed Gasconade County with 74.74 percent of the vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 78.99 percent voting in favor. (During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.)

    Missouri Presidential Preference Primary (2008)

    • Former U.S. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-New York
      New York
      New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

      ) received more votes, a total of 848, than any candidate from either party in Gasconade County during the 2008 Missouri Presidential Preference Primary.

    See also

    • National Register of Historic Places listings in Gasconade County, Missouri

    External links

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